• Information Systems Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.125-139
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• 2006

Recently, as mobile internet users grow rapidly, mobile internet companies are experiencing a fierce competition to capture new customers. Under this business environment, they try to identify factors that make people use mobile internet in order to satisfy customers by providing better and diversified services. There has been enormous effort to analyze customers' behavior in choose and use mobile internet services. However, there is no one best methodology to identify factors to attract customers yet. Thus, the study applied the flow construct proposed by Csikszentmihalyi(1977) and expanded by Hoffman and Novak(1996) to identify environmental factors of internet which has impact on users' mobile internet usage. To implement the study, the following activities have been done: literature reviews on service acceptance model and flow structure, questionnaire survey, suggestion of the flow model on mobile internet, and hypothesis test. For the study, 242 out of 307 samples collected were statistically analyzed using SPSS 10.0, AMOS 4.0 statistics package. The findings of this study are as follows: First, mobile internet environment factors influencing on challenge of flow antecedent were media characteristics(use of convenience, transmission quality), contents characteristics(uniqueness, timeliness, simplicity). Second, mobile internet environment factors influencing on skill of flow antecedent were contents(uniqueness, timeliness, simplicity), charge(definiteness and diversity of charge), usage(security, instant connectivity). Third, challenge of flow antecedent had a significant effect on flow of mobile internet usage. But it was not statistically significant that skill has an influence on flow. This study discovered the relationship between mobile internet environment factors(media characteristics, contents characteristics, charge characteristics, usage characteristics) and flow experience of mobile internet users which would be a valuable insight for marketing strategies. Results shows that challenge of flow antecedent have a significant impact on flow experience in mobile internet environment. Additional, media characteristics, contents characteristics of mobile internet environment factors is positively correlated with challenge of flow antecedent. In other words, mobile internet companies should provide customers with diverse service and take a challenging attitude to get customers show aggressive attitude in mobile internet usage.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.662-675
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the developmental history of hospice palliative care (HPC) with Korean medicine (KM). Methods: We compared the developmental history of HPC in Korea with that of Britain, the United States, Taiwan, Japan, and China. The articles in English or Korean published until Feb. 2017 were searched using 'Hospice' or 'Palliative care' with the name of each nation in the PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases for foreign articles and OASIS (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System) for domestic articles. Books and gray literature were searched on the same databases and websites of the Ministry of Health and Welfare and related organizations in each country. Results: Modern palliative care began with the hospice movement led by Dr. Cicely Saunders. HPC in Korea started earlier than in other countries but it took considerable time for social consensus, so Korean policies have only been published recently. In this process, KM was excluded from HPC. For this reason, western medicine in Korea does not fully accept the spirit of HPC, the government does not take an aggressive stance with KM, and the institutes of KM do not have any interest in HPC. The World Health Organization recommends the establishment of policies and programs connected with a country's own health care system. In 2015, the Korean government made the third comprehensive plan for the development of KM. It included critical pathway guidelines about cancer-related fatigue and anorexia. More effort is required to set up HPC than other care types because Korea has two medical systems. Conclusions: Each nation has been trying to improve systems of HPC. We need to overcome the problems and bring out the best by making our own model of HPC with KM.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.19-31
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• 2007

When estimating the benefits from an investment project in the transportation sector, errors caused by many factors may exist. This study focuses on user equilibrium traffic assignment methods and stopping criteria. According to previous studies, when using a user equilibrium assignment model, the benefits of travel time savings can be effected by the relative gap value. As the stopping criteria decreases, the time needed for traffic assignment increases, so that lowering the criteria cannot be the best solution. Therefore, an effort is necessary to reduce this change rate and thus improve reliability. This paper considers three methods: reducing the links subject to benefit calculation, extracting sub-area O/D tables and networks, and applying the mean value of successive traffic assignment results. The results of the analysis show that the method using the mean value of five results is more proper than the other methods. Using the sub-area analysis method, if the study area is small the benefits of a project might be over- or under-estimated. This paper used a nationwide O/D table and network at peak time as a case study. The resulting patterns can differ according to basic data to be used in analysis. So further analysis using the data from metropolitan areas are needed.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.13C no.5 s.108
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• pp.613-620
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• 2006

From both techlical and economic viewpoints, DiffServ IP QoS architecture is accepted as a more practical solution because of the complexity Problem of the other IntServ architecture. In this paper, we propose several models to support DiffServ QoS in DSL broadband access networks and discuss about migration path from current best-effort DSL networks to DiffServ-enabled ones. Since DSL networks are recently and widely deployed in the world amount ot new investment, compatibility with existing QoS-unaware DSL systems, and compatibility with existing charging systems as well as effective support of various QoS services must be carefully considered when we design DiffServ QoS support models in DSL networks. The DiffServ models proposed in this paper are divided into static DiffServ models and dynamic DiffServ models which are near-term solutions and long-term solutions repecitively. The static DiffServ models include Flat DiffServ which suworts per-subscriber DiffServ QoS and Structured DiffServ which supports per-subscriber and per-service DiffServ QoS. And the dynamic DiffServ models include Direct DiffServ for P2P(Peer to Peer) applications and Indirect DiffServ for ASP(Application Service Provider) applications.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.19
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• pp.145-209
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• 1992

