• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.282-286
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• 2006

The effect of biofertilizer (compound of microbial inoculants or groups of micro-organisms) on growth and yield of rice was investigated. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 7 treatments namely: $RF=N-P_2O_{5-}K_2O$ (11-5.5-4.8 kg $10a^{-1}$); half of the recommended fertilizer rate, $HRF=N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ (5.5-2.75-2.4 kg $10a^{-1}$); HRF+Bio 250=HRF combined with 250 kg biofertilizer $10a^{-1}$; HRF+Bio 500=HRF combined with 500 kg biofertilizer $10a^{-1}$; Bio 250=250 kg biofertilizer $10a^{-1}$; Bio 500=500 kg biofertilizer $10a^{-1}$; and NF = No Fertilizer. Results showed that the recorded values of plant height, tiller number and chlorophyll content at 40 to 60 days after transplanting (DAT) in HRF+Bio 500 were significantly higher than those recorded in the RF treatment. Similar observations between these two treatments were only recorded from 60 DAT onwards. Yield components were also superior in HRF+Bio 500 treatment and comparable to that of RF. The highest grain yield obtained in HRF+Bio 500 treatment (785.8 kg $10a^{-1}$) was statistically similar to that of RF (739.8 kg $10a^{-1}$) but significantly higher than that of NF (506.7 kg $10a^{-1}$). Finally, head grain recovery (90.9) was low while chalkiness (0.03) was high at HRF+Bio 500 treatment as compared with RF, which were (96.1) and (0.3), respectively. Results showed that combined treatment of HRF and 500 kg biofertilizer $10a^{-1}$ has similar effects on the growth and yield of rice with that of RF.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.791-806
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 공학목재로 목구조건축에 주로 사용되는 집성재 및 CLT 그리고 Ply-lam CLT의 블록전단시험을 실시하여 강도 및 파괴 유형을 비교 분석하였다. 이를 통해 Ply-lam CLT의 라미나 및 합판의 수종, 접착제의 종류 및 Layer구성 등 최적생산을 위한 제조조건을 구명하고자 하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 블록전단시험을 통해 집성재, Ply-lam CLT, CLT 순으로 높은 강도를 나타냈다. 특히, 낙엽송 합판과 낙엽송 라미나의 복합구조로 제조되는 Ply-lam CLT의 전단강도는 집성재 전단강도 기준인 7.1 N/㎟을 통과하였다. 아울러 본 연구에서는 집성재, CLT, Ply-lam 접착에 사용된 접착제 종류에 따른 전단강도의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 Ply-lam CLT의 경우에는 라미나와 합판의 수종에 따라 Ply-lam CLT의 전단강도의 차이를 나타냈다. 그 결과는 낙엽송 > 남양재 ≒ 육송 합판 순으로 높은 강도를 나타났다. Ply-lam CLT의 최적 구성은 낙엽송 합판과 낙엽송 라미나를 사용하는 경우이며 접착제는 용도에 따라 PRF, PUR을 선정하여 사용하면 될 것으로 판단된다. 목질재료 유형에 따른 전단강도 파괴 양상 결과 분석을 통하여 집성재는 shear parallel-to-grain, CLT는 rolling shear, Ply-lam CLT는 shear parallel-to-grain과 rolling shear가 복합적으로 나타났다. 이는 전단강도 결과와 밀접한 관련이 있으며 rolling shear로 인하여 CLT보다 Ply-lam CLT에서 더 높은 전단 강도를 나타내는 것으로 판단된다.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2007

In order to have a superconductive connection between the wire-wound pickup coil and input coil, typically Nb terminal blocks with screw holes are used. Since this connection structure occupies large volume, large stray pickup area can be generated which can pickup external noise fields. Thus, SQUID and connection block are shielded inside a superconducting tube, and this SQUID module is located at some distance from the distal coil of the gradiometer to minimize the distortion or imbalance of uniform background field due to the superconducting module. To operate this conventional SQUID module, we need a higher liquid He level, resulting in shorter refill interval. To make the fabrication of gradiometers simpler and refill interval longer, we developed a novel method of connecting the pickup coil into the input coil. Gradiometer coil wound of 0.125-mm diameter NbTi wires were glued close to the input coil pads of SQUID. The superconductive connection was made using an ultrasonic bonding of annealed 0.025-mm diameter Nb wires, bonded directly on the surface of NbTi wires where insulation layer was stripped out. The reliability of the superconductive bonding was good enough to sustain several thermal cycling. The stray pickup area due to this connection structure is about $0.1\;mm^2$, much smaller than the typical stray pickup area using the conventional screw block method. By using this compact connection structure, the position of the SQUID sensor is only about 20-30 mm from the distal coil of the gradiometer. Based on this compact module, we fabricated a magnetocardiography system having 61 first-order axial gradiometers, and measured MCG signals. The gradiometers have a coil diameter of 20 mm, and the baseline is 70 mm. The 61 axial gradiometer bobbins were distributed in a hexagonal lattice structure with a sensor interval of 26 mm, measuring $dB_z/dz$ component of magnetocardiography signals.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2021

