• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2002

The vitamin $B_{6}$ status of 49 healthy college student (women, aged 20-26 y) was estimated for evaluation of vitamin $B_{6}$ status and the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin $B_{6}$. The average daily vitamin $B_{6}$ intake of the subjects was 0.86 $\pm$ 0.289 mg/d or 61.43 $\pm$ 24.10% of Korean RDA. The average ratio of vitamin $B_{6}$ intake to daily protein intake was 0.014 $\pm$ 0.003 mg/g protein. Foods from animal and plaint sources provided 34.25 $\pm$ 18.62% and 65.78 $\pm$ 18.72%, respectively, of total vitamin $B_{6}$. Plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) concentration was significantly (p<.01 - p<.001) positively correlated to intakes of all other nutrients except vitamin C. However, no significant correlation was found between plasma PLP and nutrient intake. Vitamin $B_{6}$ intake only tended to have a positive correlation with plasma PLP concentration. Plasma total cholesterol was correlated to plasma PLP concentration (p<.05). Plasma PLP had no correlation with levels of glucose, triglyceride, and albumin. These results confirm that the present Korea RDA for vitamin $B_{6}$ of 1.4mg/d based on 0.02 mg/g protein is adequate.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2003

Possible correlations between nutrient intake add health status-as assessed by anthropometric measurements, physical performance and biochemical measurements-were investigated, using 514 healthy young men aged 20 years old who had no apparent health problems. The intakes of nutrients were estimated using a three-day dietary recall method. Height and body weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Physical performance was tested using sit-ups, push-ups, a loom sprint and a 1,500m run. When compared with the Korean recommended dietary allowances (Korean RDA), the subjects nutrient intakes were adequate except for calcium. The intake of calcium was 516.66$\pm$293.43mg/day, which is 73.80 % of the Korean RDA. The subjects averaged 174.51$\pm$7.07cm in height, 68.17$\pm$9.25 kg in body weight and 22.23$\pm$2.16 in BMI. The associations between nutrient intakes and anthropometric measurements, and between nutrient intakes and physical performance, were weak. The intake of vegetable fat was positively correlated to body weight, whereas the intake of carbohydrate was negatively correlated to BMI. The intake of carbohydrate was positively correlated to the level of performance in the loom sprint, and the intake of vegetable Int was positively correlated to the level of performance of sit-ups. No correlation was found between nutrient intakes and the following biochemical measurements of the blood: the levels of glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, hemoglobin and hematocrit. These results suggest that anthropometric measurements and level of physical performance can be associated with energy nutrient intakes, even in moderately active, well-nourished, young men. No correlation was found between nutrient intake and biochemical measurements, probably because all subjects had a reasonably well-balanced diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.617-623
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• 2006

The mortality and morbidity rate of hemodialysis patients (HD) remain high. Among many factors, protein and calorie malnutrition has been shown to be a major risk factor for increased mortality in the HD patients population. Malnutrition can be caused by insufficient amino acid intake, nutrient losses in dialysate, oxidant stress and muscle catabolism. In this study, we evaluated the association of markers of nutritional status and essential amino acids intake in HD patients. We investigated nutritional status of 41 HD patients (mean age: $64.2\;{\pm}\;11.5\;y$, men: 24, women: 27) by measuring anthropometric, biochemical parameters and food intakes by using 24 hr recall methods. Subject's total energy intake and total protein intake were $1,648.0\;{\pm}\;397.31\;kcal/day,\;79.2\;{\pm}\;27.2\;g/day$:, respectively. The animal protein intake was $42.7\;{\pm}\;22.1\;g/day$, essential amino acids intake was $23.4\;{\pm}\;9.92\;g/day$, and the ratio of essential amino acids to total protein intake was $29.6\;{\pm}\;5.42%$. There were significantly positive correlation between muscle mass and lean body mass with serum creatinine level (r=0.435, p<0.01; r=0.435, p<0,01). There were also significant positive correlation in muscle mass and lean body mass with pre hemodialysis blood urea nitrogen (preHD BUN) (r=0.329, p<0.05; r=0.329, p<0.05). There were no significant correlation in total energy intake and total protein intake per kg ideal body weight (IBW) to muscle mass and lean body mass. However, there were significantly positive correlation between the ratio of essential amino acids and muscle mass and lean body mass (r=0.368, p<0.05; r=0.405, p<0.01). And serum hematocrit concentration was positively correlated with the ratio of essential amino acids (r=0.032, p<0.05). The results of this study indicate that strong associations exist in essential amino acid intakes with malnutrition than total protein intakes in HD patient. In conclusion, specialized nutrition education should be necessary to efficiently improve the quality of protein intakes.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2017

