• 월간포장계
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• 통권263호
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• pp.52-66
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• 2015

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of single and combined applications of fluoride on the amount of fluoride release, and the remineralization and physical properties of enamel. Materials and Methods: Each of four fluoride varnish and gel products (Fluor Protector, FP, Ivoclar Vivadent; Tooth Mousse Plus, TM, GC; 60 Second Gel, A, Germiphene; CavityShield, CS, 3M ESPE) and two fluoride solutions (2% sodium fluoride, N; 8% tin(ii) fluoride, S) were applied on bovine teeth using single and combined methods (10 per group), and then the amount of fluoride release was measured for 4 wk. The electron probe microanalysis and the Vickers microhardness measurements were conducted to assess the effect of fluoride application on the surface properties of bovine teeth. Results: The amount of fluoride release was higher in combined applications than in single application (p < 0.05). Microhardness values were higher after combined applications of N with FP, TM, and CS than single application of them, and these values were also higher after combined applications of S than single application of A (p < 0.05). Ca and P values were higher in combined applications of N with TM and CS than single application of them (p < 0.05). They were also increased after combined applications of the S with A than after single application (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Combined applications of fluoride could be used as a basis to design more effective methods of fluoride application to provide enhanced remineralization.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.348-354
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• 2015

Experiments for catch and cluster analysis on the catch by gillnet for the Pacific herring were conducted using traditional nylon net (PA) and developing biodegradable net (PBS) with different monofilaments of #2 (=0.23 mm) and #3 (=0.28 mm) in diameter between 2011 and 2012, and of #2, #2.5 and #3 in 2013 in the eastern coastal waters of Samcheok, Korea. The total catch during the experiments was 3,337kg in weight and 16,757 individuals in number. Though the catch ratio of the Pacific herring in 2011 and 2012 was 97.4% and 98.7%, respectively, that of the Pacific herring in 2013 was 73.6% as the biggest and followed by goldeye rockfish (8.6%), black edged sculpin (8.4%), atka mackerel (7.2%) and Alaska cod (1.0%). The ANOVA analysis on the total catch in relation to net material showed that there was not statistically significant difference at the 5% level between nylon net (PA) and biodegradable net (PBS) (p=0.91). With the cluster analysis on the catch in relation to net material (PA, PBS) and twine thick (#2, #3), it showed the influence of net material on the catch was greater than that of twine diameter in this experiment. From the test of homogeneity on the catch by the gillnet with PA and PBS in which several species were caught in 2013, there was not statistically significant homogeneity in relation to net material (p<0.005). That meant the traditional gillnet of nylon (PA) was more efficient than the biodegradable (PBS) gillnet to catch several kinds of fish, however the PBS gillnet was better than the PA gillnet to catch the target Pacific herring.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.525-530
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• 1997

생분해성 포장재질에 대한 달걀의 기능성 변화를 알아보기 위해 달걀의 저장중 pH변화, 파손강도 및 응력완화현상을 측정하고 무포장 및 복합 필름에 포장한 달걀과 비교하였다. 생분해성 포장재질을 달걀에 사용한 경우 pH는 초기 8.39에서 최종 pH 9.3으로 최종 pH 9.48을 보인 무포장의 경우와 유사한 pH변화를 보이며, 파손강도의 변화에 있어서도 초기 14.25 N에서 생분해성 포장재질로 포장한 경우 6.76 N, 무포장의 경우 9.31 N의 변화를 보였다. 생분해성 포장재질이나 무포장에 비해 공기투과도가 상대적으로 무척 낮은 복합 필름 포장재를 사용한 경우는 저장이 진행됨에 따라 pH는 8.39에서 8.81로 적은 변화량을 보였으나 파손 강도값은 14.25 N에서 5.29 N으로 크게 감소하는 것으로 보아 달걀내부의 물성학적 기능이 크게 저하됨을 보여주었다. 내부조직변화를 감지할 수 있는 응력완화 현상을 측정하여 3-elements Maxwell model에 적용하고 구하여진 점탄성의 값을 비교시 무포장한 달걀과 생분해성 포장재를 사용한 경우에는 큰 차이가 없었으나 복합 필름 포장재의 경우에는 저장이 진행됨에 따라 그 기능이 현저하게 떨어짐을 보여주었으며 따라서, 달걀의 기능성 변화를 살펴볼 때 공기 및 수분투과도가 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 생분해성 포장재질의 많은 인장력 증가가 현 단계에서 요구되나 환경적인 문제를 고려할 때 기존의 달걀 포장재인 PE포장재의 대체품으로서 사용 가능성이 긍정적으로 여겨진다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2017