This study, that is made by an on-the-spot survey and a library survey, is aimed at finding some problems in the recognition regarding public library users and suggesting the clue to solve the problems revealed in the way of having compared with 'Book-Room' and Public Library. Poor material was always a troublemaker in this study. Especially the part of 'Book-Room' phenomenon is wholly dependent upon a field survey, that is, interview with a 'book-room' clerks, gathering the advertising leaflets, a close observation on 'Book-Room', etc. There are little printed materials, much less precedent research theses. In the other parts of this paper, there are needed good statistical materials, but the nortion presented in the public library user statistics-for example pupil, students, housewives, old men, the generality of people, etc.- is so vague that it is insufficient and unhelpful for this study. In my judgment, with all these limitations, this article gets some results as follows : 1. 'Book-Room' is the cultural organization which is being operated by, for, of the community inhabitants and it takes on the character of movement - labor movement, cultural movement, and community movement. 2. The pioneer of the Book-Room is 'Yangso Hyupdong chohap' (which means good book- cooperative association) lasted from 1978 to the next year. 3. 'Arom'(means learning) Book-Room is the first real Book-Room at Seomyon district in Pusan established in 1987. 4. Book-Room can be classified by its character as 'Labor BookRoom' and 'Cultural Book-Room'. There are 10 Labor BookRooms and 4 Cultural Book-Rooms in Pusan. 5. Labor Book-Rooms organized themselves to 'Labor Book-Room conference'. 6. Book-Rooms have done their best to extort the needs and interests of the community inhabitants, but relatively public libraries do not, hence the majority of residents are neglected from the public library service. This is at Book-Rooms' back to have been spread so quickly. 7. There is a very large gap between the component ratio of community inhabitants by class and that of public library users by same criterion, that is, in the case of the former, the labor class goes beyond a half point, in the latter, the majority of public library user is composed of students and housewives. 8. Researchers and librarians have concentrated their attention and effort not upon whole residents in community but upon existing users at present time. They do not try to develope potential users. So, researchers' and librarians' recognition regarding the public library users needs to be changed. 9. The concept of 'core-user' may be the key to solve the problems related with public library users. For the purpose of ensuring the 'core-user', it is necessary to study the community and inhabitants.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health care aware-ness of pregnant women and their actual oral health care in an effort to provide information on how to assist pregnant women to have the right knowledge on oral health and improve their oral health care. The subjects in this study were pregnant women who used obstetrics and gynecology hospitals or participated in pregnancy/child-rearing programs in the region of P. After a self-administered survey was conducted in July and August 2008, the following findings were given: 1. As for the best case of oral health care, the largest number(77.2%) of the pregnant women investigated brushed all the teeth, gums and tongue when they did toothbrushing. The smallest number of the women(6.8%) spent three minutes or more brushing their teeth. 2. As to dental treatment experience during pregnancy by age, 27.0 percent of the age 26-30 group had ever received dental treatment during pregnancy, which was higher than the rates of the other age groups with the same experience. 3. Regarding the necessity of oral health education geared toward pregnant women, 94.1 percent of the age 26-30 group and 96.3 percent of the group of age 31 and up felt the need for that, which were significantly higher than 72.7 percent of the age 20-25 group who agreed to the necessity of that education. 4. As to connections between oral health status and oral health care, the women who were in good oral health got 6.60 on oral health care. They scored significantly higher than those who were in a moderate state of oral health and who were in bad oral health, as the latter two groups respectively got 5. There was a significant correlation between oral health state and oral health care and between oral health knowledge and oral health care. The better oral health status led to better oral health knowledge, and the better oral health knowledge was followed by better oral health care. 6. As for factors affecting oral health care, oral health knowledge had the largest impact on that, followed by age, oral health status, experience of receiving oral health education for pregnant woman, dental treatment experience during pregnancy, monthly income and stress caused by oral diseases. Given the findings of the study, oral health education should be provided in light of the special physical and mental state of pregnant women. They should be encouraged to receive possible dental treatment during pregnancy if necessary, and they should learn about how to cope with a dental disease in case of develop it.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.859-872
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• 2015