Malnutrition is common and the major risk factor of mortality of end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The aim of this study is to assess nutritional status of malnutrition patients on dialysis by various methods and compare nutritional parameters of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients with hemodialysis patients. 137 patients on dialysis from April 2009 to July 2013 were enrolled. Nutritional parameters of 66 CAPD and 71 hemodialysis patients were investigated by anthropometry, biochemical study, diet analysis and questionnaires. Malnutrition patients were selected by body mass index (BMI), serum albumin and pre-albumin based on International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) diagnostic criteria for protein-energy wasting and compared with non-malnutrition patients. In comparison of CAPD and hemodialysis patients, most anthropometric values showed no significant difference except total body water (TBW). TBW was lower in CAPD patients (P=0.024). Although serum albumin was slightly higher in hemodialysis patients (P=0.047), pre-albumin were significantly higher in CAPD patients (P=0.000). Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was higher in hemodialysis patients (P=0.000). In diet analysis, Total calorie (P=0.000) and total cholesterol (P=0.012) intakes were higher in CAPD patients. Mean subjective global assessment (SGA) grade was higher in CAPD patients (P=0.003). Several nutritional parameters of CAPD patients were better than hemodialysis patients implying more intensive therapeutic approach may be needed for hemodialysis patients. We have to understand multiple factors contributing malnutrition of ESRD patients and individualized therapeutic approach is needed.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.493-501
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of iron of the elderly residing in the Jeonju area. The anthropometric parameters, nutrient intake and biochemical status of iron, were measured for 60 korean elderly(23 elderly men and 37 elderly women aged 60 - 79 years old). The level of hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrint(Hct), serum iron(Fe), total iron binding capacity(TIBC) and serum ferritin(Ferritin) were measured and transferrin saturation(TFsaturation) was calculated. Mean values of Hb, Hct, Fe, TIBC, TFsaturation and Ferritin were 14.49$\pm$0.93g/이, 42.47$\pm$2.59%, 125.48$\pm$52,.46$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 338.13$\pm$45.92$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 193.00$\pm$125.03$\mu\textrm{g}$/l in elderly men and 12.82$\pm$0.99$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 37.66$\pm$2.90%, 100.08$\pm$42.82$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, 356.41$\pm$54.65$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, and 99.35$\pm$117.22$\mu\textrm{g}$/l in elderly women, respectively. Prevalence of iron deficiency varied greatly with biochemical indices of iron. It was 13.0% when judged by Fe(60 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl) and TFsaturation(15%) whereas 34.78% by Hct(41%) in elderly men. However 13.5% of the elderly women showed iron depletion(Ferritin<20$\mu\textrm{g}$/l) and 43.2% showed suppressed erythropoiesis with iron deficiency(TIBC>360$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl). The anemic subjects assessed with TFsaturation(<15%) represented 13.5% of the elderly women, whereas 18.9% of the subjects possessed less than 12g/dl of Hb. The Hb concentration was positively correlated with Hct(r=0.980, p<0.001), Fe(r=0.384, p<0.01) and TFsaturation(r=0.349, p<0.01). On the other hand, Ferritin concentration showed a significantly negative correlation with TIBC(r=0.349, p<0.05) and a positive correlation with TFsaturation(r=0.362, p<0.01). Major food groups of iron intake in the elderly were vegetables, cereals, and fish. The mean daily intake of iron was not significantly different between elderly men and women(12.82mg vs 10.35mg). Intake of heme iron however, was significantly higher(p<0.01) in elderly men(1.03mg) than women(0.42mg). Total absorbable iron caculated by the method of Monsen was 0.55mg, 0.40mg in elderly men and women, respectively and bioavailability of dietary iron 4.29% and 3.87%.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2015

