• Title/Summary/Keyword: bio-fertilizer

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Evaluation of ammonia (NH3) emissions from soil amended with rice hull biochar

  • Park, Seong-Yong;Choi, Ha-Yeon;Kang, Yun-Gu;Park, Seong-Jin;Luyima, Deogratius;Lee, Jae-Han;Oh, Taek-Keun
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.1049-1056
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    • 2020
  • Ultrafine dust causes asthma and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases when inhaled. Ammonia (NH3) plays a big role in ultrafine dust formation in the atmosphere by reacting with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) emitted from various sources. The agricultural sector is the single largest contributor of NH3, with the vast majority of emissions ensuing from fertilizers and livestock sector. Interest in using biochar to attenuate these NH3 emissions has grown. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of using rice hull biochar pyrolyzed at three different temperatures of 250℃ (BP 4.6, biochar pH 4.6), 350℃ (BP 6.8), and 450℃ (BP 10.3) on the emission of ammonia from soil fertilized with urea. The emissions of NH3 initially increased as the experiment progressed but decreased after peaking at the 84th hour. The amount of emitted NH3 was lower in soil with biochar amendments than in that without biochar. Emissions amongst biochar-amended soils were lowest for the BP 6.8 treatment, followed in an ascending order by BP 10.3 and BP 4.6. Since BP 6.8 biochar with neutral pH resulted in the lowest amount of NH3 emitted, it can be concluded that biochar's pH has an effect on the emissions of NH3. The results of this study, therefore, indicate that biochar can abate NH3 emissions and that a neutral pH biochar is more effective at reducing gaseous emissions than either alkaline or acidic biochar.

Effect of amount of applied slow releasing fertilizer on growth of hot pepper seedlings. (완효성비료의 시비량이 고추묘의 생장에 미치는 영향)

  • 지성한;고갑천
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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    • 1999.04a
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    • pp.83-86
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    • 1999
  • 버미큘라이트와 코코피트 1 : 1의 혼합배지를 충진한 32공트레이에 '녹광'고추를 이식한 후 완효성비료 'Floranic Permanent'(N-P-K-Mg : 15-9-15-2%)를 0, 0.03, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6g을 시비하였다. 0.4g보다 시비량이 많거나 적어도 고추묘의 생장은 억제되었으나, 특히 1.6g에서는 염류집적으로 인한 극도의 생장억제와 황백화현상이 관찰되었다. 한편 시비량이 증가할수록 T/R비는 증가하였으나, 정상적인 생육을 보인 0.1-0.8g 범위 내에서는 시비량이 SLA에 미치는 영향은 거의 없었다. 고추플러그육묘시 'Floranic Permanent'의 적정시비량은 1주당 0.2-0.4g 범위 내에 있는 것으로 추정되었다.

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Effect of the Hydrolysate of Pigs Hoof on Plant Growth and Physico-chemical Properties (Pigs hoof 가수분해물의 이화학성 및 작물 생육에 미치는 효과)

  • Han, Sang-Gyun;Cho, Chun-Hwi;Jeon, Han-Ki
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.200-205
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    • 2011
  • This study was conducted to find the physico-chemical properties and the amino acid content of the pigs hoof hydrolysate, keratin protein and to investigate its fertilizer effect on the growth of crops. The keratin proteins such as pigs hoof were alkali-hydrolyzed to produce the hydrolysates. The chemical properties of the hydrolysate of pigs hoof was 6~7 of pH and $10{\sim}15dS\;m^{-1}$ of EC. Total amino acid contents released from the pigs hoof were 10.18%, respectively. The pot experiment was carried out for the cultivation of lettuce. The treatment design of these pot cultivation was composed of Control (compost + NPK), PHH-0.5, PHH-1.0, PHH-2.0 (${\times}2,000$ ; 1,000 ; 500 diluted solution of pig hoof hydrolysate). After lettuce cultivation, the pH values in all treatment soils were decreased than those in initial soils, and the exchangeable cation value was higher than that of control. In all PHH treatments, lettuce growth was better in the leaf length by 6~16% and the leaf width by 4~15% than in control. Therefore, the PHH solutions manufactured by hydrolysis process had plenty of amino acids, and among them PHH had the most abundant nutrients and amino acids with highest growth and yield effect on lettuce.

