• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of garlic diet on blood coagulation in cholesterol-fed rats. 36 male rats were divided into six groups and fed experimental diet for three weeks. Two-levels (2% and 4%) of fresh and boiled garlic were supplemented to the stock diet with 2% cholesterol and 0.25% bile salt for the experimental diet. After the rats fed with experimental diets during 3 weeks, the whole blood coagulation time, the content of plasma fibrinogen, the fibrinolytic activity and the prothrombin time were measured. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Garlic diet have no influence on body weight and food consumption in rats. 2. In the case of cholesterol-fed group, the whole blood coagulation time was decreased 24.3% compared with the normal group(A). But garlic diet group(C) was similar to the normal group(A) and groupD-F was increased 4.9-11.5%. 3. The content of plasma fibrinogen of cholesterol-fed group was higher 114.5% than that of normal gropu(A). In the garlic diets(C-F) the contents of plasma fibrinogen were increased 33.1-63.8%. 4. The fibrinolytic activity of cholesterol diet was decreased 16.2% compared with the normal group(A) but was increased 10.9-44.5% compared to the garlic diets(C-F). 5. The prothrombin time of cholesterol-fed group was decreased 8.9% compared with normal group(A) but was increased 8.0-46.3% in garlic diets(C-F). As mentioned above, the garlic diets increased whole blood coagulation time, prothrombin time and fibrinolytic activity and decreased the content of fibrinogen. For that reason it is thought that the garlic diets have a anticoagulation effect regulating the fibrinogen synthesis in liver.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1994

To increase the dissolution rate of practically insoluble biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB), various solid dispersions were prepared with water soluble carriers, such as povidone (PVP K-30), poloxamer 407, sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000, at drug to carrier ratios of 1:3, 1:5 and 1:10 (w/w) by solvent or fusion method. Dissolution test was performed by the paddle method. The dissolution rate of DDB tablets (25 mg) on market was found to be very low (11.44, 9.02 and 6.42% at pH 1.2, 4.0 and 6.5 after 120 min, respectively). However, dissolution rates of DDB from various solid dispersions were very fast and reached supersaturation within 10 min. DDB-PEG 6000 solid dispersion appeared to be better in enhancing the in vitro dissolution rate than others. Furthermore, the incorporation of DDB and phosphatidylcholine (PC) into ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ at ratios of 1:2:20, 1:5:20 and 1:10:20 resulted in a 4.9-, 11.2- and 19.6-fold increase in DDB dissolution after 120 min as compared with the pure drug, respectively. This might be attributed to the formation of lipid vesicles which entrapped a certain concentration of DDB during dissolution. On the other hand, the permeation of DDB through rabbit duodenal mucosa was examined using some enhancers such as SDC, sod. glycocholate (SGC) and glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt (GAA). Only trace amounts of DDB were found to permeate through deuodenal mucosa in the absence of enhancer. SDC was found to markedly decrease the permeation flux of DDB, however, SGC and GAA (5 mM) enhanced the flux of DDB 1.6 and 2.4 times higher as compared with no additive, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.883-892
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• 2018

Probiotics, including Enterococcus faecium, confer a health benefit on the host. An Enterococcus strain was isolated from healthy chicken cecum, identified as E. faecium by 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis, and designated as E. faecium L11. To evaluate the potential of E. faecium L11 as a probiotic, the gastrointestinal tolerance, immunomodulatory activity, and lifespan extension properties of the strain were assayed. E. faecium L11 showed >66% and >62% survival in artificial gastric juice (0.3% pepsin, pH 2.5) and simulated small intestinal juice (0.5% bile salt and 0.1% pancreatin), respectively. Heat-killed E. faecium L11 significantly (p < 0.05) increased immune cell proliferation compared with controls, and stimulated the production of cytokines (IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$) by activated macrophages obtained from ICR mice. In addition, E. faecium L11 showed a protective effect against Salmonella Typhimurium infection in Caenorhabditis elegans. In addition, feeding E. faecium L11 significantly (p < 0.05) extended the lifespan of C. elegans compared with the control. Furthermore, genes related to aging and host defense were upregulated in E. faecium L11-fed worms. In conclusion, E. faecium L11, which prolongs the lifespan of C. elegans, may be a potent probiotic supplement for livestock.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.334-344
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• 2014