본 연구는 지속적 신대체요법을 받은 급성 신손상 환자 239명을 대상으로 영양공급 충족률이 환자의 임상적인 결과에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였으며 대상자의 영양요구량 및 실제공급량을 조사하여 영양공급 충족률에 따른 임상결과를 비교하였다. 대상자의 평균 에너지 충족률이 68.06%, 평균 단백질 충족률이 43.13%로 나타났고 체중 당 에너지 공급량은 16.62 kcal/kg/일, 단백질 공급량은 0.63 g/kg/일로 지침에서 권장하는 요구량에 미치지 못하는 수준이었다. 에너지 충족률 70%, 단백질 충족률 50% 기준으로 두 군간 임상결과의 차이를 관찰한 결과 에너지 충족률이 높은 군에서 총 재원일수, 중환자실 재원일수와 지속적 신대체요법 적용일수, APACHE II score가 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 분석되었고 단백질 충족률이 높은 군에서는 총 재원일수, 중환자실 재원일수, 지속적 신대체요법 적용일수, APACHE II score 이외에 사망률도 유의하게 감소한 것으로 분석되었다. 생화학적 검사 결과의 경우 에너지 충족률 70% 이상 충족군에서는 헤마토크릿 수치가, 단백질 충족률 50% 이상 충족군에서는 총 임파구수, 헤마토크릿 수치가 유의하게 개선된 것으로 나타났다. 사망환자를 제외하고 영양공급량과 임상결과를 나타내는 항목의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 에너지 공급량과 중환자실 재원일수가 의미 있는 음의 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났으며 영양공급량과 생화학적 검사 결과의 상관관계를 파악한 결과 에너지 공급량에 따라서는 유의한 상관계수가 도출되지 않았고 단백질 공급량과는 따라서는 헤마토크릿과 칼슘이 유의한 양의 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 영양공급 충족률이 높은 군에서 임상적인 결과 및 영양상태와 관련한 생화학적 검사결과가 개선되는 것으로 나타나 요구량에 적정한 영양공급이 환자의 치료에 긍정적인 영향을 준다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 위해서 의료진의 타당한 영양처방이 중요하겠으며 영양지원의 체계적인 관리를 위해 다학제적인 접근과 함께 영양공급의 적정성을 지속적으로 모니터링하는 것이 중요하겠다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to assess the iron nutritional status and dietary iron availability of postmenopausal women residing in Jeonju area. The anthropometric parameters, nutrient intake and biochemical status of iron were measured from 57 postmenopausal women aged 50∼74 years old. Mean values of hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrit(Hct), serum iron(Fe), total iron binding capacity(TIBC) and serum ferritin(Ferritin) concentration were 12.82${\pm}$1.03g/dl, 37.68${\pm}$2.99%, 92.60${\pm}$46.66ug/dl, 353.0${\pm}$54.48ug/dl, 86.86${\pm}$100.7ug/ιrespectively. Prevalence of iron deficiency greatly varied by indices from 14.04% when judged by Ferritin(<20ug/ι) to 40.4% by TIBC(>360${\mu}$g/dl. The anemic subjects assessed with Hct percent(36%) represented 22.8%, whereas 21.1% of the subjects possessed less than 12g/dl of Hb. Ferritin concentration showed a significantly negative correlation with TIBC(r=-0.343, p<0.01) and a positive correlation with MCHC(r=0.361, p<0.01). The mean daily intake of iron was 10.62mg and intake of heme iron was 5.3%(0.56mg) of total iron intake. Total absorbable iron caculated by the method of Monsen was 0.49mg anti bioavailability of dietary iron was 4.61%. Ferritin Concentration was positively associated with total iron intake(r=0.264, p<0.05), dietary nonheme iron(r=0.286, p<0.05) and iron of animal food (r=0.364, p<0.01). But Ferritin concentration was not correlated dietary heme iron(r=-0.137, p>0.05). Major food groups of iron intake were vegetables(20.15%), cereals(19.59%) and fishes(12.34%) in postmenopausal women. Intake of eggs was positively associated with Ferritin(r=0.473, p<0.01).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.98-106
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• 1982