Selection of Proper Medium and Amount of Applied Fertilizer for Exportable Cymbidium Young Plants Grown in Korea (수출용 심비디움 묘 생산에 적합한 배지 선발 및 시비량 구명)

  • Shim, Myung-Syun;Kim, Mi-Seon
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.217-222
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    • 2010
  • Bark is a general medium for potted Cymbidium in Korea, but it is difficult to shake off or eliminate the medium from the roots before exporting the potted plants. This working process can injure the roots and then deteriorate plant marketability. This study was carried out to select the optimum medium easier to eliminate from the roots instead of bark and the optimum amount of applied fertilizer to improve the plant growth. Cymbidium young plants 'Honey Hot' and 'Desert Look' were planted in pots with bark, cocochip, and peatmoss. The plants were treated with 2, 4, and 6 g of slow release fertilizer. The plant growth characteristics were investigated in the first and second years during production period of three years. The medium characteristics and mineral nutrient content of the leaves were also examined in the second year. In the first year, the plant growth of 'Desert Look' was improved in all peatmoss treatments more than bark. 'Honey Hot' showed the highest plant growth values in the bark treatment. In the second year, the plant growth of the two cultivars was improved in peatmoss. Cocochip treatments showed the lower plant growth values than bark and peatmoss in the first and second year. There was no significant difference among fertilizer amounts in all the media. The higher CEC values of peatmoss medium resulted to higher capacity to hold more nutrients than bark, and the nutrient retention of the peatmoss improved the plant growth. The higher K and Ca contents in the leaves would contribute to improve the plant growth. Consequently, it would be possible to use peatmoss instead of bark for Cymbidium young plants, but there must be always attention to appropriately water the medium and manage the moisture.

Effects of Some Environment-friendly Farming Materials on Growth of Pepper and Tomato Seedlings under Low Solar Radiation Conditions (저일조 조건에서 몇 가지 친환경농자재가 고추와 토마토의 유묘 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Um, Yeong-Cheol;Seo, Tae-Cheol;Jang, Yoon-Ah;Lee, Sang-Gyu;Lee, Jun-Gu;Choi, Chang-Sun;Oh, Sang-Seok
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.269-276
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    • 2011
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3 environment- friendly farming materials on the growth of pepper and tomato seedlings under low level of solar radiation. The pepper and tomato seedlings were separately grown on commercial substrate and non-fertilizer substrate under 30% shading condition, respectively. The microbe-, enzyme-, and amino acid-supplements were used for the foliar application to the seedlings. The application of enzyme- and amino acid-supplements significantly enhanced the growth of tomato and pepper seedlings grown on non-fertilizer substrate, while there was no significant effect on the seedlings grown on commercial substrate. The foliar application of enzyme- and amino acid-supplements reduced the days to flowering by 3 to 4 days and lowered the node order of fruit set in tomato plants grown on non-fertilizer substrate. The results showed that the enzyme- and amino acid-supplements could enhance the seedling growth and lower the node order of fruit set under limited nutritional conditions.

Effect of Calcium Concentration in Fertigation Solution on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Cut Chrysanthemum 'Biarritz' (Ca 시비농도가 절화국 'Biarritz'의 생육과 양분 흡수에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim Jeong Man;Choi Jong Myung;Chung Hae Joon;Choi Dong Chil
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.128-136
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    • 2005
  • The objective of this study was to determine the effect of calcium concentrations in fertilizer solution on growth and cut flower quality of chrysanthemum 'Biarritz' To achieve this, deficiency symptom and growth characteristics as influenced by controlled Ca concentrations in fertilizer solution were investigated. The analysis of plant tissue and soil solution of root media were also conducted to secure optimum concentration for plant growth. Calcium deficiency developed on the very youngest leaves and the young leaves developed 'cupped' shape as they expand. The cut flower length of 0, 3.0 and 6.0 mM treatments were 105.8, 106.5, and 107.3cm, respectively. Elevated Ca concentration within the range from 0 to 6.0mM in fertilizer solution increased cut flower weight. The cut flower weight of control and 6.0mM treatment were 51.6 and 59.4 g, respectively. The tissue Ca content of 6.0mM treatment in which crops showed the highest growth among treatments was $3.09\%$ based on the dry weight of the youngest fully expanded leaves. From the results, it seems necessary to maintaining tissue Ca content higher than $2.8\%$. Soil Ca concentrations increased as K concentrations in fertilizer solution were elevated. Ca concentration in 0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0mM treatments were 5.0, 7.4, 12.1, 16.5 and $28.2mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively, at harvesting stage. It is suggested that Ca concentration higher than $25.4mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in soil solution of root media is required to maintain normal growth.

