• Title/Summary/Keyword: bidding

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The Recent Trend on Oil and Gas Industry in Canada (캐나다 오일, 가스 산업 최신 동향 분석)

  • Seo, Hyeogjun;Moon, Bryan;Kwon, Sunil
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.10-19
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    • 2017
  • This paper presents the status and characteristics of oil and gas industry and the guideline for investment of producing asset or petroleum and natural gas rights(PNG rights) in Canada. The Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin(WSCB) consists of around 11 main formations, and petroleum has actively been produced at the Montney, Cardium, Viking and Bakken formation. However, the drilling activity declined to 1,917 in Q1, 2016 from 5,724 in Q1, 2014 and 3,365 in Q1, 2015 which dropped 67% and 43% respectively because of the low oil price since 2014. Also, the price of oil and gas asset decreased 34~47% on reserves and production base, and the PNG rights for development decreased 81~97% based on total bidding price, bidding area and unit bidding price. Therefore, it is very favorable environment for Korean companies entering into the Canadian petroleum business especially in PNG rights acquisition which needs smaller investment compare to asset acquisition and shows sharpest value depreciation.

Adaptive Load Balancing based on Consistency (일관성에 기초한 적응 부하 평형)

  • Kim, Jun-Hyeong;O, Ha-Ryeong;Lee, Jae-Mun
    • The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.288-298
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    • 1995
  • Load balancing attempts to improve the performance of a distributed computing system by transferring some of the workload of a congested site to others. A load balancing scheme that supports both the source-initiated and the server- initiated load balancing is proposed in this paper. It can model both the m/m/1 queue(no load balancing) and the m/m/n queue(perfect load balancing) as the extreme State variables are replicated into every site, and copy consistency constraints are relaxed more weakly. We propose weak copy consistency constraints which correlate the outdated state information to that of the current state. We also derive sufficient conditions under which each scheduler can guarantee the load balancing without communication Using this model, the problem of load balancing is converted to that of maintaining the consistency of states and communication overhead becomes less than that of the bidding algorithm. The scheme is simulated by event tracing, compared to the two extreme cases and the bidding algorithm. The results show that the mean response time and the number of messages are reduced by 0-35% and 40-100% respectively, compared with the bidding algorithm. Finally the effects of some system parameters are described.

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Development of ITB Risk Mgt. Model Based on AI in Bidding Phase for Oversea EPC Projects (플랜트 EPC 해외 사업을 위한 입찰단계 시 AI 기반의 ITB Risk 관리 모델 개발)

  • Lee, Don-Hee;Yoon, Gun-Ho;Kim, Jeong-Joon
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.151-160
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    • 2019
  • EPC companies to continue operating overseas, it is increasingly becoming apparent that risk is no longer something to be avoided but a subject to be managed. During the bidding stage, the requirements, specifications and project line items within the bid package must be studied in details to analyze the various risk factors in order to avoid cost overruns. However, reviewing vast quantities of bidding documents is time consuming and labor intensive and is not an easy task and this is where automated information technology can help. For this study, I have constructed an ITB analysis model based on Watson AI that can analyze and apply vast amount of documents more effectively in a short time. Configuration of the Watson Explorer AI architecture for AI-based ITB risk management model research, the selection of learning procedures and analysis subjects, and the performance evaluation criteria were defined, and a test bed was constructed to conduct a pilot research. Consequently, I verified the effectiveness of the analytical time reduction and the quality of its results and VOC operations by professionals.

Improvements for Ordering and Bidding of VE in Convergence Era (융복합시대 설계의 경제성 등 검토(VE) 발주 및 입찰시 문제점과 개선방안에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Myeong-Su;Yang, Hae-Sool
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.25-33
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    • 2016
  • The author of this study conducted a survey with the expert groups who are currently handling hands-on works in convergence cities, ordering organizations, construction management companies, contractors, schools and research institutes, etc. The results of empirical analysis can be summarized as follows: First, there is no difference in distribution among the problems with position and the bidding system of private contracts. Second, there is relevance between position and the adequacy of current design VE ordering system, indicating different recognition. Third, there is no difference in distribution between organizations and the adequacy of current design VE ordering system. Fourth, there is difference in distribution between organizations and service price adequacy and there is difference in recognition by organization when organizations mutually recognize the service price adequacy. Fifth, there is difference in distribution between career and the necessity of the participating companies' qualification. Sixth, there is difference in distribution for the adequacy of career and the adequacy of participating companies' requirements. No problems have been found with the adequate service period according to private contract bidding system, but the necessity of participating companies' qualification and participating companies' requirements.

