• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2012

To investigate the biochemical nature of changes in vaginal physiology during estrus and pregnancy, we examined the cytology and viscosity, and monitored the protein expression profile in vaginal mucus during estrus and pregnancy. The viscosity progressively decreased from estrus to pregnancy. Cell type analysis revealed that white blood cells progressively increased from estrus to pregnancy, while red blood cells progressively decreased during pregnancy. The cornification index (CI) was higher in estrus than in pregnancy. Protein mass spectrumetry identified the presence of ribosome-binding protein 1, GRIP 1 (Glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1)-associated protein 1, DUF729 (Domain of unknown function729) domain-containing protein 1, prolactin precursor, dihydrofolatereductase, and MMP (Matrix metalloprotease)-9 in vaginal mucus. MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins in the vaginal mucus were active throughout estrus and gestation, as measured by a gelatinase assay, but most abundant in the vaginal mucus on day 0 of estrus. Results from ELISA of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were in accordance with the gelatinase assay. In light of the crucial role of metalloproteinases in extracellular matrix remodeling, the level of MMP-9 in vaginal mucus might be useful as an indicator of estrus and pregnancy to increase the efficiency of reproduction.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.327-332
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• 2013

This survey was conducted to obtain basic data about organic matter such as BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon) and TOC (Total Organic Carbon) in agricultural water in Gyeongnam province. BOD and COD are currently used for water quality indices, but adoption of TOC is being suggested. The surface water samples were collected at 39 locations in Gyeongnam province in April, July and October. Average concentrations of BOD, COD, DOC and TOC were 1.6, 3.3, 5.3 and $5.7mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. In July, average concentrations of BOD and COD were 2.4 and $3.9mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively, showing these values were higher than other months. Average concentrations of TOC in April, July and October were 4.8, 7.4 and $4.8mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. This suggested that the highest value of TOC was in July. Average decomposition efficiencies for BOD-C/TOC and COD-C/TOC were 11.4 and 23.9%, respectively. Correlation coefficient of TOC and DOC was higher by 0.995, whereas that of TOC and COD was lower by 0.763. Especially, TOC and DOC were highly related than others.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.93.1-93
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• 2003

A growth chamber fumigation was conducted to evaluate the ozone (O3) on the physiology of three hot pepper, Capsicum annuum L. cultivars, 'dabotab', 'buchon' and 'pochungchun'. Thirty-day old plants were exposed to O3 of 120 nl 1-1 in the chambers for 8 h d-1 for 3 days. Foliar damage due to O3 was different from the varieties, 'dabotab'was most sensitive to O3, 'pochungchun' was medium, and 'buchon' was resistant. Ozone symptom on the leaves was bifacial necorsis. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were decreased due to O3 treatment, but they were not much different from the variety. Decreases of net photosynthesis by O3 were 56％, 40％ and 35％ on 'dabotab', 'buchon' and 'pochungchun', respectively Decreases of stomatal conductance by O3 were 66％, 63％, and 50％ on each varieties. Ozone closed the stomata and decrease net photosynthesis on hot peppers regardless of the variety. Light curves on the three varieties were showing similar patterns that O3 damage on net photosynthesis were started at the low levels of light with or without the visible injury, Assimilation-internal CO2 concentration curves of the three cultivars were not different due to the treatment. It means there was not significant biochemical damage Inside the leaves by O3. In conclusion, ozone closed the stomata and damaged light capturing system of the pepper leaves with or without the visible damage. Although visible damage of the leaves could be a good indicator of O3 resistance, the ecophysiological change by O3 were not proportional to the amout of visible injuries

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the muscular strength & stamina improvement and muscle anti-fatigue effects of Morinda officinalis How after long term administration. Methods: 4-6 weeks old ICR mice were used in this study and we administered the water soluble extracts of Morinda officinalis How in the concentration of 1, 10. 100/mg/0.3ml to each 5 mice (ATS group) and same volume of normal saline was administered to 5 mice (control group) once a day for 90 or 120 days. After the administration we performed the swimming exercise test and the grip strength test. And we measured the concentration of glucose and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in plasma regarded as biochemical indicator related with the muscular fatigue. Results: In swimming exercise test, all ATS groups showed increased time compared with relative control group after 90 days administration. After 120 days adminstration 100/mg/0.3ml ATS groups showed increased results. In grip strength test, all ATS groups showed increased grip strength compared with relative control group after 90 days administration. After 120 days adminstration 10/mg/0.3ml ATS groups showed increased result. All the results of plasma glucose didn't showed statistically significant difference after 90 and 120 days administration. In the plasma concentration of activity level of lactate dehydrogenase, all ATS groups didn't showed statistically significant difference compared after 90 days administration. Conclusion: This study show that Morinda officinalis How can increase the muscular strength & stamina and anti-fatigue effect.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.224-235
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• 1984

Vitamin E status affected by dietary high PUFA and Se was examined by biochemical and morphological means. Rats were fed four different diets(I : 15% p/s=1 control diet, II : 15% perilla oil diet, III : 15% perilla oil, vitamin mix -vitamin E, IV : 15% perilla oil, vitamin mix-vitamin E and salt mix -Se ) for $4\frac{1}{2}$ weeks. Various dietary treatments had no significant effects on body weight gains of rats. Activities of serum creatine phosphokinase known as an indicator of vitamin E deficiency were significantly higher( P < 0.001) in groups fed diets high in PUFA, regardless of the addition or omission of vitamin E from the vitamin mixture than those in control group. Vitamin E concentrations of serum and liver were affected by experimental diets and serum levels were more affected than those in liver. Electron microscopic observations of the liver revealed 1) the presence of swollen and degenerated mitochondria and lysosome-like body(II), and 2) markedly swollen and degenerated mitochondria, numerous lysosomes and decreased in size and number of microvilli along the bile canaliculus ( III, and 3) a remarkable accumulation of lipid droplets, nuclear pyknosis, degenerated mitochondria and increased number of lysosomes scattered along the cell junction in the hepatocytes (IV).