격자 구조로 구성된 유전체 다층 구조의 GMR 특성에 의하여 생성되는 Bloch 표면파 (BSW)의 체계적인 연구가 바이오 센서의 감지 성능을 분석하기 위하여 제시되었다. 그 광학적 반응 현상에 대한 구조적 매개 변수의 영향을 Babinet의 원리와 모드 전송선 이론 (MTLT)을 사용하여 평가하였다. 설계된 바이오 센서의 감도는 파장 스펙트럼에서는 격자 상수에 비례하였으며, 각도 스펙트럼에서는 입사 전자기파의 정상 파동 벡터에 반비례하였다. SiO/SiO₂와 TiO₂/SiO₂ 다층 유전체 스택으로 구성된 두 개의 소자에 대한 수치해석 결과를 제시하여, BSW가 적외선에서 가시 영역에 이르는 대역에서 효율적인 회절 기반 바이오 센서를 실현하는 데 활용 될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.657-663
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• 2012

The spherical mesoporous silica is synthesized and incorporated with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots(QDs) for preparing micro beads to detect toxic and bio-materials with high sensitivity. The spherical silica beads with the brunauer-emmett-telle(BET) average pore size of 15 nm were prepared with a ratio 1, 3, 5-trimethylbenzen, as a swelling agent, to the block-copolymer template surfactant of over 1 and under vigorous mixing condition. The surface of spherical mesoporous silica is modified using octadecylsilane for incorporating QDs. Based on photoluminescence(PL) spectra, the relative brightness of mesoporous silica beads incorporated with 10 nM of QDs is 79,000 times brighter than that of Rodamine 6 G.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.301-307
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• 2011

Purpose: If the tooth structure is damaged, then it is impossible to regenerate the tooth. The materials used to restore the tooth structure are not related to the composition of the tooth. The materials used to restore the structure can't replace the natural tooth because they just fill the defective structure. Calcium phosphate cement remineralizes the dentin and almost replaces the natural tooth, but there are some disadvantages. We conducted basic tests with Biomimetic CPC (Bio-CPC) to make sure of the possibility of the biomaterial to remineralize the defective tooth structure. Methods: In this study, the bioactivity and biocompatibility of Bio-CPC were evaluated for its potential value as the bio-material for regeneration of damaged tooth structure by conducting a cell toxicity assay (WST-1 assay), a cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, a chromosomal aberration test, total RNA extraction and RT-PCR on MDPC-23 mouse odontoblast-like cells. Results: The in vitro cytotoxicity test showed that the Bio-CPC was fairly cytocompatible for the MDPC-23 mouse odontoblast-like cells. Conclusion: Bio-CPC has a possibility to be a new biomaterial and further study of Bio-CPC is needed.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2012

Purpose: The objective of this study is to find out physical properties and the flexural strength changed by the low temperature degradation of the block which is needed to make bio-prosthetic dentistry which is better than feldspar affiliated ceramic made by building up ceramic powder and also to apply this to the clinical use of zirconia monolithic all-ceramic crown. Methods: Flexural strength of each sample was evaluated before and after the Low Temperature Degradation, and physical properties of the Tetra Zirconia Block containing 3mol % was evaluated as well. The average and standard deviation of each experimental group were came out of the evaluation. Statistical package for social science 18.0 was used for statistics. Results: The average density of the monolithic all-ceramic crown was $6.0280{\pm}0.0147g/cm$, the relative density was 99.01 %. When the sample was sintered at $1480^{\circ}C$ the diameter of average particle was $396.62{\pm}33.71nm$. All the samples had no monolithic peak after XRD evaluation but only had tetragonal peak. There were statistically significant differences in the result of flexural strength of the samples evaluated after and before the low temperature degradation, the flexural strength before the low temperature degradation was $1747.40{\ss}{\acute{A}}$, at the temperature of $130^{\circ}C$ the flexural strength after the low temperature degradation was 1063.99MPa (p<0.001). There was statistically significant difference in the result of strength of 1020.07MPa after the low temperature degradation at the temperature of $200^{\circ}C$ (p<0.001). Conclusion: The block which was made for this evaluation possesses such an excellent strength among dental restorative materials that it is thought to have no problems to use for tetragonal zirconia polycrystal.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1119-1123
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• 2014

