• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.387-395
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• 2020

This study has been carried out in two-phases to develop Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete (FRSCC) performance. In the first phase, the composition of the quaternary composite binder compromised CEM I 42.5N (58-70%), Rice Husk Ash (25-37%), quartz sand (2.5-7.5%) and limestone crushing waste (2.5-7.5%) were optimized. And in the second phase, the effect of two fiber types (steel brass-plated and basalt) was investigated on the SCC optimized with the optimum CB as disperse reinforcement at 6 different ratios of 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0% by weight of mix for each type. In this study, the theoretical principles of the synthesis of self-compacting dispersion-reinforced concrete have been developed which consists of optimizing structure-formation processes through the use of a mineral modifier, together with ground crushed cement in a vario-planetary mill to a specific surface area of 550 m2 / kg. The amorphous silica in the modifier composition intensifies the binding of calcium hydroxide formed during the hydration of C3S, helps reduce the basicity of the cement-composite, while reducing the growth of portlandite crystals. Limestone particles contribute to the formation of calcium hydrocarbonate and, together with fine ground quartz sand; act as microfiller, clogging the pores of the cement. Furthermore, the results revealed that the effect of fiber addition improves the mechanical properties of FRSCC. It was found that the steel fiber performed better than basalt fiber on tensile strength and modulus of elasticity; however, both fibers have the same performance on the first crack strength and sample destruction of FRSCC. It also illustrates that there will be an optimum percentage of fiber addition.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.60-69
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• 2004

Application methods of chemicals were investigated to minimize strength reduction of corrugated boards under the high humidity environment encountered in the cold chain system. Starch insolubilizers were introduced in the starch solution preparation of the Stein hall method and their insolubilization effect of starch binder were estimated. The performance of water repellent agents(WRA) and moisture proof agents(MPA) were evaluated in terms of water and moisture resistance. And effects of the combination of the chemicals and the coating method were also examined. Addition of the polyamine polyamide insolubilizer to the main part in the Stein hall process improved the binding force and water resistance of starch, which contributed to minimize the strength reduction of paper under the high humidity environment. AZC and Glyoxal type insolubilizers could not be used in the experiment due to an excessively increased viscosity of starch solution and the poor stability. Conventional WRA treatment to the base paper enhanced water and moisture resistance very slightly even though water repellency of the paper reached R10 by the treatment. MPA showed excellent performance than WRA not only in water and moisture resistance but in water repellency. Double coating on paper with MPA was more effective than the single coating at the same coating weight. A newly developed MPA showed excellent performance and runnability only by a single coating instead of a double coating.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2023

Natural pozzolans are used as additives in cement to develop more durable and high-performance concrete. Pozzolanic activity index (PAI) is important for assessing the performance of a pozzolan as a binding material and has an important effect on the compressive strength, permeability, and chemical durability of concrete mixtures. However, the determining of the 28 days (short term) and 90 days (long term) PAI of concrete mixtures is a time-consuming process. In this study, to reduce extensive experimental work, it is aimed to predict the short term and long term PAIs as a function of the chemical compositions of various natural pozzolans. For this purpose, the chemical compositions of various natural pozzolans from Central Anatolia were determined with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The mortar samples were prepared with the natural pozzolans and then, the short term and the long term PAIs were calculated based on compressive strength method. The effect of the natural pozzolans' chemical compositions on the short term and the long term PAIs were evaluated and the PAIs were predicted by using multiple linear regression (MLR) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model. The prediction model results show that both reactive SiO₂ and SiO₂+Al₂O₃+Fe₂O₃ contents are the most effective parameters on PAI. According to the performance of prediction models determined with metrics such as root mean squared error (RMSE) and coefficient of correlation (R²), ANFIS models are more feasible than the multiple regression model in predicting the 28 days and 90 days pozzolanic activity. Estimation of PAIs based on the chemical component of natural pozzolana with high-performance prediction models is going to make an important contribution to material engineering applications in terms of selection of favorable natural pozzolana and saving time from tedious test processes.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2016

