• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

Ecophysiologically diapause represents a syndrome of physiological and biochemical characteristics, all of which ensure survival during a long period of dormancy. Since, silkworm enters diapause as embryo at the early embryonic stage, the duration of egg life depends on the duration of embryonic diapause. The nature of diapause in silkworm, Bombyx mori, is primarily determined by genetic characters and endocrinologicnl mechanisms, mediated by environmental factors such as temperature and photoperiod. Hibernating potency value besides nucleic acid and carbohydrate metabolism, production and utilization of sorbitol are also equally responsible for induction, initiation, determination, maintenance and termination of diapause. Embryonic diapause in Bombyx moir, induced by active secretion of sub-oesophageal ganglion is attributed to hormonal system and metabolic adjustment, which serves to bring about a new physiological state. Metabolic conversion of trehalose to glycogen at induction, glycogen to sorbitol at initiation and sorbitol to glycogen at termination of diapause is correlated and in each metabolic shift a key enzyme becomes active in response to hormonal and environmental stimulation. An attempt has been made in this review article to discuss briefly the nature of embryonic diapause, influence of various factors on diapause nature, hormonal mechanism of diapause besides biochemical composition of egg, nucleic acid and carbohydrate metabolism, production and utilization of sorbitol in relation to induction, determination, maintenance, initiation and termination of diapause in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.261-269
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• 2021

Because sows are industrially vital for swine production, monitoring for their health or disorder status is important to ensure high reproductive performance. Especially, ambient temperature changes in different season, especially during summer, are directly influenced to the reproductive performance of sows. Although the serum biochemical parameters are widely applied in the veterinary medicine with wide ranges for the physiological process, the values are also influenced by several factors such as age, breed, gender, and stress. In addition, domestic sows in Korea-specific reference interval (RI) for serum biochemistry has not been established yet. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate seasonal variation of RIs in the serum biochemistry in domestic sows in Korea at different seasons and to establish normal RIs using a RI finding program (Reference Value Advisor). Significant difference (p < 0.05) on the different seasons were identified in several serum biochemical parameters including BUN, CRE, GGT, GLU, ALB, TP, LDH and Na in sows. Therefore, we further established RIs, specific in domestic sows in Korea regardless of season. The established RIs based on the serum biochemical values provide a baseline for interpreting biochemical results in the domestic sows in Korea, regardless of seasonal effect. It may contribute to develop a strategy for better reproductive performance by improving breeding management practice and evaluating health of pig herds, which facilitate to avert the economic loss in summer infertility in sows.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.271-278
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• 2020

Glycerol dehydrogenase (GlyDH) catalyzes the oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone (DHA), which is the first step in the glycerol metabolism pathway. GlyDH has attracted great interest for its potential industrial applications, since DHA is a precursor for the synthesis of many commercially valuable chemicals and various drugs. In this study, GlyDH from Klebsiella pneumoniae (KpGlyDH) was overexpressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity for biochemical and molecular characterization. KpGlyDH exhibits an exclusive preference for NAD⁺ over NADP⁺. The enzymatic activity of KpGlyDH is maximal at pH 8.6 and pH 10.0. Of the three common polyol substrates, KpGlyDH showed the highest k_cat/K_m value for glycerol, which is three times higher than for racemic 2,3-butanediol and 32 times higher than for ethylene glycol. The k_cat value for glycerol oxidation is notably high at 87.1 ± 11.3 sec^-1. KpGlyDH was shown to exist in an equilibrium between two different oligomeric states, octamer and hexadecamer, by size-exclusion chromatography analysis. KpGlyDH is structurally thermostable, with a T_m of 83.4℃, in thermal denaturation experiment using circular dichroism spectroscopy. The biochemical and biophysical characteristics of KpGlyDH revealed in this study should provide the basis for future research on its glycerol metabolism and possible use in industrial applications.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.227-240
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• 2024

Trees improve air quality through the accumulation of air pollutants in their leaves; however, the responses of different tree species to air pollution varies. Hence, this study evaluated the responses to air pollution of selected tree species in the Swamp Forest Research Station, Onne. Ten tree species (Cola pachycarpa, Khaya grandifoliolia, Irvingia gabonensis, Garcinia kola, Chrysophyllum albidum, Treculia africana, Dacryodes edulis, Tectonia grandis, Gmelina aborea, and Nauclea diderrichii) were selected based on their abundance in the area. Leaves were collected from all sides in 3 replicates for each tree species. Laboratory analysis was carried out using standard procedures. Portable Multi Gas Detector was used to determine the concentrations of air pollutants. One-way analysis of variance was employed to test for significant difference (p≤0.05) in biochemical parameters among the tree species while Pearson's correlation was utilized to determine the level of association between different biochemical parameters and APTI; heavy metals and APTI. Results showed high concentration of PM₁₀, CO, moderate concentration of NO₂, PM_2.5, and VOC, and low concentration of ground O₃. Heavy metals - Cadmium, Mercury, Lead, Nickel and Copper were all present in the tree species at varying rates. There were significant differences in the biochemical parameters and APTI values. C. pachycarpa exhibited the highest APTI value (89.88), while D. edulis had the lowest APTI value (8.24). C. pachycarpa, K. grandifoliolia, C. albidum, G. kola, T. africana, and N. diderrichii were identified as tolerant tree species to air pollution. G. aborea, T. grandis, and I. gabonensis were considered intermediate tolerant species, while D. edulis was the only tree species sensitive to air pollution. Ascorbic Acid, Chlorophyll, Hg and Ni had positive correlations with APTI; Cd and Cu had negative association with APTI at the 0.05 significance level. C. pachycarpa, T. africana, K. grandifoliolia, C. albidum, N. diderrichii and G. kola, are recommended for planting in pollution-prone areas.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2010