A Study on International Engineering Market Focusing on Engineering/Consulting Delivery System (엔지니어링 해외진출 활성화를 위한 유망국가 분석 - 시장 현황 및 입낙찰 절차를 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Sang-Bum;Kwak, Hyun-Jun
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.171-183
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    • 2013
  • Domestric Construction & Engineering market has been long in recession due to the global economic crisis. Domestic construction industries consequently looks at overseas construction markets where relatively more construction projects are constantly required. In order to provide meaningful information for Korean engineering companies to keep the pace with the changes in the construction industry, various construction related date and statistics are analyzed. In addition, previous research from the related organizations and construction engineering companies are closely reviewed. Investigation of preliminary data and research have been conducted to draw remedies for their overseas expansion. Moreover, it is attempted to classify foreign markets as the Asia, Africa and etc. (Europe, North America/the Pacific and Latin America) to provide the list of first target countries and its regional market information focusing on their bidding system. This study had tried to show comparative analysis of different bidding procedures between Korea and the selected countries to suggest measures of improvements for the domestic bidding system. Finally, this study suggested policy recommendations to meet the requirement of bid qualification to advance the global market that was suggested with validated clustering bidding data.

Estimation Method of the Competitive Bid-price in Bid-rigging of Public Construction (기댓값 분석에 따른 공공공사 입찰담합의 가상경쟁가격 산정방법)

  • Jeong, Kichang;Kim, Wooram;Kim, Namjoon;Lee, Jaeseob
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.52-60
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    • 2018
  • Korea's public construction projects are under construction through bidding, however, due to the nature of the bidding, collusion between participants can occur. The collusion of bids accordingly damages the client. So, it is necessary to calculate the appropriate fictitious competition price to compensate for this. In this regard, econometrics methods are generally used, but there are limitations and issues arising from the nature of construction, especially design-build bid. Therefore, this study proposes a method to estimate reasonable competitive bid-price in design-build bid. It derives the lowest bid-price from the design submitted by the proponent and estimates the competitive bid-price by examining the factors according to the penetration rate according to the technical level of the tester, the skill level of the competitor, and the type of tester. Based on the method proposed in this study, a reasonable price can be derived that reflects the characteristics of the design and construction bidding bidder selection method and also it can be used as a reference material in the actual bidding process as well as calculating the damage due to the answer.

Partnering Strategy for Bidding Success in World Bank's Vietnam Consulting Project (ODA 컨설팅 사업 낙찰을 위한 기업의 협업 전략 도출 - 세계은행의 베트남 사업을 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Jiseop;Lee, Jeonghun;Han, Seung Heon;Kang, Sin Young
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.38 no.6
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    • pp.1021-1028
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    • 2018
  • As entering the international construction market became more difficult than the past, ODA projects can be a breakthrough for domestic engineering companies to enter the international market. However, since many companies compete for limited projects, it is necessary to reinforce the competitiveness of bidding success. The competitiveness is the result of accumulating experience, reputation, and networking through partnering. Therefore, depending on which partnering strategy has been taken over a long period, the bidding success is decided. The objective of this study is to identify the effective partnering strategy for bidding success. For this, the World Bank bid results, focusing on consulting projects in Vietnam, are collected. Using the bid results, inter-firm network representing the partnering relationship is constructed and the Social Network Analysis is conducted. After then, by conducting the Logistic Regression Analysis, effective partnering strategies are suggested. The result shows that the diversification strategy is advantageous for transportation and city development projects and the concentration strategy is advantageous for water projects. The partnering strategy for the consulting project proposed in this study will be used as a reference for the domestic engineering companies to enter the Vietnam construction market in the future.

A Study on the Perception Gaps on the Causes and Improvement Measures of Bid Rigging in the Construction Industry due to the Abolition of Industry Regulations (업역규제 폐지에 따른 입찰담합의 원인과 개선방안에 관한 인식 차이)

  • Cho, Jin-ho;Shin, Young-Su;Kim, Byung-Soo
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.75-83
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    • 2024
  • This study examined the causes and remedies of bid-rigging in the construction industry through a survey of procurement practitioners. The study identified potential problems from the business, construction, and bidding environments, and proposed improvements to the procurement and bidding systems to address these problems. The study found that transparency, fairness, and diversity are important factors in reducing bid-rigging. These factors can be achieved through a variety of measures, such as expanding bidding systems, strengthening fairness standards, and increasing the diversity of participating companies. The study also found that unfair subcontracting regulations are a problem that needs to be addressed. There were differences in the perceptions of the causes of bid-rigging between the general and specialized construction groups. However, there was no difference in the perceptions of improvements to the procurement system between the two groups. This suggests that a consistent solution to bid-rigging can be found. The study's findings are expected to contribute to the resolution and prevention of bid-rigging in the construction industry.

