This study was designed to evaluate the improvement in exercise endurance by Hovenia dulcis fruit hot water extract (HDWE) for the potential application as a functional food material. The effect was based on the evaluation of the forced-swimming capacity and changes in biochemical parameters in mice. Six-week-old mice were classified into four groups based on a randomized block design: the negative control group, the HDWE 50 mg/kg body weight group, the HDWE 200 mg/kg body weight group, and the 1-octacosanol 50 mg/kg body weight group (n=8 mice per group). The swimming exercise time in the HDWE-50 group was increased at 545±43 sec compared to the control group at 263±28 sec. The HDWE-200 fatigue indicators, lactate acid and ammonia content, decreased to 4.99±0.33 mg/mL and 0.63±0.05 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the content of glycogen in the liver and muscle tended to increase in the group administered HDWE but was not significant. Likewise, the LDH and glucose contents were increased compared to the control group. The muscle damage indicators ALT (52.7±2.6 U/L) and AST (42.5±5.2 U/L) tended to decrease compared to the control group (76.4±10.2 U/L).
Objectives: The objective of this study was to review the effect of oral administration of herbal medicines on the improvement of memory in Alzheimer's disease animal model reported in Korean domestic journals. Methods: The Korean databases (Koreantk, KISS) were searched with memory as a popular search term. During the searches, only animal study reports were reviewed. Data of animal models, intervention, observation methods of measuring indicators were extracted from the databases. Results: Typically, 36 articles were reviewed. Twenty-two studies used scopolamine to induce Alzheimer's disease, 24 studies used complex herbal medicines, and 12 studies used simple herbal medicines. Polygalae Radix and Acori Rhizoma were the most frequently used herbal medicines to improve memory in Alzheimer model. To evaluate the effect of herbal medicines, 36 studies used macroscopy, 16 studies used molecular biological analysis, 21 studies used biochemical analysis, 15 studies used histological analysis, and 11 studies used hematological analysis. Each study showed significant improvement with respect to memory indicators. Conclusions: Overall, the results suggest that treatment employing herbal medicines is an effective option to treat memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease.
Objective: An experiment was conducted to identify and characterize the circular RNA expression and metabolic characteristics in the liver of Jinhua pigs and Landrace pigs. Methods: Three Jinhua pigs and three Landrace pigs respectively at 70-day were slaughtered to collect the liver tissue samples. Immediately after slaughter, blood samples were taken to detect serum biochemical indicators. Total RNA extracted from liver tissue samples were used to prepare the library and then sequence on HiSeq 2500. Bioinformatic methods were employed to analyze sequence data to identify the circRNAs and predict the potential roles of differentially expressed circRNAs between the two breeds. Results: Significant differences in physiological and biochemical traits were observed between growing Jinhua and Landrace pigs. We identified 84,864 circRNA candidates in two breeds and 366 circRNAs were detected as significantly differentially expressed. Their host genes are involved in lipid biosynthetic and metabolic processes according to the gene ontology analysis and associated with metabolic pathways. Conclusion: Our research represents the first description of circRNA profiles in the porcine liver from two divergent phenotype pigs. The predicted miRNA-circRNA interaction provides important basis for miRNA-circRNA relationships in the porcine liver. These data expand the repertories of porcine circRNA and are conducive to understanding the possible molecular mechanisms involved in miRNA and circRNA. Our study provides basic data for further research of the biological functions of circRNAs in the porcine liver.
Waly, Mostafa I.;Ali, Amanat;Guizani, Nejib;Al-Rawahi, Amani S.;Farooq, Sardar A.;Rahman, Mohammad S.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
/
v.13
no.8
/
pp.4051-4055
/
2012
Functional foods include antioxidant nutrients which may protect against many human chronic diseases by combating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon tumors in rats as an in vivo experimental model. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats (4 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 groups containing 10 rats per group, and were treated with either AOM, PPE, or PPE plus AOM or injected with 0.9% physiological saline solution as a control. At 8 weeks of age, the rats in the AOM and PPE plus AOM groups were injected with 15 mg AOM/kg body weight, once a week for two weeks. After the last AOM injection, the rats were continuously fed ad-libitum their specific diets for another 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment (i.e. at the age of 4 months), all rats were killed and the colon tissues were examined microscopically for lesions suspected of being preneoplastic lesions or tumors as well as for biochemical measurement of oxidative stress indices. The results revealed a lower incidence of aberrant crypt foci in the PPE plus AOM administered group as compared to the AOM group. In addition, PPE blocked the AOM-induced impairment of biochemical indicators of oxidative stress in the examined colonic tissue homogenates. The results suggest that PPE can partially inhibit the development of colonic premalignant lesions in an AOM-induced colorectal carcinogenesis model, by abrogating oxidative stress and improving the redox status of colonic cells.