연료전지에서의 전체 반응 속도는 산화전극에서 일어나는 수소산화반응에 비해 그 반응 속도가 현저히 느린 환원전극에서의 산소환원반응(oxygen reduction reaction, ORR)에 의해 결정된다. ORR 효율성 평가를 용이하게 하는 지표(descriptor)로서 촉매 표면에서의 산소원자 흡착강도를 활용하는데, 산소흡착강도는 촉매 표면의 기하학적 구조 변형에 따른 전자구조를 변형함으로써 조절할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 백금 표면의 원자모델을 이용하여 표면의 기하학적 구조가 산소흡착강도에 미치는 영향과 그 원인을 밀도범함수이론(density functional theory, DFT) 계산을 통해 분석하였다. 먼저, 기하학적 구조를 인위적으로 변형시킨 Pt(111) 표면에서의 산소흡착반응을 밀도범함수이론 계산을 이용해 분석함으로써 기하학적 구조변화가 산소흡착강도에 미치는 영향(strain effect)을 확인하였다. 최적화한 Pt 격자상수($3.977{\AA}$)에 ${\pm}1%$ 간격의 변화율을 적용하고 각 변화율마다의 산소흡착강도를 계산하였는데, Pt-Pt 원자 간 거리가 멀어질수록 산소흡착강도가 강해지는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 원자 간 거리가 증가할수록 d-band center가 페르미 준위(Fermi level)쪽으로 이동하게 되며, 이로써 일부 반결합 오비탈(anti-bonding orbitals)에 전자가 채워지지 않기 때문에 전체적으로 반결합 오비탈이 형성될 가능성이 적어지기 때문이다. 결과적으로, 순수한 백금이 가진 격자상수($3.9771{\AA}$) 보다 약 2~4% 작은 백금 표면 격자크기를 가질 수 있도록 유도할 수 있다면 산소흡착강도가 적절히 약하게 조절될 수 있으며, 이는 순수한 백금보다 더 향상된 ORR 성능을 가진 촉매물질 개발 연구를 위한 기초자료로서 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 아교의 접착 특성 향상을 위해 가교제(Cross-linking Agent)를 첨가하는 방법으로 젤라틴 결합력을 증대하였다. 제니핀 첨가 아교는 물성 측정, 구조 분석, 색잔류도, 용출도, 파단강도를 측정하였으며, 수분과 자외선에 대한 내수성과 내광성을 비교하였다. 연구 결과 겔강도와 점도는 제니핀 첨가량에 따라 증가하였다. 구조분석 결과, 젤라틴에서는 구조적으로 안정된 콜라겐의 3중 구조의 흡수 피크가 관찰되었다. 색잔류도 결과, 명도가 낮아지기 때문에 피막이 관찰되는 것으로 판단된다. 용출량은 $50^{\circ}C$ 증류수에서 제니핀 첨가량이 증가할수록 용출된 아교 양이 증가하였고 파단강도는 제니핀 첨가량에 따라 증가하였다. 내수성과 내광성은 제니핀 첨가에 따른 열화 전 후 양상이 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 제니핀 첨가 아교의 접착 특성을 확인할 수 있었으며 아교에 적용 가능한 실험 방법을 고찰하였다. 제니핀을 첨가한 후에도 아교 고유의 특성인 유연성, 재용해성, 접착력, 경화속도가 사라지지 않고 향상되기 때문에 균질한 아교가 확보된다면 문화재 보존 및 아교 제작에 적용이 가능할 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to develop a transurethral liquid suppository containing prostaglandin $E_1\;(PGE_1)-loaded$ microemulsion, which undergoes a phase transition to gels at body temperature. The effects of oils, ethanol as solvent and HCl as pH-controlling agent on the physicochemical properties of liquid suppositories composed of poloxamer P 407, P 188 and carbopol was investigated. The stability of $PGE_1$ and release of $PGE_1$ from liquid suppository were evaluated. Oils such as Neobee and soybean oil significantly decreased the gelation temperature but increased the gel strength of liquid suppository due to their strongly binding with the components of liquid suppository base. However, ethanol slightly did the opposite. The pH of liquid suppositories hardly affected the gelation temperature and gel strength due to addition of very small HCl (0.005-0.01%). A liquid suppository [$PGE_1/P$ 407/P 188/carbopol/Neobee/ethanol/HCl (0.2/14/14/0.4/7/2/0.005%)], which had the gelation temperature $(34.2{\pm}0.6^{\circ}C)$ and gel strength $(31.35{\pm}4.37\;sec)$ suitable for liquid suppository system, was easily administered and not leak out from the body. About 60% of $PGE_1$ was released out within 2 h from this formulation. It was shown that the release of $PGE_1$ was proportional to the square root of time, indicating that $PGE_1$ might be released from the suppository by Fickian diffusion. It was stable at $4^{\circ}C$ for at least 2 months. The results suggest that transurethral liquid suppository containing prostaglandin $E_1-loaded$ microemulsion is thought to be a convenient, safe and effective dosage form for $PGE_1$. However, it should be further developed as a more convenient and stable dosage form for $PGE_1$.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2011

