• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2004

A bioequivalence study of $Gomcillin^{TM}$ capsules (DAEWOONG Pharmaceutical Co., Korea) to $Famoxin^{TM}$ capsules (Dong Wha Pharm. Ind. Co., Korea) was conducted according to the guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty four healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the amoxicillin dose of 500 mg in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study. There was a one-week wash out period between the doses. Plasma concentrations of amoxicillin were monitored by a high-performance liquid chromatography for over a period of 8 hours after the administration. $AUC_t$ (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 8 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the crossover design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_t$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for $Gomcillin^{TM}/Famoxin^{TM}$ were $log0.91\;{\sim}\;log1.03$ and $;log0.93\;{\sim}\;log1.10$, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of $log0.80\;{\sim}\;log1.25$. Thus, our study demonstrated the bioequivalence of $Gomcillin^{TM}$ and $Famoxin^{TM}$ with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• v.73 no.10
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• pp.1577-1583
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• 2018

Tumor-treating fields therapy involves placing pads onto the patient's skin to create a low- intensity (1 - 3 V/cm), intermediate frequency (100 - 300 kHz), alternating electric field to treat cancerous tumors. This new treatment modality has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the USA to treat patients with both newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma. To deliver the prescribed electric field intensity to the tumor while minimizing exposure of organs at risk, we developed an optimization method for the electric field distribution in the body and compared the electric field distribution in the body before and after application of this optimization algorithm. To determine the electric field distribution in the body before optimization, we applied the same electric potential to all pairs of electric pads located on opposite sides of models. We subsequently adjusted the intensity of the electric field to each pair of pads to optimize the electric field distribution in the body, resulting in the prescribed electric field intensity to the tumor while minimizing electric fields at organs at risk. A comparison of the electric field distribution within the body before and after optimization showed that application of the optimization algorithm delivered a therapeutically effective electric field to the tumor while minimizing the average and the maximum field strength applied to organs at risk. Use of this optimization algorithm when planning tumor-treating fields therapy should maintain or increase the intensity of the electric field applied to the tumor while minimizing the intensity of the electric field applied to organs at risk. This would enhance the effectiveness of tumor-treating fields therapy while reducing dangerous side effects.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.301-307
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• 2005

We introduce a new multimedia telemedicine system which is called Telemedicine for Real-time Emergency Multi-consultation(TREM), based on multiple connection between medical specialists. Due to the subdivision of medical specialties, the existing one-to-one telemedicine system needs be modified to a simultaneous multi-consulting system. To facilitate the consultation the designed system includes following modules: high-quality video, video conferenceing, bio-signal transmission, and file transmission. In order to enhance the operability of the system in different network environment, we made it possible for the user to choose appropriate data acquisition sources of multimedia data and video resolutions. We have tested this system set up in three different places: emergency room, radiologist's office, and surgeon's office. All three communicating systems were successful in making connections with the multi-consultation center to exchange data simultaneously in real-time.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.435-441
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• 2016

The importance of radiation dose display of medical X-ray equipment was emphasized, while third edition of IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission) 60601 started to apply. The existing medical X-ray equipment selected a method for attaching the DAP(Dose Area Product) meter when the dose display. However, because the DAP meter was dependent on all of the income, And it did not yet produced in Korea. So, we received the support of Seoul R&BD Program(Grants No. C1152055) to produce DAP meter prototype of the Domestically technology. In this study, the performance of this prototype was evaluated by comparing the German company's product Evaluation item was an electronic capture performance, radiation dose dependence, radiation quality dependence, energy transmittance, repeatability, light transmittance of 6 entries. And IEC 60580 was based on this evaluation. Evaluation results were electronic capture performance intrinsic error 9.5%, radiation dose dependence limits of variation 1%, repeatability coefficient of variation 2%, energy transmittance 91% each assessment was passed. However radiation quality dependence limits of variation 29%, light transmittance 55% was less than acceptance criteria.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.433-441
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• 2007

The bio-Sensors, which are sensing the vital signs of human bodies, are largely used by the medical equipment. Recently, the sensor network technology, which composes of the sensor interface for small-seize hardware, processor, the wireless communication module and battery in small sized hardware, has been extended to the area of bio-senor network systems due to the advances of the MEMS technology. In this paper we have suggested a design and implementation of a health care information system(called u-EMS) using a bio-sensor network technology that is a combination of the bio-sensor and the sensor network technology. In proposed system, we have used the following vital body sensors such as EKG sensor, the blood pressure sensor, the heart rate sensor, the pulse oximeter sensor and the glucose sensor. We have collected various vital sign data through the sensor network module and processed the data to implement a health care measurement system. Such measured data can be displayed by the wireless terminal(PDA, Cell phone) and the digital-frame display device. Finally, we have conducted a series of tests which considered both patient's vital sign and context-awared information in order to improve the effectiveness of the u-EMS.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.176-182
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the protein requirement for maintenance of fattening Korean black goat (Capra hircus coreanae). Six male goats with average initial body weight (BW) of $31.78{\pm}4.54kg$ and an average age of 8 months were used in this study. The experiment had a replicated duplicated $3{\times}3$ Latin square design for balancing carryover effects. In the course of the experiment, each of Black goats were fed three diets that were formulated to contain T1 (13%), T2 (16%) and T3 (19%) levels of crude protein (CP). A 14-day diet adjustment period was followed by a 5-day collection period. Dry matter intake (DMI) of groups fed diets with T2 was 966.67g/d which was higher than group fed diets with T1 and T3 were 925.14g/d and 936.08g/d each. Average daily gains (ADG) of black goats were the highest in T2(167.13g/d) But, there was no significant difference. Dietary protein levels affected the apparent digestibility of CP (p<0.05). A significant difference was found in CP intake among treatments and goats receiving T3, T2, and T1 recorded 181.23, 154.57, and 128.78g CP/d, respectively. This was excepted because CP intake is proportional to CP content of diet, which from highest to lowest was as follows: T3 (19%) > T2 (16%) > T1 (13%). Intercept of the regression equation between CP intake and CP balance indicated that maintenance CP requirement was 1.63g/BW0.75.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2011