Pebble matrix filtration (PMF) is a water treatment technology that can remove suspended solids in highly turbid surface water during heavy storms. PMF typically uses sand and natural pebbles as filter media. Hand-made clay pebbles (balls) can be used as alternatives to natural pebbles in PMF treatment plants, where natural pebbles are not readily available. Since the high turbidity is a seasonal problem that occurs during heavy rains, the use of newly developed composite clay balls instead of pure clay balls have the advantage of removing other pollutants such as natural organic matter (NOM) during other times. Only the strength properties of composite clay balls are described here as the pollutant removal is beyond the scope of this paper. These new composite clay balls must be able to withstand dead and live loads under dry and saturated conditions in a filter assembly. Absence of a standard ball preparation process and expected strength properties of composite clay balls were the main reasons behind the present study. Five different raw materials from industry wastes: Red Mud (RM), Water Treatment Alum Sludge (S), Shredded Paper (SP), Saw Dust (SD), and Sugar Mulch (SM) were added to common clay brick mix (BM) in different proportions. In an effort to minimize costs, in this study clay balls were fired to $1100^{\circ}C$ at a local brick factory together with their bricks. A comprehensive experimental program was performed to evaluate crushing strength of composite hand-made clay balls, using uniaxial compression test to establish the best material combination on the basis of strength properties for designing sustainable filter media for water treatment plants. Performance at both construction and operating stages were considered by analyzing both strength properties under fully dry conditions and strength degradation after saturation in a water bath. The BM-75% as the main component produced optimum combination in terms of workability and strength. With the material combination of BM-75% and additives-25%, the use of Red Mud and water treatment sludge as additives produced the highest and lowest strength of composite clay balls, with a failure load of 5.4 kN and 1.4 kN respectively. However, this lower value of 1.4 kN is much higher than the effective load on each clay ball of 0.04 kN in a typical filter assembly (safety factor of 35), therefore, can still be used as a suitable filter material for enhanced pollutant removal.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.175-179
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• 2006

With the rapid development of oil and chemical industry in the late 20C, massive transportation of oil by oil tanker vessel has grown and it caused the big oil pollution accidents. When oil spill from the oil tanker, damages reach into the astronomical figures in economically and damages affect wide area and many people with break the balance of ecosystem. Recently in Korea, the oil pollution accidents has occurred frequently as growing of oil consumption and it caused large-scale damages to the victim. Oil pollution in Korean offshore takes not only korean fishermen from their life ground and break the ecosystem but it takes too much time and money to recover. To minimize oil pollution damages, it is necessary to make pre-caution effort as a ship owner and relevant government bodies should endeavor to prevent from more damages. But once oil pollution accidents occurs in territorial sea, compensation for victim fishermen is very important. But it is true that compensation is not paid to victim smoothly. So this study aims at the problems of oil pollution compensation to the Korean victim and find the best way to get reasonable compensation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.166-179
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• 1985

The seasonal distribution and migration of flying squid, Ommastrephes bartrami (LeSueur), in the North Pacific were studied by means of mantle length, surface temperature, and catch and effort data of the Korean drift gillnet fishery from 1980 to 1983. The water temperature for the best fishing ranged from $15^{\circ}\;to\;16^{\circ}C$ in May through July and from $13^{\circ}\;to\;18^{\circ}C$ in August through January. High densities of flying squid were found in the thermal fronts with $18^{\circ}C$ isotherm in August and with $15^{\circ}C$ isotherm in September. The densities of flying squid were higher in the western region than in the eastern region in the North Pacific. The high densities of flying squid in the northwestern Pacific were attributed to the high gradients of oceanographic properties in the region. Migration models for flying squid were hypothesized based on the monthly distributions of catch per unit net, mantle length compositions by statistical blocks, and the hydrographic features of the North Pacific. The large flying squid moved to the northern region and to the central Pacific region earlier than the small sized group in the northward migration period (from June to August). Flying squid begin the reverse southward migration from the Subarctic Frontal Zone in autumn with onset of cooling and the development of Oyashio Current. The large sized group starts their southward return migration from more northern waters than the small sized group but the former moves past the later ana reaches the spawing ground first.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.185-197
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to make an empirical analysis of the influence of the participation of students in high school-college articulation programs during their high school days on their career or college entrance in an effort to explore how to ensure successful high school-college articulation to facilitate the normalization of public education. The subjects in this study were 371 students in a college and 62 high school teachers. After a survey was conducted, the following findings were given: As for the participation rate of high school-college articulation programs, the largest number of the students attended "college entrance presentations," and the second most popular programs were about major/career exploration. The participation rate of the girls was higher than that of the boys. As a result of comparing the impact of these programs on college entrance by different types of admission process, "college entrance counseling programs" exercised a larger influence on college entrance through the admission officer system. The teachers responded that "major/career exploration" was the high school-college articulation program which had the best effects on the normalization high school education and college admission. The findings of the study imply that it can make it possible to expedite the normalization of public education if diverse efforts are directed into high school-college articulation and its improvement.