• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 1978

The stability of active ingredient of BPMC formulation under ultraviolet lights and sunlights was investigated using dust, emulsifiable concentrate and granular. The active ingredient of BPMC dust was more rapidly degraded by irradiation with ultraviolet lights than emulsifiable concentrate or granular tested. In the case of BPMC emulsions, the degree of degradation was increased in the order of granular, emulsifiable concentrate, dust by irradiation with ultraviolet lights. BPMC was unstable in alkaline solution and ultraviolet lights had highly significant relation to the decomposition of its active ingredient.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.29-32
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• 2014

This study was initiated to search for the most effective method for extraction of anthocyanins from Morus alba Fruits using organic acids and to evaluate the stability of the pigments at various storage environments. The anthocyanins were effectively extracted by addition of organic acids such as citric acid, malic acid and fumaric acid. The anthocyanins were not degraded at $25^{\circ}C$ and under a fluorescent light with 183 lux, but sharply degraded at $60^{\circ}C$.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2007

Nickel powder was coated with aluminum nitrate solution to increase the thermal stability of a porous nickel support and control the nickel content in the Pd-Cu-Ni ternary alloyed membrane. Raw nickel powder and alumina coated nickel powder were uniaxialy pressed by home made press with metal cylindrical mold. Though the used nickel powder prepared by pulsed wire evaporation (PWE) method has a good thermal stability, the porous nickel support was too much sintered and the pores of porous nickel support was plugged at high temperature (over $800^{\circ}C$) making it not suitable for the porous support of a palladium based composite membrane. In order to overcome this problem, the nickel powder was coated by alumina and alumina modified porous nickel support resists up to $1000^{\circ}C$ without pore destruction. Furthermore, the compositions of Pd-Cu-Ni ternary alloy membrane prepared by magnetron sputtering and Cu-reflow could be controlled by not only Cu-reflow temperature but also alumina coating amount. SEM analysis and mercury porosimeter analysis evidenced that the alumina coated on the surface of nickel powder interrupted nickel sintering.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.1142-1151
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• 1999

Today, laboratory animal production has decreased world-wide to half the number estimated in 1970 of more than 100 Mio. This is due to the cell-biological assays which replaced animal experimentation as a first allround method to solve biomedical problems. Animal experimentation remains the most significant experimental method for the study of higher organized physiological systems and their multifactorial connections. This requires maximal uniformity of all quantitative traits among the animals used for such studies (mainly mice and rats) and stability of these traits for reproducing such studies at any time world-wide. The success of the developed methods for the standardization of laboratory animals was analyzed and were found only partly be acceptable. Getting a higher degree of uniformity among standardized inbred animals is blocked by "intangible variance". This is caused by influences of ooplasm, shown by experimental twin and clone studies. Manipulation of this component of variance is essential in the future. - Genetic drifts impair the necessary stability of biological traits. There are a few disadvantages associated with the cryopreservation of embryos and other methods are required. - Dogs and cats were replaced by pigs as laboratory animals. A new line of animal production will evolve over the next 25 years with similarities to the present laboratory animal production, because in future pigs were used as donors for xenotransplants for men.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.339-345
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• 2017

Retroviral and lentiviral vectors are mostly pseudotyped and often purified and concentrated via ultracentrifugation. In this study, we quantified and compared the stabilities of retroviral [murine leukemia virus (MLV)-based] and lentiviral [human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-based] vectors pseudotyped with relatively mechanically stable envelope proteins, vesicular stomatitis virus glycoproteins (VSVGs), and the influenza virus WSN strain envelope proteins against ultracentrifugation. Lentiviral genomic and functional particles were more stable than the corresponding retroviral particles against ultracentrifugation when pseudotyped with VSVGs. However, both retroviral and lentiviral particles were unstable when pseudotyped with the influenza virus WSN strain envelope proteins. Therefore, the stabilities of pseudotyped retroviral and lentiviral vectors against ultracentrifugation process are a function of not only the type of envelope proteins, but also the type of viral internal core (MLV or HIV-1 core). In addition, the fraction of functional viral particles among genomic viral particles greatly varied at times during packaging, depending on the type of envelope proteins used for pseudotyping and the viral internal core.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2011

