• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.239-247
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the relationship between metacognition, learning flow, and problem solving ability in simulation learning of nursing students and to identify the factors influencing problem solving ability. Methods: The study sample was 136 nursing students. Data were collected from September to November, 2012 using a structured questionnaire on metacognition, learning flow and problem solving ability. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used with the SPSS win 20.0 program to analyze the data. Results: There were significant positive correlations between metacognition, learning flow and problem solving ability. Learning flow was a significant factor affecting problem solving ability. These variables accounted for 33% of variance. Conclusion: These results suggest that simulation learning has a positive effect on nursing students' learning outcomes.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.357-379
• /
• 2015

We investigate interconnectedness and the contagion effect of default risk in Asian sovereign CDS markets since the global financial crisis. Using dynamic conditional correlation analysis, we find that there are significant co-movements in Asian sovereign CDS markets; that such co-movements tend to be larger between developing countries than between developed and developing countries; and that in the co-movements intra-regional nature is stronger than inter-regional nature. With the Spillover Index model, we measure contagion probabilities of sovereign default risk in CDS markets of seven Asian countries and find evidence of contagion effects among six of them; Japan is the exception. In addition, we find that these six countries are affected more by cross-market spillovers than by their own-market spillovers. Furthermore, a rolling-sample analysis reveals that contagion in the Asian sovereign CDS markets expands during episodes of extreme economic and financial distress, such as the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy, the European financial crisis, and the US-credit downgrade.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.678-695
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge, attitudes and practices of women toward breast self-examination and to identify factors that may influence compliance with breast examination. The subjects for this study were 282 women in three hospitals located in In-Chun. Data were collected during the period from October 15 to 30, 1993 by means of a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the SAS program and include descriptive statistics, 1-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. The results of study are as follows : 1. The mean knowledge score for the total sample was 13.58. Factors affecting the women's knowledge of breast cancer and BSE were : age, level of education, experience with breast cancer patients, experience in learning BSE, information about BSE, self-practice of BSE, level of intention to perform BSE, and participation in a BSE class. 2. Elements related to attitude included : (a) perceived feeling of susceptibility to breast cancer, and (b) belief about the effectiveness of BSE. The mean perceived susceptibility score was 1.62 and the mean effectiveness score was 4.22. Factors affecting the women's perceived susceptibility to breast cancer were exercise for health, level of intention to perform BSE , intention to recommend to others and self-practice of BSE. The relation between the womens' belief about effectiveness of BSE and level of intention to perform BSE and intention to recommend to others were statistically significant. 3. The mean self-practice score for the total sample was 4.01. Factors affecting the women's practice were experience with breast cancer patients, information about BSE, experience in learning BSE, enlisting the help of significant peers, and level of intention to perform BSE. Results indicated 35.8% of the total sample practiced BSE. The most frequent reason women gave for not performing BSE was “Didn’t knew about BSE technique”, “Didn’t think do it”. 4. No relation was found between knowledge and attitudes and practices. 5. When all the variables were examined for their contribution to the variance in the practice of BSE, it was found that confidence in ability to detect a mass by BSE, knowledge about breast cancer and BSE, and experience with breast cancer patients were significant variables and explained 35.8% of the variance. From the results of this study it can be said that women need to be taught proper BSE technique so they can become more proficient in detecting breast abnormalities.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.901-911
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for nursing intervention strategies to promote quality of life in cancer patients. Therefore the study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of perceived health status, self-esteem, health locus of control, self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility /severity, health promoting behaviors, and hope for quality of life. The sample was composed of 164 stomach cancer patients who visited outpatient clinics at a university hospital in Seoul. The following instruments were used in the study after some adaptation : Lawstone and others' Health Self-rating Scale, Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale, Wallston and others 'Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, Sherer & Maddux's Self-efficacy Scale, Moon's Health Beliefs Scale, Walker and others' Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile, Nowotney's Hope scale and Noh's Quality of Life Scale. Data were analyzed using a SAS program for Pearson correlation coefficients, descriptive correlational statistics and stepwise multiple regression. The results are as follows : 1. The scores on the quality of life scale ranged from 115 to 243 with a mean of 177.84(SD : 25.35). The mean scores(range 1-5) on the different dimensions were : emotional state 3.37 : economic life 3.47 : physical state & function 3.52 : self-esteem 3.66 : relationship with neighbors 3.37 ; family relationships 3.80. 2. There was a significant correlation between all the predictive variables and the quality of life (r=.20-.65, p<.01). 3. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that : 1) Self-esteem was the main predictor of quality of life and accounted for 46.9% of the variance in quality of life. 2) Perceived health status, hope and perceived susceptibility/severity accounted for 11.8%, 8.3%, 1.5% of the variance in quality of life, respectively. 3) Self-esteem, perceived health status, hope & perceived susceptibility /severity combined accounted for 68.5% of the variance in quality of life. In conclusion, self-esteem, perceived health status, hope and perceived susceptibility / severity were identified as important variables in the quality of life of cancer patients.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.1-35
• /
• 2024

