• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.385-392
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• 2001

Environmental risk factors such as ionizing radiations, heavy metals, and pesticides can cause environmental disasters when they exist in excess. The increases in use of ionizing radiation and agricultural pesticide are somewhat related to the possibility of the disaster. The risk of radiation and pesticide was evaluated by means of the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay on the human blood lymphocytes. The lymphocytes were irradiated with $0{\sim}2.0Gy$ of $^{60}Co$ gamma ray. Another groups of lymphocytes were exposed to various concentrations of parathion. Significantly increased tail moment, which was a marker of DNA strand breaks in SCGE assay, showed a clear dose- or concentration-response relationship. Parathion of a recommended concentration for agricultural use ($1mg {\ell}^{-1}$ ) has a strong cytotoxic effect on lymphocytes, which is equivalent to damage induced by 0.1 Gy of ${\gamma}$-ray. Furthermore, $2mg{\ell}^{-1}$ of parathion can give rise to DNA damage equivalent to that induced by 0.25 Gy at which the radiation-induced damage can start to develop into clinical symptoms. The comparative results of this study can provide an experimental basis and biological information for the prevention of environmental disaster.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 1998

Salicylic acid and 3-hydroxy benzoic acid are nitrated and esterified with some alcohols. Five phosphate and six carbamate compounds of alkyl-5-nitrosalicylate and alkyl-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoate are synthesized by reacting alkyl-5-nitrosalicylate and alkyl-3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoate with diethyl-chlorophosphate and methyl isocyanate. As the bioassay results of synthesized compounds on five insects and six pathogens, the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) mortality of O-(2-carbomethoxy-4-nitrophenyl) O,O-diethylphosphate and O-(2-nitro-5-carbo methoxyphenyl) O,O-diethylphosphate was 96%, while four compounds including O-(2-carbo-(2-chloroethoxy)-4-nitrophenyl) O,O-diethylphosphate showed more than 95% of fungicidal activity on rice blast.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.110-116
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• 2006

In this study, the biodegradation rate of paraoxon, that is an organophosphate pesticide, was enhanced by recombinant Escherichia coli harboring organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH). The optimum conditions were 8.5 of initial pH and 5.0% of acetone for the enhancement of specific whole cell OPH activity. When the OPH was produced to 498 Unit/L, 98% of 275mg/L paraoxon was degraded within 10 minutes, and thus the biodegradation rate was enhanced to $29.2mg/g{\cdot}min$. The results implied that practical bioremediation technology developed in this study was an effective method to degrade residual organophosphate pesticide in ground water or soils in a short time.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.248-254
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• 1983

The effects of some soil conditions on the degradation rate and decomposing pattern of thiolix were investigated and the obtained results are summarized as follows: Thiolix degraded more rapidly in flood soils than in noon-flooded, and in wet soils than in dry soils under non-flooded soils. The degradation rates in non-flooded soils increased with higher pesticide concentration. Thiolix was more persistent in non-flooded soils under soil sterelization than under non-sterilization and degraded rapidly in glucose application. The metabolites identified from the soils by TLC and GLC include Thiolix alcohol, Thiolix sulfate, Thiolix ether and a unknown metabolite. Soil enzyme, acid phosphatase activity decreased at higher pesticide concentration, lower moisture contents of soil and the activity in glucose application was increased. Soil enzyme, urease and dehydrogenase activity decreased at higher pesticide concentrations.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 1980

Present investigation is undertaken to evaluate residues of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in river sediments and cultivated soils by GLC. Main sampling areas chosen were three industrial estates, Suwon, Iri and Kumi. Samples consist of river sediments and cultivated soils, in Suwon, Iri and Chilgok, which are likely to be accumulated with PCBs from nearby factories. Organochlorine pesticide residues were found in all sediments and soil samples while no PCBs residue was detected in all samples analyzed. The pesticide residues were greatest in the Suwon and least in Chilgok soils. p,p'-DDT and BHC isomers $({\alpha}-,\;and\;{\gamma}-)$ were found in all soil samples. p,p'-DDT, at the range of 0.006-0.840 ppm, was the most abundant residues among organochlorine insecticides.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.181-185
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• 1981

Distribution of pesticide deposit on the upper and lower halves of rice plants sprayed with various dilution and dosage of fenitrothion EC, Imidan WP, diazinon EC and phenthoate EC was studied under paddy field. Increasing dilution or dosage of the pesticides resulted in high level of deposits on the lower half of rice plants. The distribution of pesticide deposits on the upper half of Milyang 23 was higher than that of Akibare irrespective of pesticides, dilution and dosage.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.413-419
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• 2022

