• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제29권
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• pp.8.1-8.8
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• 2014

Objectives An ecofriendly alternative to chemical pesticides is bio-pesticides, which are derived from natural sources. The interest in bio-pesticides is based on the disadvantages associated with chemical pesticides. Methods We conducted acute toxicity assessments of camphor, a major component of bio-pesticides, by using Daphnia magna (D. magna) as well as assessed the morphological abnormalities that occurred in Danio rerio (D. rerio) embryos. Results The median effective concentration of camphor on D. magna after 48 hours was $395.0{\mu}M$, and the median lethal concentration on D. rerio embryos after 96 hours was $838.6{\mu}M$. The no observed effect concentration and predicted no effect concentration of camphor on D. magna, which was more sensitive than D. rerio, were calculated as $55.2{\mu}M$ and $3.95{\mu}M$, respectively. Morphological abnormalities in D. rerio embryos exposed to camphor increased over time. Coagulation, delayed hatching, yolk sac edema, pericardial edema, and pigmentation of embryos mainly appeared between 24 and 48 hours. Further, symptoms of scoliosis and head edema occurred after 72 hours. In addition, bent tails, ocular defects and collapsed symptoms of fertilized embryonic tissue were observed after 96 hours. Conclusions The camphor toxicity results suggest that continuous observations on the ecosystem are necessary to monitor toxicity in areas where biological pesticides containing camphor are sprayed.

• 생약학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2020

The analysis method for qualitative analysis of the screening method that can be performed prior to the quantitative analysis of individual pesticide was reviewed in order to meet the safety standards that are being strengthened in the field of pesticide residue testing of herbal medicines. Among the residual pesticides presented in the Korean Pharmacopoeia, 56 pesticides, excluding 15 pesticides that need to be individually analyzed, were selected for analysis using QuEChERS preprocessing and GC-MS/MS, which are used in the existing agricultural products field. For each pesticide, the detection limit level of 0.001-0.005 mg/kg and the quantitative limit level of 0.002-0.017 mg/kg were confirmed. In the recovery test in which the standard was treated at a concentration of 0.02 mg/kg, it was confirmed that the proportion of pesticides satisfying the recovery of 70-120% was 85.7-96.4% for each herbal medicine, so it was confirmed that it was a level that could be reviewed by the screening method.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to determine characteristics of residues of the soil-treated boscalid and pyraclostrobin within Hylomecon vernalis and to evaluate the risks from intake of the residual pesticides in the crop. METHODS AND RESULTS: The pesticides were treated to soils at two different concentrations, and the plant samples were collected 57 days after seeding. The samples were extracted using the QuEChERS extraction kit (MgSO₄ 4 g, NaCl 1 g). The quantitative methods for boscalid and pyraclostrobin were validated using linearity, recovery, and CV (coefficient of variation). Risk assessment of the pesticides was performed using Korea national nutrition statistics 2019. CONCLUSION(S): The residual levels of boscalid were 0.02-0.05 mg/kg (for the treatment at 6 Kg/10a) and 0.05-0.08 mg/kg (for the treatment at 12 Kg/10a), respectively. The residual concentrations of pyraclostrobin were below the LOQ. The amounts of pesticides were less than Maximum Residue Limits specified by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The maximum hazard indices of boscalid in chwinamul and amaranth for consumers were 0.0075% and 0.1525%, respectively, and it indicates that the risk of the pesticides from the crop is considered to be low.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.560-568
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• 1991

국내에서 현재 규제되고 있는 농약에 대해 신속, 간단한 동시분석법이 연구되었다. 시료는 아세톤과 메탄올로 추출하고 물을 가한 다음, $CH_2Cl_2$로 분배시킨다. 추출물은 Bio-Beads S-X3 컬럼에서 cyclohexane-methylene chloride의 용출액 11ml를 받아 불순물을 분리, 제거하고 ECD/NPD가 병렬되게 BP-1(methyl silicone) 모세관 컬럼에 연결된 기체 크로마토그래피로 분석한다. 농약 첨가에 의한 평균 회수율은 쌀에서 83% 이상이었고, 콩에서 3종 농약을 제외하면 81% 이상이었다. 검출한계는 쌀에서 0.002 ppm(${\alpha}$-BHC 등)~0.3 ppm(carbaryl 등) 이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.465-468
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• 2006

Even though many pesticides are known for barley powdery mildew and wheat leaf rust, alternative controls are necessary, because of consumer rejection of chemical pesticides and the appearance of fungi resistant to fungicides. To discover biopesticides, many broths of microorganisms were screened. Of those, a culture broth of Burkholderia ambifaria showed an excellent antifungal activity against both Erysiphe graminis and Puccinia recondita, which cause barley powdery mildew and wheat leaf rust, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.624-633
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• 2014

This study separated the crude extract (70% ethanol) of and its three fractions (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts) on the basis of polarity indexes, and examined for their insecticidal activities against aphid (Uroleucon lactucicola). For crude extraction, the 70% ethanol extract showed the best extract yield (58.0%) and insecticidal activity (69.0%) among the various concentrations tested (water, 30% ethanol, 50% ethanol, 70% ethanol and 95% ethanol). The major chemical compounds of different fractions (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts) were identified as eugenol by head space-GC-MS analysis. The hexane extract showed the highest eugenol content (43.7%) and insecticidal activity (80.0%). The insecticidal activity is accordingly believed to be attributable to the eugenol component. This may provide a useful starting point for the development of bio-pesticides.