This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional status of physically handicapped children with cerebral palsy in order to contribute to their welfare by studying their healthy status, nutrient intake, daily energy expenditure, and living environment. The survey was conducted at two rehabilitation institutions from May 25 to June 30, 1981. A special questionnaire was designed to investigate the living environment. The 24 hr. recall method was used in evaluation the nutrient intake of 67 children. Anthropometric measurement was made of height, weight, chestgirth, upper-arm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness. The biochemical status of the children with cerebral palsy was assessed with measurement of hemoglobin and hematocrit. The results may be summarized as follows : 1. The children with cerebral palsy, the intakes of all nutrients except vitamin A, thiamin, and ascorbic acid were lower than Korean recommend dietary allowances (1980). They had significantly higher intakes of vitamin A and calcium than the normal children, but the calcium intake was low as 62% of the Korea RDA. 2. All the children with cerebral palsy were very short and low weight in comparison with the accepted standards, but chestgirth was above the accepted standards for Korean school children. 3. The average hemoglobin value was 12.2gm%, hematocrit 39.3%, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 31.1%. 4. The possible etiological factors of cerebral palsy were, prenatal factors 16%, natal 44.9%, postnatal 27.5%, and unknown 11.6%. Eighty four percent of the children showed their first symptoms within the first year after birth. 5. Thirty percent of the parents said that the handicapped children lead to marital problems, and 84.1% of the parents mentioned that medical expenses for the children influenced their family finances.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2019

Purpose: Inadequate calorie intake is one of the most important causes of nonorganic failure to thrive (NOFTT) and is thought to lead to multiple micronutrient deficiencies. However, there have been few studies on NOFTT and micronutrients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the micronutrient status of children with NOFTT. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 161 children (106 with NOFTT and 55 health controls) at a single institution. Data on weight for age, height for age, body mass index, and biochemical parameters, indicating the children's nutritional and micronutrient status were reviewed via electronic medical records, and the two groups were compared. Results: Except inorganic phosphate levels, no statistically significant differences were seen in the laboratory findings indicating the children's nutritional and micronutrient status; notably, the inorganic phosphate levels were within the normal range in both groups. We then compared the severe NOFTT (weight for age below the first percentile) and control groups; however, no statistically significant differences were seen for any of the measured parameters. Conclusion: Most children with NOFTT in this study had normal micronutrient levels and other laboratory findings. Therefore, element deficiencies should not be considered a natural consequence of NOFTT or in healthy children. Close monitoring and additional evaluations are needed.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2013

Background: Malnutrition of inpatients has been associated with higher morbidity, mortality, cost, and longer hospital stay. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) therapy plays an important role in decreasing morbidity and mortality among critical inpatients in hospitals, and has been commonly used to improve clinical outcomes. However, only a few studies were conducted regarding patients' nutritional improvement by TPN. Method: This study therefore evaluated the changes in nutritional parameters by TPN therapy for early malnourished inpatients. Data from early malnourished inpatients who were treated with TPN therapy between January 2012 and June 2013 at the ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university Hospital were studied retrospectively. Information regarding sex, age, underlying diseases, division, TPN (peripheral and central), and changes in nutritional parameters were collected by reviewing electronic medical records. The criteria for evaluation of the changes in nutritional parameters were included physical marker, body mass index (BMI), and biochemical markers, including albumin (Alb), total lymphocyte count (TLC), and cholesterol. Nutritional parameters were collected three times: pre-TPN, mid-TPN and end-TPN. A total of 149 patients (peripheral, 97; central, 52) was evaluated. Results: In all patients, the malnutrition number was significantly decreased following the complete TPN therapy (peripheral patients, pre-TPN: $3.33{\pm}0.12$, mid-TPN : $3.06{\pm}0.17$, and end-TPN: $2.85{\pm}0.21$ (p < 0.05); central patients, pre-TPN: $3.38{\pm}0.11$, mid-TPN: $3.06{\pm}0.13$, and end-TPN: $2.75{\pm}0.21$ (p < 0.05). The malnutrition number means number of nutrition parameters below normal range of malnutrition. In addition, all of the four nutritional parameters (BMI, Alb, TLC and cholesterol) were increased with duration of TPN periods for all patients, and the changes in the early stage were larger than in the late stage (p < 0.05). The nutritional parameters of non-cancer patients were increased to a greater extent compared to cancer patients with longer TPN therapy, but it was not significant. The nutritional parameters of younger patients (50-60 years) were also increased more than of older patients (70-80 years), but it was not significant. Conclusion: In conclusion, the TPN therapy decreases malnutritional status and improves nutritional parameters in malnourished patients, thereby decreasing morbidity and mortality. The combined evaluation of all four nutritional parameters is more accurate for nutritional assessment than a single one.