• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.1395-1404
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• 1993

Application of water-saving self-feeders can reduce water consumption of pigs by more than 50% . so the feeding-watering system one of the most important way of the reduction of the slurry. Bioactive deep litter housing can eliminate slurry. Matured urine, faeces and litter can use for the purposes of soil conditioning and fertilizing . Water-saving slurry handling technology can halve manure dilution so it can double the nutrient content of the slurry. By using of straw bale biofilter for reducing emissions of pig houses makes fattening of pigs possible close to populated area. Developed rate control system for slurry application make avoiding over-fertilization possible , can fulfill better the demand of nutrient of plants. By means of computer aided manure utilization system area distribution of soil characteristics can determinate . The system is suitable for planning the utilization of manure and slurry in environment -friendly way.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

A bio-encapsuled media was developed to apply on reducing odors produced from organic waste treatment process. The microorganism, candida tropicalis, was encapsulated in sponge media consisted of polyurethane material. Sodium alginate as a natural polymer which does not affect to hydrophilic microbes and PEGDA(poly ethylene glycol diacrylate) as a artificial polymer were used for the encapsuled media. The media was evaluated with TMEDA (N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, 0.02~0.1%) as a catalyst at different temperature 25 and $35^{\circ}C$. The best performance was achieved with 0.02% of TMEDA at $25^{\circ}C$. The microbes' activity in the media was examined by Live/Dead cell method.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.179-182
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• 2000

Toluene-degrading bacterium, Microbacterium esteraromaticum CS3-1 was isolated from the biofilter for the removal of BTEX. Microbacterium esteraromaticum CS3-1 was shown to utilize toluene as a primary carbon and energy source. Effect of mixed BTEX gases on toluene degradation rate by M. esteraromaticum CS3-1 was investigated in this study. Toluene degradation rate was 2.26(only toluene), 2.06(toluene+benzene), 2.57(toluene+ethylbenzene), and 4.74(toluene+xylene) mmole $toluene\;{\cdot}\;g-DCW^{-1}\;{\cdot}\;h^{-1}$. Toluene degradation rate was 2.26(only toluene), 1.23(toluene+benzene+ethylbenzene), 1.52 (toluene+ethylbenzene+xylene), and 1.76(toluene+benzene+ethylbenzene+xylene) mmole $toluene\;{\cdot}\;g-DCW^{-1}\;{\cdot}\;h^{-1}$. The presence of BTEX compounds over three mixtures had a negative effect on toluene degradation rate. Toluene degradation rates were enhanced by the presence of ethylbenzene or xylene, whereas the presence of benzene had a negative effect on toluene degradation rate in comparison with toluene degradation rate when only toluene is existent.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.281-286
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• 2005

Biofiltration is a biological process which is considered to be one of the more successful examples of biotechnological applications to environmental engineering, and is most commonly used in the removal of odoriferous compounds. In this study, we have attempted to assess the efficiency with which both single and complex odoriferous compounds could be removed, using one- or two-stage biofiltration systems. The complex gas removal scheme was applied with a 200 ppm inlet concentration of ethanol, 70 ppm of acetaldehyde, and 70 ppm of toluene with EBCT for 45 seconds in a one- or two-stage biofiltration system. The removal yield of toluene was determined to be lower than that of the other gases in the one-stage biofilter. Otherwise, the complex gases were sufficiently eliminated by the two-stage biofiltration system.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2000

An autotrophic sulfur oxidizer, Thiobacillus sp. ASWW-2, was isolated from activated sludge, and its sulfur oxidation activity was characterized. Thiobacillus sp. ASWW-2 could oxidize elemental sulfur on the broad range from pH 2 to 8. When 5-50 g/L of elemental sulfur was supplemented as a substrate, the growth and sulfur oxidation activity of Thiobacillus sp. ASWW-2 was not inhibited. The specific sulfur oxidation rate of strain ASWW-2 decreased gradually until sulfate was accumulated in medium up to 10 g/L. In the range of sulfate concentration from 10 g/L to 50 g/L, the sulfur oxidation rate could keep over $2.0g-S/g-DCW{\cdot}d$. It indicated that Thiobacillus sp. ASWW-2 has tolerance to high concentration of sulfate.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.206-209
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• 2004

MY microbial consortium were obtained from sludges of wastewater to degrade benzene effectively and Rhodococcus ruber DSM 43338T was identified as major microorganism. The fluidized bed biofilter including MY microbial consortium showed critical removal rate of benzene at 32 g/㎥ h, and maintained stable removal efficiency for 17 days of continuous operation.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2002

This paper was investigated to clarify the possibility of a biodegradation of materials adsorbed on different porous granular-activated carbons (GACs) such as coal-& coconut-based GAC. Total organic carbon, humic substance and ammonia were used to compare their removal efficiencies. The objective of this study is to determine the adsorption capacity of bioregenerated GAC. When raw water reacted with chloride, the yield of THMs increased as a function of the input amount of chloride. The formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) was investigated in water treated with chlorine when humic acid was used as THM precursor. As the input amount of chloride in raw water increased by two or five-fold to remove the $NH_3$, the chloroform of the THMs significantly increased also five or ten-fold. It was found that the chloroform was significantly removed by the treatment of biological activated carbon (BAG) in comparison with the ozone treatment, and the removal efficiency of THMs in coal-typed GAC was $10-30\%$ better than coconut-typed GAC due to the biological degradation on the surface of the activated carbons.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1247-1255
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• 2007