The assumption of homoscedasticity is one of the most crucial assumptions for many parametric tests used in the biological sciences. The aim of this paper is to compare the empirical probability of type I error and the power of ten parametric and two non-parametric tests for homoscedasticity with simulations under different types of distributions, number of groups, number of samples per group, variance ratio and significance levels, as well as through empirical data from an agricultural experiment. According to the findings of the simulation study, when there is no violation of the assumption of normality and the groups have equal variances and equal number of samples, the Bhandary-Dai, Cochran's C, Hartley's Fmax, Levene (trimmed mean) and Bartlett tests are considered robust. The Levene (absolute and square deviations) tests show a high probability of type I error in a small number of samples, which increases as the number of groups rises. When data groups display a nonnormal distribution, researchers should utilize the Levene (trimmed mean), O'Brien and Brown-Forsythe tests. On the other hand, if the assumption of normality is not violated but diagnostic plots indicate unequal variances between groups, researchers are advised to use the Bartlett, Z-variance, Bhandary-Dai and Levene (trimmed mean) tests. Assessing the tests being considered, the test that stands out as the most well-rounded choice is the Levene's test (trimmed mean), which provides satisfactory type I error control and relatively high power. According to the findings of the study and for the scenarios considered, the two non-parametric tests are not recommended. In conclusion, it is suggested to initially check for normality and consider the number of samples per group before choosing the most appropriate test for homoscedasticity.

• 근관절건강학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.114-124
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of uncertainty, physiological risk factors, self-efficacy, and self-management among stroke patients and to identify factors influencing their self-management. Methods: A descriptive correlational design was used for this study. A convenience sample of 149 patients with stroke were enrolled at C national university hospital from February to April in 2016. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and electronic medical record. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: There were significant negative correlations between uncertainty and self-efficacy (r=-.56, p<.001); between uncertainty and self-management (r=-.56, p<.001); and between total cholesterol and self-management (r=-.23, p=.005). There were significant positive correlations between self-efficacy and self-management (r=.78, p<.001); between uncertainty and total cholesterol (r=.24, p=.003). The significant factors influencing self-management were uncertainty and self-efficacy. Theses variables explained 62.7% of the variance in self-management. Conclusion: The results suggest that intervention programs to reduce the level of uncertainty and to increase the level of self-efficacy among patients would improve the self-management of stroke patients.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.73-91
• /
• 2010