Heavy metal remediation in shooting range soil is a challenge over the world. The excessive Pb accumulation in the soil can deteriorate soil quality and fertility. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the efficiency of biochar (BC) in improving the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil and to evaluate its effect on Pb availability in a military shooting range soil. Sandy loam soil was collected from shooting range of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea and was incubated for 30 days with different application rates (0-30% w $w^{-1}$) of BC. The results showed that the addition of BC increased aggregate stability, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents, and enzyme activities in soil. Sequential extraction showed that residual and organic bound fractions in the soil amended with BC increased by 33.1 and 16.7%, respectively, and the exchangeable fraction decreased by 93.7% in the soil amended with BC, compared to the unamended soil. We concluded that the application of BC could not only improve physicochemical and biological soil qualities but also stabilize Pb in a shooting range soil.

• Clean Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2008

There have been great attentions on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) due to their advantageous characteristics such as zero emission of hazardous pollutant and high energy density. In this work, we evaluated degradation phenomena and stability of single cell performance via one dimensional single cell modeling. Here, CO poisoning on anode on anode was considered for cell performance degradation. Modeling results showed that the performance and stability were highly degraded with CO concentration in fuel gas. In addition, cell performance was reduced by slow oxygen reduction on cathode in long term operation. In order to overcome, it is required to increase ratio o#hydrogen in the fuel gas of anode and high Pt loading contained in the cathodic catalyst layer.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.547-555
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• 2021

A catalyst-plasma reactor was applied to the storage of agricultural products, e.g., apple and kiwi, to remove the ethylene generated during the storage. Two 1-m³ unit containers were prepared, and the long-term storage stability of the control group at room temperature was compared with that of the experimental group of which the produced ethylene was treated by the catalyst-plasma reactor. In case of the experimental group, a small amount of ozone was injected to the unit container to suppress the growth of microorganisms such as mold. The apples and kiwis were stored at room temperature for 50 and 57 days, respectively, and the changes in ethylene concentration, hardness, sugar content, acidity, and loss rate were compared. The ethylene concentration during the storage for the control group was higher than that for the experimental group, indicating that the ethylene was effectively removed. Hardness, sugar content, and sugar acid ratio after the storage were better than before the storage, and in particular, the storage stability of kiwifruit was improved significantly. In addition, after the storage, the loss rates of apples and kiwis in the control group were 10 and 54.1%, respectively, but the loss rates in the experimental group were 6 and 34.8%, respectively. Therefore, the storage stability of the experimental group was a lot better than that of the control group.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2011

Recent popularity in mobile electronics requires higher standard on the mechanical strength of electronic packaging. Thus, the method of soldering between chip and substrate in electronic packaging process is changing from conventional method using intermetallic compound to a new method using organic solderability preservatives (OSP) in order to improve the stability and the reliability of final product. Since current OSPs have several serious problems like thermo-stability during packaging process, however, it is necessary to develop new OSPs having thermo-stability. The main purpose of this study is to develop various thermo-stable OSPs based upon poly(vinyl pyridine-co- methylmethacrylate) and to evaluate their anti-oxidation property protecting Cu pad, thermo-stability and solubility to acid- or alcohol-containing aqueous solution during pos-fluxing. All OSPs showed not only good anti-oxidation property, thermo-stability and solubility but also more advantages like low cost, less odor, and less hygroscopic.

• Carbon letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.217-220
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• 2009

In this study, porous electrospun carbon fibers were prepared by electrospinning with PAN and $MgCl_2$, as a MgO precursor. MgO was selected as a substrate because of its chemical and thermal stability, no reaction with carbon, and ease of removal after carbonization by dissolving out in acidic solutions. $MgCl_2$ was mixed with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution as a precursor of MgO with various weight ratios of $MgCl_2$/PAN. The average diameter of porous electrospun carbon fibers increased from 1.3 to 3 ${\mu}m$, as the $MgCl_2$ to PAN weight ratio increased. During the stabilization step, $MgCl_2$ was hydrolyzed to MgOHCl by heat treatment. At elevated temperature of 823 K for carbonization step, MgOHCl was decomposed to MgO. Specific surface area and pore structure of prepared electrospun carbon fibers were decided by weight ratio of $MgCl_2$/PAN. The amount of hydrogen storage increased with increase of specific surface area and micropore volume of prepared electrospun carbon fibers.