• 보존과학연구
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• 통권21호
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• pp.5-55
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• 2000

The cultural properties are damaged by various causes according to the characteristics of material, the condition of preservation, and the period of time. Especially, biodeterioration makes lots of damages in organic properties than inorganic ones. The damages of wooden cultural properties by insects usually are caused by the three orders; Isoptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. As the result of investigation on the state of 141 buildings of wooden cultural properties in 1999, some of them were damaged by many kinds off actors; wasp, powder post beetle, cigarette beetle, termite, decay, and physical cracking. And it was found that the patterns of damages were related to species-specific habits of insects. There are several methods of pest control for the prevention of wooden cultural properties from damages caused by insects. Those are as follows; physical control, chemical control, biological control, and integrated pest management. When insects and fungi were detected at the wooden buildings, the fumigation is best treatment to stop biodeterioration. And then, wood materials also need to be treated with insecticidal and antiseptic chemicals to avoid a reinfestation, because the fumigant is volatile. The six commercial chemicals which are applied to the insecticidal and antiseptic treatment of wooden cultural properties were purchased to test their abilities. According to the comparative results of efficacy of them in laboratory, chemical D showed excellent efficacy in all items, including antiseptic and termiticidal items. The goal of these pest controls is to protect wooden buildings from insects and microorganisms. The most effective method used currently is chemical control(fumigation, insecticidal and anticeptic chemical treatment), but it has to be treated periodically to control pest effectively. Recently environmentally-friendly control methods such as bait system or biological treatments are replacing traditional barrier treatments using large amounts of chemicals. Especially, termite is a social insect which makes a colony. Although a building with fumigation treatment is safe for a while, once attacked building has a risk of damage by reinfestation of termite. Therefore, to control termites from damaged building, the entire colony including reproductives(queen and king) and larvae around buildings must beeliminated. Bait system can be used as a preventive measure in early detection of them through termites colony monitoring and baiting. It would be the most effective for termite control if bait system would be used together with the chemical controls.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2010

Methiozolin (5-(2,6-difluoro-benzyloxymethyl)-5-methyl-3-(3-methyl- thiophen-2-yl)- 4,5-dihydro-isoxazole) is a new turf herbicide in isoxazoline chemistry. The herbicide controls grass weeds and has a high safety to various cool and warm season turfgrasses. This paper describes basic chemical, biological, and regulatory information of methiozolin.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2003

Proteolytic enzymes existing in plant cell cultured media are the major reason for the loss of secreted human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF). The addition of pepstatin, aprotinin and PMSF relatively decreased the proteolytic degradation of hGM-CSF in a conditioned medium, but sufficient prevention against the proteolytic activity could not be obtained with chemical protease inhibitors. Gelatin, as a competitive substrate for protease, showed a stabilizing effect in a conditioned medium. Compared to the initial hGM-CSF concentration in a conditioned medium. with 10 g/L of gelatin, 68% of the hGM-CSF remained after 5 days. In a cell culture experiment, 5 g/L of gelatin significantly stimulated the hGM-CSF production and accumulation in culture media, with no growth inhibition. compared to the controls (4.72 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L), the extracellular hGM-CSF level could be increased to 39.78 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L with the addition of 5 g/L of gelatin.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2009

초고속 연산용 CMOS(complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) 배선재료로 사용되고 있는 구리(Cu)가, 기가급 메모리 소자용 금속 배선 물질에도 사용이 시작되면서 구리 박막에 대한 재료 및 공정이 새로운 조명을 받고 있다. 반도체 금속 배선에 사용하는 수 nm 두께의 구리 박막의 형성에 전해도금(electrodeposition)과 무전해 도금(electroless deposition) 같은 전기화학적 방법을 이용하게 되어서 표면 처리, 전해액 조성과 같은 중요한 요소에 대한 최신 연구 동향을 요약하였다. 구리 박막에서 구리 배선을 제작하여야 하므로 새로운 패턴 기술인 상감기법이 도입되어, 구리도금과 상감기법과의 공정 일치성 관점에서 전해도금과 무전해 도금의 요소 기술에 대해 기술하였다. 구리보다 비저항이 낮아 차세대 소자용 배선에 있어서 적용이 예상되는 은(Ag)을 전기화학적 방법으로 금속 배선에 적용하는 최신 연구에 대하여도 소개하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.150-154
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• 2005