Using the Korea Labor Institute Panel Study(KLIPS), this study investigates the impacts of water pollution on life satisfaction in Korea. Panel random-effects ordered probit model is used to consider the ordered property of life satisfaction data and heterogeneity of panel data. The proxy variables to reflect the degree of water pollution are biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) and total phosphorus(TP). In addition to the environmental variables above, other determinants used in various studies on life satisfaction such as economic, social, and demographic characteristics are included. Estimation results show that water pollution is negative and significant for life satisfaction. Other indicators such as income, age, house ownership, gender, education are positively related while urban residence and own business are shown to be negatively related.
Lee, Jong Suk;Lee, Ji Sun;Park, Yeong-Chul;Choi, Sun Mi;Lee, Sanghun
YAKHAK HOEJI
/
v.58
no.1
/
pp.62-70
/
2014
A 28-day repeated-dose oral toxicity test was performed to determine the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) and establish an optimum dose of the highly toxic Aconiti Ciliare Tuber (ACT) used as a folk remedy. Repeated oral doses of 1,250, 2,500, and 5,000 mg/kg/day of the hot water extract of ACT were administered to five male and five female Sprague-Dawley rats in each group for 4 weeks. The indicators for toxicity included results of examination of common symptoms and changes in weight and feed intake, eye test, urinalysis, hematological and serum biochemical analyses, and post-mortem weight measurement of organs, and visual inspections. All animals survived at the end of the experiment; in addition, we observed no specific test substance-mediated symptoms. We observed no test substance-mediated changes in body weight and feed intake. We observed statistically significant changes in male OB and pH levels (p<0.05). Further, the biochemical test showed statistically significant changes in the IP value of male rats and $CL^-$valueoffemalerats (p<0.05). However, all changes were within historical data. The post-mortem examinations showed no test substance-mediated changes. Moreover, statistically significant changes under the test conditions were confirmed to have been caused by factors other than the test substance. Thus, the maximum NOEL of ACT extract in rats was estimated to be 5,000 mg/kg/day.
Jang, In-Surk;Song, Min-Hye;Kim, Ha-Na;Moon, Yang Soo;Sohn, Sea Hwan
Korean Journal of Poultry Science
/
v.43
no.3
/
pp.149-157
/
2016
This study was performed to investigate the effects of the stocking density (standard stocking density (SSD, $495cm^2/bird$)) vs. high stocking density (HSD,245cm2/bird) and challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5mg/kg BW) on the stress-related physiological indicators in chicks. There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in body weight, but not in the weight of immune organs, between the SSD and HSD groups. The LPS group resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in the weights of the thymus and bursa of fabricius compared with the SSD group. Plasma biochemical components, including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen, Ca, P, creatine kinase and uric acid, markedly (p<0.05) increased in the LPS birds, although no difference in these parameters was observed between the SSD and HSD birds. Furthermore, the birds challenged with LPS showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the plasma corticosterone level, although this hormone did not differ between the SSD and HSD groups. In the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, hepatic $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and iNOS in the LPS group significantly (p<0.05) increased compared with those in the SSD group. Thymic mRNA expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and IL-18 in the LPS group also significantly (p<0.05) increased compared with those in the other groups. In addition, mRNA expression of $IL-1{\beta}$ in the bursa of fabricius of the LPS group increased (p<0.05) without affecting the other cytokines. Under high stocking density, thymic $IL-1{\beta}$ was the only cytokine that was up-regulated compared with the SSD group. In conclusion, an acute stress induced by LPS challenge profoundly affected immune organ weight, blood biochemical profiles and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, while chronic stress did not markedly affect biochemical and immunological parameters, suggesting that chicks under high stocking density could be adapted to prolonged stressors.
