• Plant Resources
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.46-58
• /
• 2000

Many plant species are used in Malaysia in folk medicine for the treatment of cancer. This paper presents some of these species with details on other ethnopharmacological uses, the known bioactivities and some chemical constituents of each of the species given. It is normal practice in traditional medicine that one species of plant is used to treat various ailments. Thus the plant species listed are all used to treat cancer but have various other ethnophrmacological uses as well, some with few other uses and rest with many other uses. Information on bioactivities of each species resulting from tests on human and experimental animals are also given. Proven bioactivities give strength to ethnopharmacological claims on the efficacies of plant resources in the treatment of cancer and various other ailments but will but will not necessarily lead to the production of new pharmaceutical drugs. Many of the known chemical constituents of each species are given. This shows the richness and variety of chemicals containes in each of the species listed. The chemicals listed may or may not prove to be important in the pharmaceutical sciences but is an indication of what each species contatin in thrms of plant chemicals. It is a well known fact that many of the pharmaceutical prescriptions in present day use are of plant origin and semi-synthetic or fully synthetic chemicals produced using knowledge gained from studies of phytochemicals. Thus the paper presented will give useful information and also shows the richness of plant species that have high potentials for the development of anti-cancer resources from plants in Malaysia.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.145-161
• /
• 2015

This research was conducted in order to understand the hybridization between Quercus aliena Blume and Q. serrata Murray in Korea which show wide range of morphological variations within species and interspecific variations of diverse overlapping characteristics caused by hybridization. Morphological analysis (principal components analysis; PCA) of 116 individuals representing two species and their intermediates were performed. As a result, two species were clearly distinguished in terms of morphology, and intermediate morpho-types assumed to be hybrids between the two species were mostly located in the middle of each parent species in the plot of the principal components analysis. There was a clear distinction between two species in trichome distribution pattern which is an important diagnostic character in taxonomy of genus Quercus, whereas intermediate morpho-types showed intermediate state between two species' trichome distributions. Forty-two individuals representing two species and their intermediates were examined for leaf flavonoid constituents. Twenty-three flavonoid compounds were isolated and identified: They were glycosylated derivatives of flavonols, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin and myricetin. The flavonoid constituents of Q. aliena were five glycosylated derivatives: kaempferol 3-O-galactoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, and Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside. The flavonoid constituents of Q. serrata had 20 diverse flavonol compounds including five flavonoid compounds found in Q. aliena. It was found that there is a clear difference in flavonoid constituents of Q. aliena and Q. serrata. Flavonoid chemistry is very useful in recognizing each species and putative hybrids. The flavonoid constituents of intermediates were a mixture of the two species' constituents and they generally showed similar characteristics to morpho-types. The hybrids between Q. aliena and Q. serrata showed morphologically and chemically diverse characteristics and it is assumed that there are frequent interspecific hybridization and introgression.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.48
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2003

Plant fats and oils contain phytosterols as naturally occurring constituents, which are present in pure or esterified form, or conjugated as glycosides. The predominant phytosterol is sitosterol and minor components are campesterol, stigmasterol, $\Delta^7$-avenasterol and brassicasterol. They play a key role in cell membrane function of plants as cholesterol in animals. Phytosterols have been known for many years for their properties for reducing blood cholesterol levels, as well as their other beneficial health effects for cancer preventive biological-active substances. The objective of this paper is to present a description of the recent advances in phytosterols for future research.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.433-440
• /
• 1995

Astragali Radix, the roots of Korean Astragalus membranaceus BUNGE (Leguminosae), was extracted and fractionated. One fraction of them exhibited anti-Herpes Simplex (type I) activity ($ED_{50}=3.403\;{\mu}g/ml$).