이 연구는 친환경적인 콘크리트 결합재로서 천연황토의 적용 가능성을 알아보기 위해 지오폴리머 반응법(geopolymerization)으로 얻어진 천연황토 경화체의 특성을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 천연황토와 알칼리 용액을 1 : 0.55 비율로 혼합하여 천연황토 페이스트를 제조하고 $60^{\circ}C$와 $20^{\circ}C$에서 양생시켜 재령에 따른 압축강도와 중량변화를 측정하였다. 또한, X-ray 회절분석(XRD)을 통해 반응 생성물을 확인하고 그 형상을 주사전자현미경(SEM)으로 촬영하였으며 수은압입법으로 경화체의 공극률을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 지오폴리머 반응법으로 얻어진 천연황토 경화체는 액상 규산나트륨($Na_2SiO_3$)와 8 M 수산화나트륨(NaOH) 수용액을 1:4.5비율로 제조한 알칼리 용액을 사용하고 $60^{\circ}C$에서 7일간 양생하였을 때 압축강도 29.1 MPa을 발현하는 천연황토 페이스트의 제조가 가능하였다. 또한, 개별 양생온도($20^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$)에서 압축강도 발현은 수분증발 비율에 따라 유사한 경향을 나타내므로 수분증발에 유리한 높은 양생 온도에서 반응을 유도하는 것이 조기 강도 발현에 유리한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2015년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.57-58
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• 2015

In this research the processing method of Desulfurized Plaster is changed to cyclotomy, 0.3mm sieve analysis and 500℃ heat exposure, and by changing the mix rate of the binding agent to 0~20%, it was applied to mortar that used cyclic aggregate and blast furnace slag for testing. The test results showed that the flow decreased in the order of cyclotomy, high heat exposure, and sieve analysis according to the mix rate of FGD, and while the air volume decreased for cyclotomy, it was shown to have almost no effect on sieve analysis and high heat exposure. The setting time accelerated as the mixing rate of FGD increased, and the compression strength increased as the mixing rate of FGD increased and especially showed a high trend with cyclotomy and sieve analysis.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2015년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.55-56
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• 2015

In this research the processing method of Desulfurized Plaster is changed to cyclotomy, 0.3mm sieve analysis and 500℃ heat exposure, and by changing the mix rate of the binding agent to 0~20%, it was applied to mortar that used natural aggregate and blast furnace slag for testing. The test results showed that the sieve analysis and high heat exposure of the flow and air volume increased according to the increase of mixing rate of FGD while the cyclotomy decreased. The setting time accelerated as the mixing rate of FGD increased, and the compression strength increased to its maximum when the mixing rate of FGD was right around 10%, and especially showed a high trend with cyclotomy and sieve analysis.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2017

In the present work, a design of experiment (DOE) technique using Taguchi method, has been applied to optimize the properties of ODS tungsten heavy alloys(WHAs). In this work Taguchi method involves nine experiments groups for four processing parameters (compaction pressure, sintering temperature, binding material type, and oxide type) with three levels was implemented. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to obtain the optimal process parameter levels and to analyze the effect of these parameters on density, electrical conductivity, hardness and compressive strength values. The results showed that all the chosen factors have significant effects on all properties of ODS tungsten heavy alloys samples. The density, electrical conductivity and hardness increases with the increase in sintering temperature. The analysis of the verification experiments for the physical properties (density and Electrical conductivity) has shown that Taguchi parameter design can successfully verify the optimal parameters, where the difference between the predicted and the verified values of relative density and electrical conductivity is about 1.01% and 1.15% respectively.