The objective of this study is to examine the hedging effectiveness of shrimp futures market. Hedging effectiveness is measured by OLS model based on rolling windows. Analysis data are obtained from Kansai Commodities Exchange in Osaka and are weekly data of frozen shrimp futures and cash prices in the time period from July 9, 2003, to May 9, 2007. The empirical results are summarized as follows:First, the correlation coefficients between the nearby futures price changes and the cash(16/20) price changes are very low and have range from 0.141 to 0.208 values. Second, the minimum variance hedge ratios($\hat{\beta}$) are all statistically different from 0 at the 5% level and range from 0.0477 to 0.5039 values excluding Indian shrimps(26/30). Ex post hedging effectiveness, as measured by the coefficient of determination, $R^2$, is relatively very low and range from a low of 0.4% for west-south Indian shrimps(26/30) to a high 4.3% for Vietnamese shrimps(16/20). Third, ex ante hedging effectiveness, as measured by out-of-sample hedging period, is also very low and range from a low of -4.4% for west-south Indian shrimps(21/25) to a high of 3.4% for Vietnamese shrimps(16/20). This indicates that the shrimp futures market doesn't behave as risk management instrument of shrimp spot.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.694-700
• /
• 2005

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between peer and parental factors and smoking behavior of adolescents in urban cities and to investigate whether there are gender differences. Methods. A stratified and random cluster sampling design was used to obtain a cross-sectional sample of high school students in two urban cities. The sample consisted of 512 Korean adolescents (256 boys and 256 girls) aged 15 to 18 (mean age 16.7$\pm$.58). Self-reported questionnaire consisted of adolescent smoking behavior, peer smoking and alcohol use, parental smoking and alcohol use, father-mother-peer relationships and perceived social support from peers and parents. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the hypothesized model. Results. The findings showed that peer and parental factors accounted for $30.3\%$ of the variance in adolescent smoking and peer smoking was most strongly associated with adolescent smoking behavior (OR = 10.18). In addition, peer smoking (OR = 4.71), peer alcohol use (OR = 4.21), and peer relationships (OR = 1.03) were significantly associated with boys' smoking behavior. In girls, peer smoking (OR = 26.50) and parent smoking (OR = 5.48) were significantly associated with smoking behavior. Conclusions. Consistent with previous findings, peer smoking is a significant factor on adolescent smoking. Specifically, boys would be more influenced from peers than girls. Therefore, smoking prevention programs for adolescents might be focused on the social context such as, resisting to peer pressure and enhancing the self-efficacy to control.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.530-540
• /
• 2020

In order to solve the problem of low tracking accuracy caused by complex noise in the fault diagnosis of complex nonlinear system, a fault diagnosis method of high precision cost reference particle filter (CRPF) is proposed. By optimizing the low confidence particles to replace the resampling process, this paper improved the problem of sample impoverishment caused by the sample updating based on risk and cost of CRPF algorithm. This paper attempts to improve the accuracy of state estimation from the essential level of obtaining samples. Then, we study the correlation between the current observation value and the prior state. By adjusting the density variance of state transitions adaptively, the adaptive ability of the algorithm to the complex noises can be enhanced, which is expected to improve the accuracy of fault state tracking. Through the simulation analysis of a fuel unit fault diagnosis, the results show that the accuracy of the algorithm has been improved obviously under the background of complex noise.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제8권8호
• /
• pp.241-249
• /
• 2021

The aim of the research is to evaluate the impact of social media marketing (with special reference to Facebook) on the brand preference of customers with regard to smart mobile phones. Since Facebook has become very popular today and a trend has arisen to use social media as a marketing tool, the researcher intended to evaluate the impact of social media marketing on brand preference, as the findings would provide valuable insight for future businesses. Social media as measured social media visibility, social media engagement, and social media influencewas the independent variableand brand preference was the dependent variable. The convenience sampling method was used where the sample was taken from a group of people easy to contact or to reach. A sample of 186 young males and females was selected. Factor loading and factor analysis were used to analyze the data and find the most influencing factors on brand preference. Reliability analysis, validity analysis, and regression analysiswere performed to analyze the data. The R² value is 0.320 implying that 32.00% of the variance in brand preference is explained by social media influence, social media engagement, and social media visibility. The findings show thatsocial media visibility, social media engagement, and social media influencehave a positive impact on brand preference.