백김치로부터 분리된 유산균으로 제조된 요구르트를 냉장 보관하는 동안 미생물학적 및 물리화학적 특성 및 Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504에 대한 항균 활성을 조사하였다. 요구르트의 유산균수, 적정산도, 점도 및 총 고형물 함량은 사용된 균주에 따라 유의적인 차이가 있었으나, 발효 직후부터 7일간 저장하는 동안 유의할만한 차이 없이 일정하게 유지되었다. Lactobacillus brevis BK11과 Lactobacillus paracasei BK57 균주로 발효시킨 요구르트는 인공 위액과 담즙액에 대해 다른 균주들 보다 강한 저항성을 보였다. 한편, 이들 유산균으로 제조한 요구르트 내에 존재하는 유산 생성량은 상대적으로 높았으므로 H. pylori와 혼합 배양한 결과 대조구에 비해 유의적인 항균 효과를 나타낸 것으로 추정되었다. 특히, L. brevis BK11에 의해 발효시킨 요구르트에 의해선 AGS 세포에 대한 H. pylori의 부착을 억제할 수 있었고, 이들이 생산하는 urease의 활성을 낮추는데도 효과적이라는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.377-382
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 한국 전통식품인 김치에서 분리된 LAB를 이용하여 콜레스테롤 감소능을 가지고 있는 LAB를 분리하고 그 특성을 규명하였다. 23 종의 분리 LAB 중에서 L. plantarum FMB 31 균주가 99.4%의 높은 콜레스테롤 감소 활성을 나타내었고, 프로바이오틱스로서 활용하기 위한 중요한 특성인 내담즙성, 내산성 그리고 내염성 등이 대조구로 사용된 L. rhamnosus KCTC 5033 균주보다 우수하거나 동등하였다. 또한 L. plantarum FMB 31 균주는 인체 안전성과 관련된 용혈독성 및 생체아민 생성능 실험에서도 안전성에 문제가 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 향후, 이 분리균은 콜레스테롤 저하 기능을 가지는 다양한 건강 기능 식품 개발에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.352-359
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• 2009

마늘의 항균력에 저항성을 갖는 유산균을 분리하기 위해서 마늘 추출물이 첨가된 배지에서 생육하는 112 균주를 김치, 젓갈, 장아찌류로부터 분리하였다. 이 중에서 14균주에 대해서 내산성 및 내담즙성 그리고, 가축 병원성 세균인 Salmonella choleraesuis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flesneri에 대해 항균력을 조사한 결과, 파김치 유래의 P'GW50-2 균주가 가장 우수한 특성을 지니고 있어 생균제로 이용 가능한 균주로 선발하였다. 선발된 균주는 16S rRNA 유전자의 염기서열 분석결과 Lactobacillus plantarum으로 동정되었고 L. plantarum TJ-LP-002으로 명명하였다. L. plantarum TJ-LP-002는 Bacillus cereus, S. aureus, Clostridium perfringens와 같은 Gram 양성균과 Aeromonas hydrophila, E. coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Shigella와 같은 Gram 음성균에 대해서 비교적 넓은 항균활성을 나타내었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2018

Halophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from myeolchi-jeotgal (23% NaCl, w/v) fermented in jangdok (Korean earthenware) located outside a house. They were identified as Tetragenococcus halophilus by 16S rRNA and recA gene sequencing. Four T. halophilus isolates showing high protease activities were selected for further studies. Four strains grew well, reaching $OD_{600}$ values of 0.75-0.92 at 18% NaCl content (w/v) and 0.28-0.44 at 23% salt. They showed rapid growth, attaining $OD_{600}$ values of 1.1-1.2 at $20-30^{\circ}C$, but did not grow at $4^{\circ}C$. At $15^{\circ}C$, the highest $OD_{600}$ values, which exceeded 0.6, were observed at 20 days, and were higher than those of cultures at $37^{\circ}C$ and $42^{\circ}C$ (approximately 0.5). Four isolates grew best in broth where the initial pH was adjusted to 8 and did not grow at $pH{\leq}4$. T. halophilus BS2-36 showed the highest survival ratio of 18.7% after 2 hours of exposure at pH 3. BS2-36 showed the highest survival ratio (1.29%) in presence of 0.3% bile salts. T. halophilus BS2-36 seems a promising candidate as a starter for jeotgal and other fermented foods with high salinities.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1478-1487
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• 2019

Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, substantially impacts patients' health-related quality of life. In this study, an effective strategy for discovering high-efficiency probiotics has been developed. First, in order to survive in the conditions of the stomach and intestine, high bile salt-resistant and strong acid-resistant strains were screened out from the fecal flora of healthy adults. Next, the probiotic candidates were rescreened by examining the induction ability of IL-10 (anti-inflammatory factor) production in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice, and Lactobacillus sakei 07 (L07) was identified and selected as probiotic P. In the end, fourteen bifidobacterium strains isolated from stools of healthy males were examined for their antimicrobial activity. Bifidobacterium bifidum B10 (73.75% inhibition rate) was selected as probiotic B. Moreover, the colonic IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ expression of the DSS-induced colitis mice treated with L. sakei 07 (L07) - B. bifidum B10 combination (PB) significantly decreased and the IL-10 expression was up-regulated by PB compared to the DSS group. Furthermore, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria decreased and Firmicutes increased in the DSS group mice, significantly. More interestingly, the intestinal flora biodiversity of DSS colitis mice was increased by PB. Of those, the level of B. bifidum increased significantly. The Bacteriodetes/Firmicutes (B/F) ratio increased, and the concentration of homocysteine and LPS in plasma was down-regulated by PB in the DSS-induced colitis mice. Upon administration of PB, the intestinal permeability of the the DSS-induced colitis mice was decreased by approximately 2.01-fold. This method is expected to be used in high-throughput screening of the probiotics against colitis. In addition, the L. sakei 07 - B. bifidum B10 combination holds potential in UC remission by immunomodulatory and gut microbiota modulation.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.459-473
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• 2019

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) has low resistance to low pH and bile salt in the gastrointestinal juice. In this study, the gel made from whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pullulan (PUL) was used as the wall material to prepare the microencapsulation for LGG protection. The gelation process was optimized and the properties of gel were also determined. The results showed the optimal gel was made from 10% WPC and 8.0% PUL at pH 7.5, which could get the best protective effect; the viable counts of LGG were 6.61 Log CFU/g after exposure to simulated gastric juice (SGJ) and 9.40 Log CFU/g to simulated intestinal juice (SIJ) for 4 h. Sodium dodecyl sulphite polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) confirmed that the WPC-PUL gel had low solubility in SGJ, but dissolved well in SIJ, which suggested that the gel can protect LGG under SGJ condition and release probiotics in the SIJ. Moreover, when the gel has highest hardness and water-holding capacity, the viable counts of LGG were not the best, suggesting the relationship between the protection and the properties of the gel was non-linear.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1144-1153
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• 2021

A released exopolysaccharide (rEPS)-producing strain (LM187) with good acid resistance, bile salt resistance, and cholesterol-lowering properties was isolated from Sichuan paocai and identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides. The purified rEPS, designated as rEPS414, had a uniform molecular weight of 7.757 × 10⁵ Da. Analysis of the monosaccharide composition revealed that the molecule was mainly composed of glucose. The Fourier transform-infrared spectrum showed that rEPS414 contained both α-type and β-type glycosidic bonds. ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra analysis showed that the purified rEPS contained arabinose, galactose, and rhamnose, but less uronic acid. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the exopolysaccharide displayed a large number of scattered, fluffy, porous cellular network flake structures. In addition, rEPS414 exhibited strong in vitro antioxidant activity. These results showed that strain LM187 and its rEPS are promising probiotics with broad prospects in industry.