천연식물자원으로부터 생물농약을 개발하기 위하여 점박이응애(Tetranichus urticae), 목화진딧물(Aphis gossypii)과 복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae)에 대해 푸른은행잎 추출물(GG-W80)과 노란은행잎 추출물(YG-W80)의 살충효과와 기피효과를 leaf disk법과 유묘검정법에 의해 조사하였다. 점박이응애에 대한 살충효과는 GG-W80이 98.3%로 YG-W80의 20.0%보다 우수하였다. 점박이응애에 강한 살충효과를 보이는 생리활성물질은 high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)를 이용해 동정하였다. 푸른은행잎 추출물에서는 각각 bilobalide $611\;{\mu}g/kg$, ginkgolide A $37\;{\mu}g/kg$와 ginkgolide B $243\;{\mu}g/kg$이 동정되었으며, 노란은행잎 추출물에서는 bilobalide $214\;{\mu}g/kg$와 ginkgolide B $46\;{\mu}g/kg$이 동정되었으나 ginkgolide A는 확인되지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 은행잎에 존재하는 terpene계 화합물인 bilobalide와 ginkgolide A, B가 점박이응애에 살충력을 갖고 있음을 알수 있으며, 이들 성분을 포함한 은행잎 추출물이 점박이응애에 대한 생물학적 방제 가능성을 가지고 있음을 시사하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1011-1021
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• 2005

Rhizobacteria are actively sought for the substitution of chemical fertilizers and pathogen control agents in environment-friendly sustainable agriculture. To be successfully commercialized in the current Korean market as agriculture biomaterials, microbial agents should exhibit both properties of plant growth promotion and pathogen control. That is, the organism must be a phytostimulator as well as a biocontrol agent. These criteria and the survival rate of a rhizobacterium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 7079, in the soil system were investigated to evaluate the suitability for future commercialization. B. amyloliquefaciens 7079-treated seedlings showed $22.8\%$ maximum increase in leaf-length growth, compared with water-treated controls, showing the phytostimulating property. The disease suppression rates of Phytophthora-blight of peppers and Fusarium-wilt of tomatoes by B. amyloliquefaciens 7079 were 1.5 and 2.2 times better, respectively, than by three popular chemical fungicides used in actual agricultural practices to control the respective pathogens. Survival of B. amyloliquefaciens 7079 on the rhizoplane and in the rhizosphere was favorable up to 50 days in the soil system employed. These positive properties show that B. amyloliquefaciens 7079 is likely to be a suitable candidate for commercialization to market as agricultural biomaterials.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2617-2622
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• 2003

The pH neutralization process has long been taken as a representative benchmark problem of nonlinear chemical process control due to its nonlinearity and time-varying nature. For general nonlinear processes, it is difficult to control with a linear model-based control method so nonlinear controls must be considered. Among the numerous approaches suggested, the most rigorous approach is the dynamic optimization. However, as the size of the problem grows, the dynamic programming approach is suffered from the curse of dimensionality. In order to avoid this problem, the Neuro-Dynamic Programming (NDP) approach was proposed by Bertsekas and Tsitsiklis (1996). The NDP approach is to utilize all the data collected to generate an approximation of optimal cost-to-go function which was used to find the optimal input movement in real time control. The approximation could be any type of function such as polynomials, neural networks and etc. In this study, an algorithm using NDP approach was applied to a pH neutralization process to investigate the feasibility of the NDP algorithm and to deepen the understanding of the basic characteristics of this algorithm. As the global approximator, the neural network which requires training and k-nearest neighbor method which requires querying instead of training are investigated. The global approximator requires optimal control strategy. If the optimal control strategy is not available, suboptimal control strategy can be used even though the laborious Bellman iterations are necessary. For pH neutralization process it is rather easy to devise an optimal control strategy. Thus, we used an optimal control strategy and did not perform the Bellman iteration. Also, the effects of constraints on control moves are studied. From the simulations, the NDP method outperforms the conventional PID control.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2000