• 식물병연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2022

Commercial products with antibiotics like streptomycin as active ingredients have been used to control soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium species for a long time. In this study, antibiotic resistance of twenty-seven Korean strains of Pectobacterium species including P. carotovorum, P. odoriferum, P. brasiliense, and P. parmenteri, which were previously shown to be susceptible to the bacteriophage phiPccP-1 was surveyed using a disk diffusion assay. While all strains were highly susceptible to ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and rifampicin, some strains showed weak susceptibility to 300 ㎍/ml of streptomycin. Furthermore, some of them are partially or completely resistant to commercial pesticides-Buramycinand streptomycin at the concentration of 250 ㎍/ml that is recommended by the manufacturer for streptomycin-based pesticides. These results indicate the presence of streptomycin-resistant Pectobacterium strains in South Korea, and the development of antibiotic alternatives to control soft rot is needed.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.332-338
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• 2004

농약 원제, 왕겨, 무기산화제 및 아교 혼합 분말에 물을 가하여 반죽한 다음 성형하여 봉상 훈연제를 제제하고 훈연제의 연소성을 측정하여 보편적으로 사용될 수 있는 산화제를 선발하고자 하였다. 왕겨 분말을 가연성 담체로 하는 봉상 훈연제는 11개의 농약에 대하여 빠르고 균일한 연소 속도와 높은 훈연율을 나타내었다. 연소 균일성, 연소 속도 및 훈연율을 고려할 때 봉상 훈연제에는 산화제로써 염소산나트륨이 가장 적당하였다. 가장 높은 훈연율을 나타내는 산화제 첨가비는 농약에 따라 다르게 나타났지만 연소 속도가 다른 훈연제가 훈연율도 높게 나타나는 경향이었다. 왕겨를 가연성 담체로 한 훈연제는 $50^{\circ}C$에서 60일간 보관하였을 때 대부분 유효성분의 경시변화가 거의 없이 안정하였다. 연소실, 냉각기, 포집병 1, 여과기, 포집병 2, 포집병 3, 포집병 4, 응축기 및 진공펌프로 구성된 연기 포집 장치는 연소시 연기가 대량으로 발생하는 훈연제의 훈연율 측정에 적합하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.368-374
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: The residual analysis of polar pesticides has remained a challenge. It is even more difficult to simultaneously analyze multiple polar pesticides. Diquat, paraquat, and chlormequat are typical examples of highly polar pesticides. The existing methods for the analysis of diquat, paraquat and chlormequat are complex and time consuming. Therefore, a simple, quick and effective method was developed in the represent study for simultaneous analysis of diquat, paraquat and chlormequat in animal products, meat and fat using UPLC-MS/MS. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sample extraction was carried out using acidified acetonitrile and water and re- extracted with acidified acetonitrile and combine the extracts followed by centrifugation. The extract was then cleaned up with a HLB cartridge after reconstitution with acidic acetonitrile and water. The method was validated in quintuplicate at three different concentrations. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.0015 and 0.005 mg/L, respectively. Matrix suppression effect was observed for all of the analytes. A seven point matrix matched calibration curve was constructed for each of the compound resulted excellent linearity with determination coefficients (R2) ≥ 0.991. Accuracy and precision of the method was calculated from the recovery and repeatability and ranged from 62.4 to 119.7% with relative standard deviation less than 18.8%. CONCLUSION: The recovery and repeatability of the developed method were in the acceptable range according to the Codex Alimentarius guideline. The developed method can be applied for the routine monitoring of diquat, paraquat, and chlormequat in animal products, meat and fat.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to define the optimal boxthorn berries washing method for developing the boxthorn berries cleaner. We analyzed the rate of removal of residual pesticides according to washing methods; 1st - habitual washing method, 2nd - drum rotation washing method, 3th - drum rotation and air bubble washing method, 4th - drum rotation and nozzle spray washing method, 5th - drum rotation and air bubble and nozzle spray washing method. A rate of removal of residual pesticides of 88% was detected in the drum rotation and air bubble and nozzle spray washing method, and a rate of 82% was detected in the habitual washing method. The drum rotation and air bubble and nozzle spray washing method appeared to be the best good washing effect compared to the habitual washing method(about 6% compared to 82.0% higher). Clothianidin Triadimefon, Triforine ingredients, the drum rotation and air bubble and nozzle spray washing method efficiency was lower compared to the habitual washing method removal efficiency.