Effect of Slurry Composting and Bio-filtration (SCB) by Fertigation on Soil Chemical Properties and Growth of Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

  • Lee, Jong-Eun;Yun, Yeo-Uk;Lee, Jin-Il;Choi, Moon-Tae;Lee, Dong-Soek;Nam, Yun-Gyu
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.48 no.5
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    • pp.404-412
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    • 2015
  • The slurry composting and bio-filtration (SCB) liquid manure has some obvious advantages including a good source of N, P and K, local availability, effective microorganism and the ability to improve soil properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence on the changes of soil chemical properties and yield of red pepper by fertigation cultivation with SCB application for 2 years. Red pepper was transplanted in early May in 2013 and 2014. The treatment with three replication was composed of 4 types as control (N 1.0), SCB 0.5N, SCB 1.0N, and SCB 2.0N standards of recommended nitrogen fertilizer ($19kg\;N\;10a^{-1}$). The fertigation cultivation which was installed the surface drip irrigation system was splitted 10 times as $2.5Mg\;10a^{-1}$ nutritional solution included with chemical fertilizer and SCB every 10 days during the cultivation. The height and width of pepper plant were 7.0% and 5.8% higher in SCB 2.0N treatment than that in control. The yield of red pepper increased with the increasing of SCB application rates from SCB 0.5N to 2.0N. The yield of SCB 1.0N was much better 10% in average than that of control, and there was significant differences among all treatments. pH of control soil after final harvest decreased to 6.1, however pH of SCB treated soils increased from 6.7 to 7.1 depending on SCB application rates. The Exch.-K contents of SCB treated soils were increased 13.7 to 56.9% after final harvest compared with control by $0.51cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$. Accordingly, these results showed that SCB 1.0N application rate as a recommended nitrogen level based on soil testing can be used as an alternative nitrogen management as well as plant nutrition for red pepper cultivation.

Optimum Application Rates of Phosphate and Potassium Fertilizer under Forcing Culture for High-Quality Rhodiola rosea L. Production (바위돌꽃 (Rhodiola rosea L.)의 촉성재배시 인산과 칼리의 적정시비량)

  • Lee, Kang-Soo;Li, Long-Gen;Hwang, Seon-Ah;Cho, Jae-Young
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.42 no.6
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    • pp.423-429
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    • 2009
  • Rhodiola rosea L., a traditional medicinal plant in Eastern Asia, is widely used by astronauts, divers and mountaineers to improve their stress resistance. This experiment was conducted to investigate the optimum application rates of phosphate and potassium under the forcing cultivation for high-quality Rhodiola rosea L. production. The application rate of $8kg\; 10a^{-1}$ of phosphate and $30kg\;10a^{-1}$ of potassium showed the highest yield of Rhodiola rosea L. root. There was no significant difference between the application rates of phosphate or potassium fertilizer and the content of salidroside.

Effect of Organic Material Treatments on Soil Aggregate Formation in Reclaimed Tidelands (유기물 처리가 간척지 토양의 입단형성에 끼치는 영향)

  • Son, Jae-Gwon;Cho, Jae-Young
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.201-206
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    • 2009
  • It is generally accepted that organic materials are a significant factor on the soil aggregation formation but little information exists on how the formation and stabilization of aggregates in reclaimed tidelands. In this work, the effects of organic materials on the soil aggregate formation in reclaimed tidelands were determined. The soil was treated with 5 cm-size chopped fresh italian ryegrass residues (fresh organic material), commercial livestock compost with swine manure and sawdust (by product fertilizer), and fresh organic material + by product fertilizer (1 : 1 w/w) after ploughing at 20 cm soil depth. The three organic materials applied $2,000kg\;10a^{-1}$ every year. Water stable aggregate was estimated by wet-sieving method. Three years after the beginning of the experiment, water stable aggregate rate and MWD (mean weight diameter) were higher fresh organic material treatment than two other treatments. For improvement of physical property and structure of soil in reclaimed tidelands, fresh organic material treatment was more suitable than two other treatments.