O/W emulsions were prepared with the phase inversion emulsification methods. The emulsifiers were used the UNIQ-1 (isopropylamine alkyl aryl sulphonate) and UNIQ-2 (alkoxylated glycol ether). Investigated effect that HLB value, agitator velocity and manufacture temperature get in mean particle size of emulsions. Mean particle size receives much effect of HLB value. Also, estimated stability about storage temperature and light. Emulsion's mean particle size was 193 nm lastly, reduced VOC amount used 90% than existing alkyd resin.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 1990

The aim of this experiment is to observe the toxicity of cypermethrin[S, R- -cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(1R, 1s, cis, trans)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl) cyclopropane carboxylate]and to investigate the synergistic effect of piperonyl butoxide on the cypermethrin toxicity. In cypermethrin (CYP) treated group, the biochemical parameters such as ALT, LDH, glucose in serum were remarkably elevated. The content of cytochrome P-450 and activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in renal microsomal fraction were increased but those in hepatic microsomal fraction were not significantly increased. The activity of aniline hydroxylase and ATPase in liver were decreased. In the case of CYP plus piperonyl butoxide (PB) treated group, AST, ALT, LDH and glucose were more increased. Cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in liver and kidney were supressed and aniline hydroxylase and ATPase in liver were more decreased. Especially, in the case of CYP plus PB 100 mg/kg treated group, hepatic TBA value was increased but activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was remarkably depressed.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.406-412
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• 2012

The polymorphism (insertion, I or deletion, D) of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene is designated as the presence of a 287 bp Alu repeat. The D/D homozygote carrier is associated with high ACE activity, and this high activity has been implicated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, or diabetic nephropathy. We studied the clinical candidate marker in ACE gene polymorphism using chemical and hematological analysis. The subjects are divided into normotensive and hypertensive groups and ACE genotype in the group was confirmed by PCR method. Chemical analysis was preceded with Hitachi7060, and hematological analysis was performed using Mythic 22. In 116 targeted people, 17 (38.64%) of 44 I/I genotype group are hypertension, 15 (34.09%) in 44 with D/I, but, D/D type in the 28 cases is 15 patients (53.57%) in hypertension. In hypertension group, biochemical analysis (triglyceride, and alkaline phosphatase) and hematological analysis (white blood cell, platelet) are showed high value in D/D genotype of ACE gene. The relationship between hypertension and ACE genotype is the same results as previously reported and we thought that the high laboratory value of white blood cell, platelet, triglycerides, and alkaline phosphatase are also indicator of hypertension in D/D type of ACE.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.327-332
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• 1975

Parasitological and biochemical studies for 82 heads (12.2%) showing sterility syndrom out of 672 heads of Korean native cattle were undertaken by analysis of blood values for their contents and examination of their vaginal swabs for Tritrichomonas foetus 1. Tritrichomonas infection of Korean cattle revealed 7 positive cases (8.54%) out of 82 infertile heads. 2. Contents of their serum protean, carotenoid, vitamin A and phosphorus were determined in summer and winter season and the following results were obtained. a) In summer season, average blood value of 30 cattle showing sterility syndrom were determined as protein 7.52g/100ml, carotenoid 165.1g/100ml, vitamin A 173.9 IU/100ml and phosphorus 7.48mg/100ml, respectively. b) In winter. season, average blood value of 52 cattle showing sterility syndrom were determined as protein 7.76g/100ml, carotenoid 413.3g/100ml, vitamin A 174,3 IU/100ml and phosphorus 7.54mg/100ml, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.494-500
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• 2004

In order to investigate the effect on morphology of Rhizopus oryzae and production of lactic acid, various interface materials were used. Morphology of fungal showed sheet and flock when resin was added. The production of lactic acid was increased dramatically when interface materials were added. Furthermore, the effect of resin was more significant than that of others. It was assumed that interface materials could absorb substrate and microorganism together, so microorganism was not inhibited by substrate. The effect of static electric field on the interface culture was studied. When the exerting potential was 6.78 voltage, the biomass y was obviously higher than that of zero voltage. A simulated gas-solid interface system was developed to study the growth and two phases model for the growth of Rhizopus oryzae was build up that depended on the symmetric branching theory. An important parameter F was researched. The results indicated that the value of F had obvious difference at exponential and deceleration period, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.991-995
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• 2004

Immobilized sensor spots were applied for online measurement of dissolved $O_2$, in test tubes. Oxygen transport was quantified at varied shaking frequency and filling volumes. The k$_{L}$ a increased with increasing shaking frequency and decreasing filling volume. In non-baffled tubes the maximum $k_{L}a$ value was $70h^{-1}$, equivalent to a maximum $O_2$ transfer capacity of 15mMh^{-1}$. Monitoring of the hydrodynamic profile revealed that the liquid bulk rotated inside the tube with an inclined liquid surface, whereby the angle between the surface and tube wall increased with increasing shaking frequency. The $k_{L}a$ clearly correlated to the surface area. Placement of four baffles into the tubes improved the oxygen transfer up to 3-fold. The highest increase in $k_{L}a$ was observed at high filling volume and high shaking frequency. The maximum $k_{L}a$ in baffled tubes was $100 h^{-1}$.