Soil biofiltration is an environmentally-sound technology for elimination of VOCs, odorous and $NO_X$ compounds from a low concentration, high volume waste gas streams because of its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. This study investigated the optimal mixture fraction of briquet ash, compost, soil and loess for $NO_X$ degradation. Extreme vertices design was used to examine the role of four components on $NO_X$ degradation. Under our experimental conditions, 74.5% of $NO_X$ degradation was observed, using a model mixture(25% briquet ash, 10% compost, 30% soil and 40% loess) containing 100 ppb of NO. It was shown that experimental design analysis could allow selecting optimal conditions in such biodegradation processes in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.889-896
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• 2013

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) have been interested for removing micropollutants in water. Most of water treatment plants (WTPs) located along the lower part of Nakdong River have adopted the $O_3/BAC$ process and have interesting in peroxone process a kind of AOP. This study evaluated the removal characteristics of residual hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) combining with the biofiltration process in the next BAC process when the hydrogen peroxide is applied for the WTP operating $O_3/BAC$ process. In the experiment, changing the temperature and the concentration of $H_2O_2$ of influent, the biofiltration process showed rapidly dropped the biodegradability when the $H_2O_2$ concentration was increased and lowered water temperature while BAC process maintained relatively stable efficiency. The influent fixed at $20^{\circ}C$ and the concentration of $H_2O_2$ at 300 mg/L was continuously input for 78 hours. Most of the $H_2O_2$ in the influent did not remove at the biofiltration process controlled 5 to 15 minutes EBCT condition after 24~71 hours operating time while BAC process controlled 5 to 15 minutes EBCT showed 38~91% removal efficiency condition after 78 hours operating time. Besides, after 78 hours continuously input experiment, the biomass and activity of attached bacterial on the biofilter and BAC were $6.0{\times}10^4CFU/g$, $0.54mg{\cdot}C/m^3{\cdot}hr$ and $0.4{\times}10^8CFU/g$, $1.42mg{\cdot}C/m^3{\cdot}hr$ respectively. These biomass and activity values were decreased 99% and 72% in biofilter and 68% and 53% in BAC compared with initial condition. The biodegradation rate constant ($k_{bio}$) and half-life ($t_{1/2}$) in BAC were decreased from $1.173min^{-1}$ to $0.183min^{-1}$ and 0.591 min to 3.787 min respectively according to increasing the $H_2O_2$ concentration from 10 mg/L to 300 mg/L at $5^{\circ}C$ water temperature and the $k_{bio}$ and $t_{1/2}$ were $1.510min^{-1}$ to $0.498min^{-1}$ and 0.459 min to 1.392 min at $25^{\circ}C$ water temperature. By increasing the water temperature from $5^{\circ}C$ to $15^{\circ}C$ or $25^{\circ}C$, the $k_{bio}$ were increased 1.1~2.1 times and 1.3~4.4 times. If a water treatment plant operating $O_3/BAC$ process is considering the hydrogen peroxide for the peroxone process, post BAC could effectively decrease the residual $H_2O_2$, moreover, in case of spilling the $H_2O_2$ into the water process line, these spilled $H_2O_2$ concentration can be able to decrease by increasing the EBCT at the BAC process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.184-191
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• 2007

Coal-, coconut- and wood-based activated carbons and anthracite were tested for an adsorption and biodegradation performances of nitrogenous chlorinated by-products such as chloropicrin, DCAN, DBAN and TCAN. In early stage of operations, an adsorption performance was a main mechanism for removal of nitrogenous chlorinated by-products, however as increasing populations of attached bacteria, the bacteria played a major role in removing nitrogenous chlorinated by-products in the activated carbon and anthracite biofilter. It was also investigated that the compounds were readily subjected to biodegrade. Whilst the coal- and coconut-based activated carbons were found most effective in adsorption of the compounds, the anthracite was worst in adsorption of the compounds. Highest populations and activity of attached bacteria were shown in the coal-based activated carbon. The populations and activity of attached bacteria decreased in the order: coconut-based activated carbon > wood-based activated carbon > anthracite. The attached bacteria were inhibited for removal of the compounds at temperatures below $10^{\circ}C$. The attached bacteria were more active at higher water temperatures$(20^{\circ}C\;<)$ but less active at love. water temperature$(10^{\circ}C\;>)$. The removal efficiencies of the compounds obtained using coal-, coconut- and wood-based activated carbons and anthracite were directly related to the water temperatures. In particular, water temperature was the most important factor for removal of the compounds in the anthracite biofilter because the removal of the compounds depended mainly on biodegradation. Therefore, the main removal mechanism of the compounds the main mechanism on the removal of the compounds using activated carbon was both adsorption and biodegradation by the attached bacteria. The observation suggests that using coal-based activated carbon is the best for removal of nitrogenous chlorinated by-products in the water treatment.