The applicability of Brussels sprouts, which are widely cultivated in Jeju, as a functional biomaterial in the cosmetics and food industries is investigated. The active ingredients (total phenols and flavonoids, β-carotene, vitamin C, free sugar, minerals, glucosinolates, and isothiocyanates) and antioxidant activities of 70% ethanol extracts of Brussels sprouts and cabbage were analyzed. The total phenol, flavonoid, vitamin C, and β-carotene contents of Brussels sprouts were approximately 36%, 2.5 times, 2.3 times, and 65% higher than those of cabbage, respectively. The total free sugar content of Brussels sprouts was 58%-72% lower than that of cabbage. The K content was the highest among the other minerals, and there was little difference between the two samples. The Na content was approximately three times higher in cabbage than in Brussels sprouts. The total glucosinolate content of Brussels sprouts was 34.5 mol SE/g DW, twice that of cabbage. The sinigrin content of Brussels sprouts was thrice (10.06 μmol/g DW) that of cabbage. The isothiocyanate (sulforaphane, I3C) content in Brussels sprouts was double that of cabbage. The antioxidant activity of Brussels sprout extract was 2.5 to 2.8 times higher in 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity and 3.3 to 3.6 times higher in 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging capacity than those of cabbage extract. These are important basic data for the study of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates, which have anticancer activity, as well as antioxidant-related substances of Brussels sprout, which has high potential for use as a biomaterial in functional foods and cosmetics.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.189-201
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• 2016

A processing factor (PF) has been used to define the maximum residue limits of pesticide in a variety of processed fruit products. This study summarizes PF by the stage of fruit processing based on JMPR reports from 2010 to 2014. When we compared PF of 19 pesticides in apple products during the processing of washing, drying, canning, juice, sauce, puree and pomace, PF was higher than 1 only in pomace. In the comparison of 21 pesticides during the process of grape (washing, juice, wine and raisin), PF was higher than 1 in raisin. In the comparison of 19 pesticides during the process of orange (juice, oil and marmalade), PF was higher than 1 in oil. When 27 pesticides were compared during the process of tomato (juice, puree and paste), paste showed the highest PF value except pomace. During the process of plum (washing, drying and puree) with 12 pesticides, PF was higher than 1 in drying. The correlation coefficients between physical characteristics of pesticide (fat-solubility and volatility) and PF were statistically significant in the processes of apple juice, orange juice, tomato puree and paste and strawberry jam.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.275-282
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• 2020

As pesticide safety was extended to agricultural environments and Positive List System was carried out, Pesticide safety management in soils has become even more important. To improve pesticide safety in soils needs the degradation technology of the residues in soils and reduce plant uptake of pesticides. In this study, biochars and quicklime as the degradation methods of pesticides (azoxystrboin, procymidone and tricyclazole) were used to identify the reduction effects. The experimental methods were putting biochars and quicklimes (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0% per 15 cm soil weight) in soils and analyzing the pesticide residues at 0, 10, 20, 35, 50 day. To identify the reduction effects of uptake from soil to korean cabbages (roots, leave, stems) by biochar treatment, the residues in samples were analyzed. As a results, azoxystrobin (36-96%), procymidone (40-117%) and tricyclazole (26-83%) were reduced in soils when treated with 2.0% quicklime (p<0.05). There were no reduction effect in soils when treated with 1.0% or less biochar. However, the amounts of residues translocated to roots (0.11-1.62 mg/kg), leave (0.05-0.29 mg/kg), stems (0.06-0.1 mg/kg) were reduced treated with 2.0% biochar treatments. The biochar and quicklime can be applicable to agricultural field to improve pesticide safety in soils.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2019

Strawberries are one of the main commodities in Korea and have been exported over 40 million dollar. Because the strawberry cultivation using hydroponics has increased, treatment of pesticide by drenching draw interest recently. However, detailed researches for drenching treatment of pesticide are limited, which results in difficulties in proper pesticide applications in agricultural fields. To activate use of drenching and improve safety in agricultural products, In this study, time-dependent residual characteristic of pesticides were compared with between different applications of pesticides in strawberries. The characteristics of azoxystrobin, prochloraz and thiamethoxam were investigated with drenching treatment at different applications: the time of treatment, concentration etc. at hydroponic cultivation for 40 days. Azoxystrobin and prochloraz were not detected at 14 day after application. Thiamethoxam was detected from 0.02 to 0.85 mg/kg. Crop uptake of pesticides was strongly affected with octanol-water partition coefficient and solubility in water. Residual amount in crops are highly dependent on the concentration of active ingredient of pesticides.