Head and neck cancers (HNC) are extremely complex disease types and it is likely that chromosomal instability is involved in the genetic mechanisms of its genesis. However, there is little information regarding the background levels of chromosome instability in these patients. In this pilot study, we examined spontaneous chromosome instability in short-term lymphocyte cultures (72 hours) from 72 study subjects - 36 newly diagnosed HNC squamous cell carcinoma patients and 36 healthy ethnic controls. We estimated chromosome instability (CIN) using chromosomal aberration (CA) analysis and nuclear level anomalies using the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus Cytome Assay (CBMN Cyt Assay). The proliferation rates in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were assessed by calculating the Cytokinesis Block Proliferation Index (CBPI). Our results showed a significantly higher mean level of spontaneous chromosome type aberrations (CSAs), chromatid type aberration (CTAs) dicentric chromosomes (DIC) and chromosome aneuploidy (CANE UP) in patients (CSAs, $0.0294{\pm}0.0038$; CTAs, $0.0925{\pm}0.0060$; DICs, $0.0213{\pm}0.0003$; and CANE UPs, $0.0308{\pm}0.0035$) compared to controls (CSAs, $0.0005{\pm}0.0003$; CTAs, $0.0058{\pm}0.0015$; DICs, $0.0005{\pm}0.0003$; and CANEUPs, $0.0052{\pm}0.0013$) where p<0.001l. Similarly, spontaneous nuclear anomalies showed significantly higher mean level of micronuclei (MNi), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) among cases (MNi, $0.01867{\pm}0.00108$; NPBs, $0.0156{\pm}0.00234$; NBUDs, $0.00658{\pm}0.00068$) compared with controls (MNi, $0.00027{\pm}0.00009$; NPBs, $0.00002{\pm}0.00002$; NBUDs, $0.00011{\pm}0.00007$).The evaluation of CBPI supported genomic instability in the peripheral blood lymphocytes showing a significantly lower proliferation rate in HNC patients ($1.525{\pm}0.005552$) compared to healthy subjects ($1.686{\pm}0.009520$) (p<0.0001). In conclusion, our preliminary results showed that visible spontaneous genomic instability and low rate proliferation in the cultured peripheral lymphocytes of solid tumors could be biomarkers to predict malignancy in early stages.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2020

지구온난화에 따른 연안의 해수면 상승은 해안에 가해지는 파랑에너지의 상승을 유발한다. 이러한 해수면의 상승은 상대적으로 수심이 깊어지는 효과를 초래하고 이는 과거 발생하지 않았던 해안지역의 침식 및 해빈에서의 모래를 유실시킨다. 일반적으로 연안침식에 대응하는 방법은 호안을 쌓아 보호하게 되는 경성공법으로 외력의 변화에 따라 현장여건에 맞는 호안의 경사, 단면형상 및 재료를 선택하게 된다. 하지만 현상에 대한 불충분한 이해에 근거한 공법 적용으로 다양한 피해가 발생하고 있으며, 이는 신뢰도 향상을 위한 기술개발 및 융합기술 도입의 필요성을 보여준다. 본 연구에서는 파랑저감에 효과적인 다공성 구조물 바이오코스트(Biocoast)를 활용하여 해안침식피해억제를 위한 친환경 투수 바이오폴리머 콘크리트 블록을 개발하였다. 자연에서 내구성이 강하고 안정된 구조인 벌집, 주상절리, 클로버에서 정육각형 모양과 삼각형의 복합체로 디자인을 도출하였으며, 월파방지와 처오름 현상 감소를 위해 바이오코스트로 요철(凹凸)을 적용하도록 디자인에 변화를 가하였다. 한국 동해안의 해수욕장의 자연조건을 반영하여 디자인 한 블록의 중량과 크기를 계산하여 실형을 제작하고 이를 현장에의 설치를 앞두고 있다. 특히, 자연해변 및 호안시설에 대해 자연 및 인위적 외력에 의한 침식과 세굴로부터 연안을 보호하고, 블록의 단위화를 통해 품질관리 및 공정관리의 효율성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료되며 하천, 호수의 호안과 자연산책로에 확장 적용하고자 한다.

• 공업화학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.121-133
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• 2014

ABA형태의 삼중블록공중합체는 고무상과 유리상의 상대적 성분에 좌우되는 열가소성 탄성체와 강화 플라스틱으로써 유용하다. 이러한 물질은 다른 고분자와 혼합하여 첨가제, 강화제, 상용화제로써 기능성을 줄 수 있다. 상업적으로 유용한 대부분의 블록 공중합체는 석유로부터 유래된다. 지구상의 유한한 화석자원 공급과 석유 사용 및 채굴에 관련된 경제, 환경적 비용을 고려하면 그 대안은 매력적이다. 이러한 흐름에 더하여 미래 지속 가능한 물질의 최종 용도를 위한 설계 및 그 실행이 요구되고 있다. 본 총설에서는 재생 가능한 ABA 형태의 삼중블록 공중합체 합성과 특성을 살펴보고, 특히 공중합체의 경성부분을 위한 높은 유리 전이온도 혹은 녹는점을 지닌 식물 유래 폴리올레핀과 다당류 유래 폴리락타이드와 공중합체의 연성부분을 위한 바이오 기반, 낮은 유리 전이온도, 무결정의 탄화수소계 고분자에 대해 논의하려고 한다. 이를 위해서 다양하게 제어된 고분자 중합법은 강력한 도구임이 증명되고 있다. 이러한 혼성 고분자의 정교한 합성에 관한 연구는 재생가능성, 생분해성, 고성능을 지닌 새로운 탄성체와 강화 플라스틱의 발전을 이끌고 있다.