An Empirical Study on Statistical Optimization Model for the Portfolio Construction of Sponsored Search Advertising(SSA) (키워드검색광고 포트폴리오 구성을 위한 통계적 최적화 모델에 대한 실증분석)

  • Yang, Hognkyu;Hong, Juneseok;Kim, Wooju
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.167-194
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    • 2019
  • This research starts from the four basic concepts of incentive incompatibility, limited information, myopia and decision variable which are confronted when making decisions in keyword bidding. In order to make these concept concrete, four framework approaches are designed as follows; Strategic approach for the incentive incompatibility, Statistical approach for the limited information, Alternative optimization for myopia, and New model approach for decision variable. The purpose of this research is to propose the statistical optimization model in constructing the portfolio of Sponsored Search Advertising (SSA) in the Sponsor's perspective through empirical tests which can be used in portfolio decision making. Previous research up to date formulates the CTR estimation model using CPC, Rank, Impression, CVR, etc., individually or collectively as the independent variables. However, many of the variables are not controllable in keyword bidding. Only CPC and Rank can be used as decision variables in the bidding system. Classical SSA model is designed on the basic assumption that the CPC is the decision variable and CTR is the response variable. However, this classical model has so many huddles in the estimation of CTR. The main problem is the uncertainty between CPC and Rank. In keyword bid, CPC is continuously fluctuating even at the same Rank. This uncertainty usually raises questions about the credibility of CTR, along with the practical management problems. Sponsors make decisions in keyword bids under the limited information, and the strategic portfolio approach based on statistical models is necessary. In order to solve the problem in Classical SSA model, the New SSA model frame is designed on the basic assumption that Rank is the decision variable. Rank is proposed as the best decision variable in predicting the CTR in many papers. Further, most of the search engine platforms provide the options and algorithms to make it possible to bid with Rank. Sponsors can participate in the keyword bidding with Rank. Therefore, this paper tries to test the validity of this new SSA model and the applicability to construct the optimal portfolio in keyword bidding. Research process is as follows; In order to perform the optimization analysis in constructing the keyword portfolio under the New SSA model, this study proposes the criteria for categorizing the keywords, selects the representing keywords for each category, shows the non-linearity relationship, screens the scenarios for CTR and CPC estimation, selects the best fit model through Goodness-of-Fit (GOF) test, formulates the optimization models, confirms the Spillover effects, and suggests the modified optimization model reflecting Spillover and some strategic recommendations. Tests of Optimization models using these CTR/CPC estimation models are empirically performed with the objective functions of (1) maximizing CTR (CTR optimization model) and of (2) maximizing expected profit reflecting CVR (namely, CVR optimization model). Both of the CTR and CVR optimization test result show that the suggested SSA model confirms the significant improvements and this model is valid in constructing the keyword portfolio using the CTR/CPC estimation models suggested in this study. However, one critical problem is found in the CVR optimization model. Important keywords are excluded from the keyword portfolio due to the myopia of the immediate low profit at present. In order to solve this problem, Markov Chain analysis is carried out and the concept of Core Transit Keyword (CTK) and Expected Opportunity Profit (EOP) are introduced. The Revised CVR Optimization model is proposed and is tested and shows validity in constructing the portfolio. Strategic guidelines and insights are as follows; Brand keywords are usually dominant in almost every aspects of CTR, CVR, the expected profit, etc. Now, it is found that the Generic keywords are the CTK and have the spillover potentials which might increase consumers awareness and lead them to Brand keyword. That's why the Generic keyword should be focused in the keyword bidding. The contribution of the thesis is to propose the novel SSA model based on Rank as decision variable, to propose to manage the keyword portfolio by categories according to the characteristics of keywords, to propose the statistical modelling and managing based on the Rank in constructing the keyword portfolio, and to perform empirical tests and propose a new strategic guidelines to focus on the CTK and to propose the modified CVR optimization objective function reflecting the spillover effect in stead of the previous expected profit models.

A Bidding Agent System supporting Optimal Value (최적 가격을 지원하는 역경매 에이전트 시스템)

  • 김경호;김상욱
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2001.10b
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    • pp.292-294
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    • 2001
  • 본 논문에서는 최소의 시간과 최적의 가격으로 경매를 진행하는 역경매 에이전트 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템은 경매의 진행단계에 따라 판매자들의 입력한 횟수 및 가격에 대한 정보를 바탕으로 최적 가격에 대한 가이드를 제공하여 구매자의 희망 가격에 근접한 최적의 가격으로 경매를 할 수 있도록 지원한다.

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