• 대한교통학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2008

교통신호와 개별 통행자의 경로선택은 서로 상호작용하는 관계이다. 통행자의 경로 선택은 교통신호에 따라 결정될 수 있으며 또한 최적의 교통신호 역시 이동류별 교통량에 따라 달라지게된다. 본 연구는 양방향 링크를 포함하는 4현시 교차로로 구성된 네트워크에서 모든 이동류에 대하여 교통신호의 영향을 반영할 수 있는 통행배정 모형을 구축하고 이를 신호최적화 문제와 결합하여 네트워크의 총 지체를 최소화하는 신호제어변수와 통행배정 결과를 산출하는 모형을 bi-level problem으로 구축하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 경로기반 통행배정 모형은 M.H. Xu 등이 제한한 Column Generation 방법의 일종인 heuristic Equilibrium Assignment 기법을 기반으로 하여 교차로의 이동류별 통행비용을 고려할 수 있도록 수정하여 구성하였으며 지체최소화를 목적함수로하는 신호최적화 방법론으로는 Genetic Algorithm을 사용하였다. 본 모형을 모의네트워크에 적용하여 실험한 결과 네트워크의 통행비용함수를 최소화하는 신호변수와 통행자의 경로선택 결과를 산출하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제31A권10호
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• pp.173-184
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• 1994

BiCMOS circuits mixed with CMOS and bipolar technologies show peculiar fault characteristics that are different from those of other technoloties. It has been reported that because most of short faults in BiCMOS circuits cause logically intermediate level at outputs, current monitoring method is required to detect these faluts. However current monitoring requires additional hardware capabilities in the testing equipment and evaluation of test responses can be more difficult. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of faults in BiCMOS circuit together with their test methods and propose a new design technique for testability to detect the faults by logic monitoring. An effective method to detect the transition delay faults induced by performance degradation by the open or short fault of bipolar transistors in BiCMOS circuits is presented. The proposed design-for-testability methods for BiCMOS circuits are confirmed by the SPICE simulation.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.373-377
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• 2017

This paper presents a voice-activity detection (VAD) method for sound sequences with various SNRs. For real-time VAD applications, it is inadequate to employ a post-processing for the removal of burst clippings from the VAD output decision. To tackle this problem, building on the bi-level hidden Markov model, for which a state layer is inserted into a typical hidden Markov model (HMM), we formulated a robust method for VAD not requiring any additional post-processing. In the method, a forward-inference-ratio test was devised to detect the speech endpoints and Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) were used as the features. Our experiment results show that, regarding different SNRs, the performance of the proposed approach is more outstanding than those of the conventional methods.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.6-10
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• 2008

In this study, the selective-wettability-inscription (SWI) technique for the wet-etchingless fabrication of surface microstructures applicable to wide-viewing liquid crystal displays (LCDs) on plastic substrates was demonstrated. On the basis of the selective wetting of the photopolymer, the bi-level microstructures were spontaneously formed to serve as spacers for maintaining uniform cell gap and protrusions for the generation of multi-domains. The LC cell that has bi-level microstructures shows good extinction in the field-off state and a wide-viewing property in the field-on state. The SWI technique would be useful for the fabrication of flexible displays on plastic substrates.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제12권20호
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• pp.97-104
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• 1989

본 연구는 계층구조를 갖는 시스템의 각 목적함수들에 퍼지(FUZZY)집합 개념을 적용한 이단계 선형계획 모형을 다목적계획법으로 다루었다. 선형멤버쉽 함수를 이용하여 전형적인 Bi-level Linear Programming Problem(BLPP)으로 변형시켰으며, 기존의 BLPP 해법을 이용한 변형된 해법을 주시하고 예제를 통한 계산결과를 제시하였다. 퍼지이단계선형계층 (FBLPP)은 BLPP보다 실제환경을 자연스럽게 묘사할 수 있다. FBLPP는 각 의사결정자가 다목적함수를 갖는 다목적 이단계수리계획 모형의 유효해를 구하는데 이용할 수 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.390-400
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• 2011