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2000.04a
• /
• pp.177.3-178
• /
• 2000

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2001.04a
• /
• pp.213.2-213.2
• /
• 2001

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.65 no.3
• /
• pp.153-158
• /
• 2022

This study aimed to identify the phytochemical constituents of Lactuca serriola leaves and perform quantitative analysis of the methanol (MeOH) extract of L. serriola, L. indica, L. raddeana, L. sativa, and L. triangulata. Six compounds were isolated from the MeOH extracts of L. serriola using open column chromatography and identified as protocatechuic acid (1), caffeic acid (2), cynaroside (3), apigenin 7-glucuronide (4), luteolin (5), and apigenin (6) using ¹H-, ¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. Quantitative analysis of the six compounds was performed on the MeOH extract of Lactuca species using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and an ultraviolet (UV). A reverse-phased column was used, and the UV absorbance was set to 280 nm. The contents of compounds 2 and 3 were the highest (1.58 and 2.64 mg/g ext., respectively) in L. serriola extracts. However, compounds 4 and 6 were higher (1.46 and 0.40 mg/g ext., respectively) in L. triangulata. These results provide quantitative data for the application of Lactuca species in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.138-146
• /
• 2009

Garlic (Allium sativum) are an agronomically important genus because of their sulfur flavour components. The majority of the volatiles flavour principles are generated through the enzymatic hydrolysis of the non-volatile organosulfur compounds. However, these compounds may be possible sources of new novel bioacuve and therapeutic principles. Garlic has strong antioxidant activity, and epidemiological studies support the fad that diets rich of garlic may prevent some of the chronic diseases. The health cares of garlic likely arise from a wide variety of components, which may work synergistically. The chemical changes of garlic composition makes it plausible that a variation in processing can lead to acquisition of differential chemical compositions of garlic products. Especially highly unstable allicin can easily disappear during processing and are quickly transformed into a various organosulfur compounds. Various supplements of garlic, particularly aged garlic extract (AGE), are known to possess a promising antioxidant potential and are effective in prevention of chronic diseases because of the bioactive constituents. Although all of active ingredients of AGE are not elucidated, water-soluble components of AGE, including S-allylcysteine, S-allylmercaptane, steroid saponins, tetrahydro-${\beta}$-carboline derivatives, and fructosyl-arginine, appears to be associated with the pharmacological effects of AGE. Consequently, the allicin free garlic components such as S-allylcysteine, S-allylmercaptane, steroid saponins, tetrahydro-${\beta}$-carboline derivatives, and fructosyl-arginine can be applicable to standardization of the quality of commercial garlic products. This review provides an insight into garlic's biomarkers and presents evidence that they may either prevent or delay chronic disease associated with aging.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.61 no.3
• /
• pp.239-243
• /
• 2018

Essential oils of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds were extracted by three extraction methods, steam distillation extraction (SDE), hexane extraction (HE) and supercritical extraction (SE), to compare their insecticidal activities against Sitophilus oryzae and S. zeamais. Although the essential oil extracted by HE and SE did not show insecticidal activities, the essential oil extracted by SDE showed the highest insecticidal activities against S. oryzae and S. zeamais. The chemical compositions of the essential oil extracted by SDE were analyzed by GC-MS. The most abundant compounds were linalool (59.92%), camphor (7.94%), linalool oxide (7.70%), p-cymene (7.44%), ${\alpha}-pinene$ (6.44%), limonene (3.29%) and geranyl acetate (3.19%). Camphor and linalool as major constituents showed the highest insecticidal activities against S. oryzae and S. zeamais whereas other constituents did not show insecticidal activities. As a result, the essential oil extracted by SDE, camphor and linalool showed a potential for development as insecticide against the storage pests.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.189-202
• /
• 2018

Hop cones (Humuli Strobili) are the female inflorescences of hop plants (Humulus lupulus L.) belonging to the family Cannabaceae. They have been used as herbal remedies to treat mood and sleep disturbances, and mainly to add as a bittering ingredient in brewing process. Considerable interests on pharmacological and biological activities of hop cones have been focused on their major constituents, namely, phloroglucinols (humulone, lupulone), terpenes (myrcene, humulene), and prenylated flavonoids (xanthohumol, isoxanthohumol, 6-prenylnaringenin, and 8-prenylnaringenin). The present review describes and discusses biological activity profiles of these major compounds in the hop cones.