In this study, whitening activity of Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts were investigated according to several extraction processes: water extraction at $100^{\circ}C$ (WE100) and $60^{\circ}C$ (WE60), 70% ethyl alcohol extraction (EE) and ultra high pressure extraction (HPE) at 500 MPa for 30 minutes at $60^{\circ}C$. The extracts from ultra high pressure extraction showed the highest tyrosinase inhibition and melanogenesis inhibition activities as 52% and 79.5%, respectively, in adding $1mg/m{\ell}$ than others extraction processes. HPE extracts also showed the strong reducing power as 3.19 that absorbance at 450 mm. The contents of polyphenol in WE100, we measured as $10.1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in adding $1mg/m{\ell}$. Extracts have a high total flavonoid contents by HPE as $4.1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ at $1mg/m{\ell}$. We can conclude that better whitening activity of extracts from high pressure extraction was due to high antioxidant activities which could be extracted by higher polyphenol and flavonoid contents in HPE than others.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2003

Microflora and enzyme activity of traditional wine-koji were investigated. Bacteria was contained the greatest of $1.3\times10^7$ CFU/g-Koji, and its amylase and protease activities were 120.0 u/g and 36.6 u/g, respectively. 6 Kinds of yeast were isolated from the koji and identified as Hansenula alni (No 1), Hansenula canadensis (No 2), Hansenula silvicola (No.3), Hansenula califrnica (No 4), Hansenula beijerinckii (No 9) and Hansenula saturnus var. sturnus (No11). Furthermore, 14 kinds of mold were also isolated from the koji and identified as Rhizopus sp(No 1-41, 11 species) and Aspergillus sp.(No. 46, 53, 64, 3 species). Only Aspergillus sp. No 46 was showed a-amylase activity of 5.5 Unit and protease activity of Rhizopus sp. No 8 was the highest of 45.0 Unit.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1599-1609
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• 2020

Objective: This study was designed to determine how feeding diets differing in crude protein (CP) and undegraded intake protein (UIP) levels affected productivity, blood metabolites, carcass characteristics, and the production economics of Hanwoo steers. Methods: Thirty-six Hanwoo steers (age = 8.2±0.5 mo; body weight = 254±16.1 kg) were assigned at random to one of three treatments (4 steers/pen; 3 pens/treatment): i) a low-CP diet (LP; control) containing 12.1% CP with 35.1% UIP, 12.0% CP with 36.8% UIP, and 12.9% CP with 48.8% UIP, in the growing, fattening, and finishing periods, respectively; ii) a high-CP, low-UIP diet (HPLU) containing 15.0% CP with 33.7% UIP, 14.0% CP with 35.7% UIP, and 13.1% CP with 46.7% UIP, respectively; and iii) a high-CP, high-UIP diet (HPHU) containing 15.0% CP with 45.8% UIP, 14.0% CP with 44.6% UIP, and 13.0% CP with 51.1% UIP, respectively. Results: The treatments did not affect feed intake and growth performance, except for average daily gain during the fattening period that tended to be the lowest (p = 0.08) in the HPLU-fed steers. The feed CP conversion ratio over the entire feeding period was higher with high-CP diets. The treatments did not affect most blood metabolites; however, blood cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentrations during the fattening and finishing periods were the lowest in steers fed a HPLU diet. The treatments had negligible effects on cold carcass weight, yield traits including longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness, yield index, and yield grade, plus quality traits including meat color, fat color, texture, and maturity. However, marbling score and frequency of carcass quality grade 1⁺⁺ were greater in HPHU-fed steers. Conclusion: Feeding diets with higher CP and UIP levels did not affect growth performance but tended to improve the carcass quality of Hanwoo steers, resulting in greater economic return.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1738-1741
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• 2010

Caliper measurements of tumor volume have been widely used in the assessment of tumors in animal models. However, experiments based on caliper data have resulted in unreliable estimates of tumor growth, due to necrotic areas of tumor mass. To overcome this systematic bias, we engineered a new luciferase-expressing rat prostate cancer cell line (MLL-Luc) that produces bioluminescence from viable cancer cells. MLL-Luc cells showed a strong correlation between bioluminescence intensity and cell number ($R^2$=0.99) and also accurately quantified tumor growth, with reduced bioluminescence signals caused by necrotic cells in a subcutaneous MLL-Luc xenograft model. The accurate quantification of tumor growth with bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was confirmed by a better antitumor effect of combination chemotherapy, compared to that based on caliper measurements with a correlation between the bioluminescence signal and tumor volume ($R^2$=0.84). These data suggest that bioluminescent MLL xenografts are a powerful and quantitative tool for monitoring tumor growth and are useful in evaluating the efficacy of anticancer drugs, with less systematic bias.