In nature, plant diseases, insects and parasites (hereafter called as "pest") must be co-survived. The most common expression of co-survival of a host crop to the pest can be tolerance. With tolerance, chemical uses can be minimized and it protects environment and sustains host productivity and the minimum pest survival. Tolerance can be applicable in all living organisms including crop plants, lifestocks and even human beings. Tolerant system controls pest about 90 to 95% (this pest control system often be called as horizontal or partial resistance), while the use of chemicals or selection of high resistance controls pest 100% (the most expression of this control system is vertical resistance or true resistance). Controlling or eliminating the pests by either chemicals or vertical resistance create new problems in nature and destroy the co-survial balance of pest and host. Controlling pests through tolerance can only permit co-survive of pests and hosts. Tolerance is durable and environmentally-friend. Crop cultivars based on tolerance system are different from those developed by genetically modified organism (GMO) system. The former stabilizes genetic balance of a pest and a host crop in nature while the latter destabilizes the genetic balance due to 100% control. For three decades, the author has implemented the tolerance system in breeding maize cultivars against various pests in both tropical and temperate environments. Parasitic weed Striga species known as the greatest biological problem in agriculture has even been controlled through this system. The final effect of the tolerance can be an integrated genetic pest management (IGPM) without any chemical uses and it makes co-survival of pests in nature.in nature.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.290-292
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• 2004

Heavy metal contamination has been increased in aqueous environments near many industrial facilities, such as metal plating facilities, mining operations, and tanneries. The soils in the vicinity of many military bases are also reported to be contaminated and pose a risk of groundwater and surface water contamination with heavy metals. The biological removal of metals through bioaccumulation has distinct advantages over conventional methods; the process rarely produces undesirable or deleterious chemical byproducts, it is highly efficient, easy to operate and cost-effective in the treatment of large volumes of wastewater containing toxic heavy metals. In addition, a recent development of molecular biology shed light on the enhancing the microorganism's natural remediation capability as well as improving the current biological treatment. In this study, characteristics of the cell growth and heavy metal accumulation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing phytochelatin syntahse (PCS) gene were studied in batch cultures. The AtCRFI gene was demonstrated to confer substantial increases in metal tolerance in yeast. PCS-expressing cells tolerated more Cd$^{2＋}$ than controls.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2019

In this paper, we have isolated six phenolic compounds, such as (+)-catechin (1), taxifolin (2), taxifolin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-(+)-xylose (3), quercetin (4), quercetin-3-O-${\alpha}$-L(+)-rhamnose (quercitrin) (5), apigenin-8-C-rhamnosyl-(1'''${\rightarrow}$2'')-glucoside (2''-O-rhamnosylvitexin) (6) from the EtOAc(Ethyl Acetate) and $H_2O$ soluble fractions of Japanese anise(Illicium anisatum L) leaves and twigs. Also, we have evaluated antioxidative and antiviral activity for each isolated compound. The antioxidative test was DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. According to the experimental results, all of the isolated compounds indicated the increased radical scavenging activities as the concentration increases and most of the isolated compounds indicated generally good antioxidative values compare to the controls, ascorbic acid and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. In the antiviral activities, all of the isolated compounds had no potentials in rhinovirus 1B (HRV 1B). But in enterovirus 71 (EV 71) and Influenza virus A/PR/8 (Influenza PR8), only quercetin (4) indicated the good antiviral activity compare to the control. Based on the above results, we found that the phenolic compounds of Japanese anise may be applied for one of the natural biomass sources that can be used as an antioxidant and an antiviral substance.