본 연구는 하수슬러지의 혐기소화 효율 향상을 위하여 유기물 가용화를 위한 수열탄화 최적 온도조건을 규명하고자 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, $220^{\circ}C$의 수열탄화 반응에서 생성된 수열탄화액의 메탄퍼텐셜을 분석하였으며, 병열 1차 반응식(Parallel first order kinetics model)을 적용하여 수열탄화액의 유기물을 이분해성, 분해저항성, 난분해성 유기물로 분획하여 유기물의 구성 특성을 추정하였다. 하수슬러지의 누적 메탄생산곡선은 회분식 혐기반응기 운전 후기까지 지속적으로 증가하는 양상을 보였으며 병열 1차 반응식을 적용하여 합리적인 최종메탄퍼텐셜($B_u$)의 분석이 가능하였다. 하수슬러지 수열탄화액의 최종 메탄퍼텐셜은 수열탄화온도가 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, $220^{\circ}C$로 증가함에 따라 각각 0.39, 0.39, 0.40, 0.44, 0.45, $0.46Nm^3/kg-VS_{added}$로 증가하였으며, 수열탄화 반응온도의 상승은 하수슬러지의 유기물을 가용화 시켜 생분해성 유기물($VS_B$)의 함량을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이분해성 유기물($VS_e$) 함량은 수열탄화 반응온도 $200{\sim}210^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높게 나타나 하수슬러지의 유기물 가용화를 위한 최적 수열탄화 반응온도는 $200{\sim}210^{\circ}C$의 범위로 나타났다. 또한 수열탄화 반응으로 얻어지는 하수슬러지 수열탄화액에서 생분해성 유기물($VS_B$)과 이분해성 유기물($VS_e$)의 양은 수열탄화 반응온도 $200^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높게 나타나 $200^{\circ}C$의 수열탄화 반응온도가 하수슬러지의 가용화에 최적 온도조건으로 판단되었다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.113-116
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• 2014

Power transformer insulation oil is critical to the useful life of the transformer. Although mineral base insulation oil is the most common type of transformer insulation oil in use, environmental and safety concerns has encouraged the development of biodegradable alternatives. Today, $Envirotemp^{(R)}\;FR3^{TM}$ is in commercial use and this study is aimed at ascertaining the possibility of applying the oil in Malaysia power transformers. A sample of $Envirotemp^{(R)}\;FR3^{TM}$ was tested to measure and compare the technical (including electrical, chemical and physical) properties of the oil according to Malaysian standards. The study found that the oil sample had better qualities, such as higher dielectric strength, lower dissipation factor, higher flash and fire points, higher moisture absorption capability, and less dissolved gases composition amongst others. However, it was also ascertained that further development in this area could be hindered due to Malaysia's lack of standards for biodegradable oil.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.506-514
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• 2020

The current study stresses on the reuse of waste lignocellulose biomass (rice husk and sugarcane bagasse) for the synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and further conversion of this CMC into a biodegradable film. Addition of commercial starch was done to form biodegradable film due to its capacity to form a continuous matrix. Plasticizers such as Glycerol and citric acid were used to provide flexibility and strength to the film. Biopolymer film obtained from sugarcane bagasse CMC showed maximum tensile strength and elongation in comparison to the film synthesized from commercial CMC and CMC obtained from rice husk. It has been observed that an increase in sodium glycolate/NaCl content in CMC imposed an adverse effect on tensile strength. Opacity, moisture content, and solubility of the film increased with a rise in the degree of substitution of CMC. Therefore, CMC obtained from sugarcane bagasse was better candidate in preparing biopolymer/biocomposite film.

• 폴리머
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.532-537
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• 2006

최근 환경문제가 대두되면서 기존의 석유계 플라스틱을 대체할 생분해성 플라스틱에 관심이 고조되고 잇다. 이에 본 실험에서는 토양에서 생분해가 가능한 셀룰로오스 디아세테이트/전분 혼합체를 제조하여 그 특성을 연구하였다. 이 혼합체에 가소제로 트리아세틴을 첨가하여 용융가공한 복합체의 물성을 조사하였다. 전분의 함량이 증가할수록 이 복합체의 가공성이 향상되며 인장강도와 탄성률은 감소하고 신율은 증가하였다. 전분의 함량이 증가하면 복합체의 $T_g$는 감소하였다. SEM을 이용하여 전분의 복합체내에서의 분산성을 관찰하였다.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표회요약집
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• pp.441-441
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• 2001

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2005

It is generally known that paper industry is the second largest industry in the use of process water, and also have the highest environmental impact load in the contaminant sources. Paper is produced from the mixtures composed of 1% fibrous raw materials and 99% water. The optimum use of process water effects on the quality properties of paper and the environmental impact load of waste water treatment. In this research, the kinds of fibrous raw material & additives used in the paperboard production line were investigated, and the quantification of environmental loads and the environmental effects of process water on COD potential were evaluated. The NBDCODs were also analyzed from process water by the method of waste water treatment in paper mill and applied for the optimum use of recycling water, and zero effluent process. In the fibrous raw materials, KOCC caused the highest COD potentials, and sack paper & UKP was comparatively low. The NBDCOD of KOCC largely reduced after biological treatment because of easily biodegradable properties, but AOCC contained non-biodegradable materials. In chemical additives, COD was high in turns of rosin>starch>deaeration agent>dye, NBDCOD greatly reduced in starch and deaeration agent. In the case of 2 kinds of paperboard product, the COD potentials was mainly high in starch, AOCC and KOCC.