Objective: The object of this study was to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal with Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) in broiler diets on growth performance, blood indicators, antioxidant capacity, and immune function. Methods: A total of 180 Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into three treatments, each treatment with six replicates and 10 broilers per replicate for a 42-day feeding trial. The control group (CON) was fed corn-soybean meal based diet. The CAP-1 and CAP-2 groups were considered to use CAP to replace 25% or 50% of soybean meal in the diet, respectively. The average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers at 1 to 21 d, 22 to 42 d, and 1 to 42 d were measured, and the feed conversion ratio was calculated. At the 42nd day of age, two broilers with similar weights and fasted for 12 h were selected in each replicate for blood collection from the brachial wing vein. The blood routine indicators, serum biochemical indicators, serum antioxidant capacity, and immunoglobulin content of broiler chickens were measured. Results: Replacement of soybean meal with 25% (CAP-1) and 50% (CAP-2) CAP significantly increased the average daily gain of 22 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d and decreased the average daily feed intake and feed conversion rate (p<0.05). The CAP-1 group, and CAP-2 group significantly increased hemoglobulin in the blood of broilers, while the CAP-2 group increased hematocrit content (p<0.05). Compared with the control group, the contents of superoxide dismutase and immunoglobulin A in serum of the CAP-2 group were significantly increased, while the contents of malondialdehyde in CAP group were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: Replacing soybean meal with CAP led to significant improvements in the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immunoglobulin content of broilers.
Background: The most frequent fracture seen at the emergency department (ED) in the elderly is a femur fracture whereas they do not know the degree of osteoporosis. We analyzed the degree of osteoporosis in patients with femur fractures and compared patients with only femur fractures (FX) to patients with femur and vertebral fractures (VX) by examining the clinical features, the bone mineral density (BMD), and biochemical markers. Methods: From January 2004 to December 2004, we enrolled prospectively 30 femur fracture patients who visited the ED. The bone mineral densities of the lumbar spine and the femur were examined. Total calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and serum C-terminal telopeptide (s-CTx) were measured. The patients with femur fractures were divided into two subgroups according to the presence of vertebral fracture. Results: All BMDs of the FX group showed osteoporosis. The s-CTx levels were higher than normal. The patients in the FX with VX were older than those in the FX only group, and had lower BMDs. There were no significant differences in markers between the subgroups, but the incidence of trochanteric fractures was higher in FX with VX group than in the FX only group. Conclusion: Femur fractures in the elderly were associated with osteoporosis. In our study, despite a considerable difference in BMD between patients with femur fractures and those with femur fractures combined with vertebral fractures, there was no difference in biochemical markers on bone formation nor in the those of bone resorption. We will further investigate the biochemical markers and BMD in the population of osteoporotic fractures. So those indicators should be helpful for planning treatment and for prevention of FX in the elderly.
We investigated physiological damages and biochemical alleviation of five species of genus Acer under ozone fumigation in order to assess their tolerant ability against ozone toxicity. At the end of 150 ppb $O_3$ fumigation, photosynthetic characteristics were measured, and chlorophyll contents, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidative enzyme activities were analyzed in the leaves of five maple trees (Acer buergerianum, A. ginnala, A. mono, A. palmatum, and A. palmatum var. sanguineum). The reduction of chlorophyll (chl) a in ozone-exposed plants was 16.8% (A. buergerianum) to 26.7% (A. ginnala) of control plants. For the content of chi b, A. ginnala and A. palmatum var. sanguineum represented the high reduction of 26.3% and 23.6%, respectively. The highest reduction on the chi a:b ratio was observed in the leaves of A. palmatum. The reduction of net photosynthesis in five species varied from 2.4% to 37.6%. Among five species, A. ginnala showed remarkable reduction (37.6%) for net photosynthesis in comparison with control. Carboxylation efficiency differed significantly (P < 0.05) among species and between control and ozone treatment. The reduction of carboxylation efficiency was the highest in the leaves of A. ginnala (44.7%). A. palmatum var. sanguineum showed the highest increase (41.7%) for MDA content. The highest increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity represented in A. palmatum (26.1%) and the increase of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity ranged from 16.5% (A. ginnala) to 49.1% (A. palmatum var. sanguineum). A. mono showed the highest increase (376.6%) of glutathione reductase (GR) activity under ozone fumigation and A. buergerianum also represented high increase (42.3%) of GR activity. Catalse (CAT) activity increased in the leaves of A. ginnala, A. palmatun and A. palmatum var. sanguineum under ozone exposure, whereas A. buergerianum and A. mono decreased in comparison with control plants. In conclusion, physiological markers such as chlorophyll content and photosynthesis that responded sensitively to $O_3$ in maple trees were considered as the very important indicators in order to evaluate the tolerance against $O_3$ stress, and parameters were closely related with each other. Among anti oxidative enzymes, SOD and APX might be contributed to alleviate to $O_3$ toxicity through the increase of activity in all maple trees. Therefore, these compounds can be used as a biochemical maker to assess the stress tolerance to $O_3$.
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