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the hematological factors in cultured olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus depending on its growth stage and season. The study also aims at developing the standard hematological indicator for growth stage and season by examining total 16 parameters including whole blood (hematocrit, red blood cell and hemoglobin), biochemical (glucose, cholesterol, total protein, AST, ALT, $Na^+,\;K^+,\;Cl^-,\;Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+}$ and osmolarity), and endocrine (cortisol and $T_3$) factors in plasma of cultured olive flounder. The result showed a growth stage-dependent increase of $T_3$ level in olive flounder while the level of cholesterol showed an inverse correlation to fish size. For seasonal fluctuation in cultured olive flounder of the same growth stage, the highest level of Ht and RBC was observed in autumn.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.455-461
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• 2000

Abstract Spirulina platensis was grown in SWlUe waste to reduce inorganic compowlds and simultaneously produce feed resources. Spirulina platensis prefers nitrogenous compounds in Ibe order: $NH_4^{+}-N>NO_3^{-}-N>simple-N$ such as urea and simple amino acids. It even consumes $NH_4^{+}-N$ first when urea or nitrate are present. Therefore, the content of residual $NH_4^{+}-N$ in Spimlina platensis cultures can be determined by the relative extent of the following processes: (i) algal uptake and assimilation; (ii) ammonia stripping; and (iii) decomposition of urea to NH;-N by urease-positive bacteria. The removal rates of total nitrogen ffild total phosphorus were estimated as an indicator of the treatment effIciency. It was found that Spirulina platensis was able to reduce 70-93% of $P_4^{3-}-P$, 67-93% of inorganic nitrogen, 80-90% of COD, and 37-56% of organic nitrogen in various concentrations of swine waste over 12 days of batch cultivation. The removal of inorganic compounds from swine waste was mainly used for cell growth, however, the organic nitrogen removal was not related to cell growlb. A maximum cell density of 1.52 dry-g/l was maintained with a dilution rate of 0.2l/day in continuous cultivation by adding 30% swine waste. The nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates were correlated to the dilution rates. Based on the amino acid profile, the quality of the proteins in the Spirulina platensis grown in the waste was the same as that in a clean culture.ulture.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2007

To investigate the response of proline and ammonia to pathogen infection, plant growth and relevant chemical component were examined in large patch-infected or healthy (control) zoysiagrass during 6 days after treatment. Pathogen-infection increased root mortality by 30% compared to control. Soluble protein was not significantly affected by pathogen-infection except in the leaf at day 6. Ammonia concentration also increased significantly in both leaves and roots of pathogen-infected plants. Proline concentration in leaves and roots increased to 3.4- and 4.5-fold, respectively, compared to those of control at day 6. These results suggest that proline accumulation may be a sensitive biochemical indicator representing the stress intensity caused by pathogen infection in zoysiagrass.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.60-70
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the muscle anti-fatigue effects of Allii tuberosi semen after short term administration. Methods: 4-6 weeks old ICR mice were used in this study and we administered the water soluble extracts of Allii tuberosi semen in the concentration of 1, 10 and 100mg/0.3ml to each 5 mice (ATS group) and same volume of normal saline was administered to 5 mice (control group) once a day for 30 or 60 days. After the administration we performed the swimming exercise test and the grip strength test. And we measured the concentration of glucose and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in plasma regarded as biochemical indicator related with the muscular fatigue.. Results: In swimming exercise test. 10 and 100mg/0.3ml ATS groups showed increased time compared with relative control group after 30 days administration. But after 60 days adminstration all ATS groups showed increased results. In grip strength test, 100mg/0.3ml ATS group increased grip strength after 30days administration and 10mg/0.3ml ATS group showed increased result after 60days administration. All the results of plasma glucose and lactate dehydrogenase didn't showed statistically significant difference after 30 and 60 days administration. Conclusion: From this study we could find the anti-fatigue effect of Allii tuberosi semen in the muscle strength related test.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.65-70
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• 2010

Purpose: Exercise has been shown to be a simple and economical therapeutic modality that may be considered as an effective aid for diabetic mellitus. For example, exercise training increases insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. But we found no reported of how exercise affect type 1 diabetes. This study investigated the impact of aerobic and graduated treadmill exercise regimens on body weight, glucose and insulin concentrations, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress indicators in rats with streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes. Glycosylated hemoglobin ($HbA_{1c}$) was determined as an indicator of glucose control during exercise. Methods: In our study, a total of 40 rats were used. Three groups of 10 rats each were given STZ to induce diabetes. The remaining 10 rats became the normal group. After 28 days we determined biochemical parameters such as glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin ($HbA_{1c}$), insulin concentration, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities were also measured. Results: Concentrations of blood glucose and $HbA_{1c}$ in the moderated exercise groups were significantly decreased after 28 days compared with the control group (p<0.05). There was a significant reduction in serum TC and TG in the experimental groups. The activity of SOD increased significantly by 17.70% and 48.25% respectively. Conclusion: These results indicate that physical training and exercise training affects body weight, fasting blood glucose, $HbA_{1c}$, insulin, lipid profiles, and antioxidant status in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. We suggest that graduated treadmill exercise may have therapeutic, preventative, and protective effects against diabetes mellitusby improving glycemic control, oxidant defenses, and lipid metabolism.