본 연구는 국내 창업보육센터 입주기업들을 대상으로 광범위한 설문조사를 통해 성장단계별로 창업보육센터 입주기업이 제공받는 지원서비스에 대한 중요도, 만족도 및 기대충족정도를 측정하고 분석함으로써, 창업보육센터의 효과적인 지원 및 자원배분전략 수립에 도움을 주고자 수행되었다. 분석결과, 입주기업들이 인지하는 중요도와 만족도에서 높은 순위를 차지하는 지원서비스의 종류와 중요도에서 만족도를 차감한 기대-충족정도에서 높은 순위를 차지하는 지원서비스의 종류 간에는 차이가 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 창업보육센터가 입주기업의 성장단계별로 보다 정교하고 효과적인 지원전략을 수립하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.168-179
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• 2015

We previously identified the rice gene, OsSAP, as an encoder of a highly conserved putative senescence-associated protein that was shown to have anti-apoptotic activity. To confirm the role of OsSAP in inducing abiotic stress tolerance in rice, we introduced OsSAP and AtBI-1, a plant homologue of Bax inhibitor-1, under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter into the rice genome through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The OsSAP transformants showed a similar chlorophyll index after salinity treatments with AtBI-1. Furthermore, we compared the effects of salinity stress on leaves and roots by examining the hormone levels of abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and zeatin in transformants compared to the control. With the exception of phytohormones, stress-induced changes in hormone levels putatively related to stress tolerance have not been investigated previously. Hormonal level analysis confirmed the lower rate of stress in the transformants compared to the control. The levels of ABA and JA in OsSAP and AtBI-1 transformants were similar, where stress rates increased after one week and decreased after a two week period of drought; there was a slightly higher accumulation compared to the control. However, a similar trend was not observed for the level of zeatin, as the decrease in the level of zeatin accumulation differed in both OsSAP and AtBI-1 transformants for all genotypes during the early period of salinity stress. The GA3 level was detected under normal conditions, but not under salinity stress.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

This study investigated the variation in the intonation of Seoul Korean interjection ani across different meanings ("no" and "really?") and speech levels (Intimate and Polite) using data from Korean Intonation Corpus (KICo). The investigation was conducted in two stages. First, IP-final tones in the dataset were categorized according to the K-ToBI convention (Jun, 2000). While significant relationships were observed between the meaning of ani and its IP-final tones, substantial overlap between groups was notable. Second, the F0 characteristics of the final syllable of ani were analyzed to elucidate the apparent many-to-many relationships between intonation and meaning/speech level. Results indicated that these seemingly overlapping relationships could be significantly distinguished. Overall, this study advocates for a deeper analysis of phonetic intonation beyond ToBI-based categorical labels. By examining the F0 characteristics of the IP-final syllable, previously unclear connections between meaning/speech level and intonation become more comprehensible. Although ToBI remains a valuable tool and framework for studying intonation, it is imperative to explore beyond these categories to grasp the "distinctiveness" of intonation, thereby enriching our understanding of prosody.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.1156-1163
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• 2010

The bi-directional high pile load test(BDH PLT) does not have weaknesses found in the existing bi-directional low pile load test(BDL PLT); it has strong economics, is unbound by load capacity limit and secures quality stability of working piles. In this study, Verification the field found a very high capacity level of stability and reliability of the BDH PLT, as well as outstanding field applicability. Field verifications reaffirmed the advantage of the BDH PLT device, which was capable of loading 90 MN capacities as maximum. It was also found to be durable enough to load high capacity with ease.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제33A권2호
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• pp.184-195
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• 1996

Beause BiCMOS logic circuits consist of CMOS part which constructs logic function and bipolar part which drives output load, the effect of short faults on BiCMOS logic circuits represented different types from that on CMOS. This paper proposes new test method which detects short faults on BiCMOS logic circuits using current path graph. Proposed method transforms BiCMOS circuits into raph constructed by nodes and edges using extended switch-level model and separates the transformed graph into pull-up part and pull-down part. Also, proposed method eliminates edge or add new edge, according ot short faults on terminals of transistor, and can detect short faults using current path graph that generated from on- or off-relations of transistor by input patterns. Properness of proposed method is verified by comparing it with results of spice simulation.