• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.348-352
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• 2002

Ameloblastoma of the maxilla is an unusual epithelial tumor of odontogenic origin. According to many authors and reports, ameloblastoma account for approximately 1% of all tumors of the jaws, but when pseudotumors and cysts are excluded, the ratio rises to 11%. Of these tumors,80% originate in the mandible, while 20% originate in the maxilla. Although it is considered benign histopathologically, it can behave in a slowly growing infiltrative fashion, with multiple recurrences and eventual intracranial, or even distant, spread. We clinically analyzed common site in maxilla, radiographic findings, recurrence rate, duration between treatment and recurrence, the presence and site of distant metastasis in 15 patients who were diagnosed as ameloblastoma of the maxilla and took treatments from 1985 to 1999 in Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Hospital, Seoul National University. In this paper, treatment outcomes and our clinical experiences of maxillary ameloblastoma are reported with review of literatures.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.384-390
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• 2006

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary benign tumor, constituting over 60% of parotid gland tumor, 25% of sublingual gland tumor and 50% of minor salivary gland tumor. It is somewhat more frequent in the fourth to sixth decades. The recurrent rate which enforces only a simple enucleation is very high $(20{\sim}45%)$. Histologically, it contains the epithelial cell, the myo-epithelial cell and mesenchymal ingredient, which is various aspect. We analyzed clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically the patients(34 cases) who are diagnosed with pleomorphic adenoma in Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentisty, Dankook university since 1998. The results are as follow: 1. The incidence of the tumor was most frequent in age 30 to 50. The ratio of male to female was 1:1.43. 2. The most chief complain was a painless mass(94.1%) and the duration time was more than decade in 18 cases(52.9%). 3. Palate(soft & hard palate) was the most occurred site(64.7%). In major salivary glands, the parotid gland was the most frequent site(17.6%). 4. The tumor size was 2 to 3cm on the average. Most of tumors were with capsule(91.2%). 5. Surgical excision was a main treatment method(20 cases, 58.8%) and 14 cases were excised with a glandectomy, 1 case was treated with a partial maxillectomy. Only 1 case of all cases was recurred. 6. Histopathologically, 9 cases(26.5%) were cellular type, 11 cases(32.4%) were intermediate(classic) type and 14 cases(41.1%) were myxoid type. 7. Immunohistochemically, the specimen of all tumors reacted positively to cytokeratin and vimentin marker.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2008

The most important concern to do parotidectomy is correct identification of the facial nerve and preservation of the nerve function. Many descriptions for the localization and branching types of the facial nerve trunk have existed. During the parotid surgery, it is necessary to have knowledges about the incidence and prognostic aspect of a invasion of the facial nerve by the parotid tumors. The method of the dissection and the surgical extent of the parotid gland would be decided not only by the anatomic variation of the facial nerve. but also the size and location of the tumor. Invasion of the facial nerve in parotid malignancies is the most significant factors affecting the prognosis, so radical parotidectomy which consists of the total extirpation of the parotid gland in conjunction with resection of the facial nerve is often required for proper management. Radical parotidectomy is advocated for the surgical treatment of high grade malignancies and in selective recurrent benign tumors intimately involving the facial nerve. Unfortunately, the morphologic and functional deficits created by sacrificing the facial nerve can be emotionally and physically traumatizing to the patient. Therefore, when the facial nerve is sacrificed, immediate reconstruction of the facial nerve should be necessary. Immediate nerve repair with direct anastomosis of the resected nerve ends or placement of a cable nerve graft provides the better cosmetic and functional results. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment for cancer of the parotid gland, and there is general agreement that facial nerve should not be sacrificed unless the tumor is adherent to, or surrounds the nerve. The following statement is described general principles of troublesome management of the facial nerve during surgery for parotid tumor.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.114-120
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• 2018

Tracheal tumors are rare and difficult to diagnose. Moreover, delays in diagnosis are very common because the symptoms are nonspecific. As a result, tracheal tumors are commonly mistreated as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or bronchial asthma. We report a case of a 49-year-old male who presented with a 3-month history of dyspnea and cough. Chest computed tomography scan showed a $1.5{\times}1.3cm$ homogenous tumor originating from the right lateral wall of the tracheobronchial angle into the tracheal lumen as well as a $0.5{\times}0.4cm$ round nodular lesion at the right upper lobe with multiple mediastinal lymph nodes enlargement. Bronchoscopic findings revealed a broad-based, polypoid lesion nearly obstructing the airway of the right main bronchus. The patient was diagnosed with pleomorphic adenoma which is the most common benign tumor of the salivary glands, but rarely appears in the trachea. Upon surgery, tracheal pleomorphic adenoma and co-existing active pulmonary tuberculoma that had been mistreated as bronchial asthma over 3 months was revealed. Following surgery, the patient underwent anti-tuberculosis treatment. No recurrence has been detected in the 3 years since treatment and the patient is now asymptomatic.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2014

Palliative care for cancer aims to relieve the discomfort and pain from the cancer itself and associated conditions. Gastrointestinal cancers originate from the tube like structure of gastrointestinal tract and cause complications such as obstruction, bleeding, adhesion, invasion, and perforation to adjacent organ. Recent advances in interventional endoscopy enables endoscopy physicians to do safe and effective care for gastrointestinal cancer patients. Endoscopic palliation includes stent, hemostasis, nutritional support and targeted drug delivery. Self expandable metallic stent is one of the most important modalities in gastrointestinal palliation. Through the endoscopy or over the wire pre-placed by endoscopy, stents restore the gastrointestinal luminal patency and relieve the obstructive condition. Endoscopic hemostasis is another important palliation in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Epinephrine injection, argon plasma coagulation and thermal cauterization are usual modalities for hemostasis. Histoacryl glue and fibrin glue are also available. Hemostatic nanopowder spray is newly reported effective in benign disease and is supposed to be effective also in cancer bleeding. Enteral feeding tubes including gastro- or jejunostomy and nosoduodenal tubes are placed by using endoscopic guidance. Enteral feeding tubes role as the route of easily absorbable or semi-digested nutrients and effectively maintain both patients calorie requirements and gut microenvironment. Photodynamic therapy is the one of the outstanding medical employments of photo-physics. Especially for superficial cancers in esophagus, photodynamic therapy is very useful in cancer removal and maintaining organ structure. In biliary neoplasm, photodynamic therapy is well known to be effective in cancer ablation and biliary ductal patency restoration. Targeted drug delivery is the lastest issue in palliative endoscopy. Debates and questions are still on the table. In this article, the role of endoscopic interventions in palliative care for the gastrointestinal tumors will be thoroughly reviewed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.3
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• pp.721-728
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• 2021

Biliary adenofibromas are rare biliary epithelial tumors that are classified as benign. Nevertheless, some cases have been reported to show malignant transformations. The radiologic findings of biliary adenofibromas and their malignant transformation are not well-established because of their rarity. We present a case of a cholangiocarcinoma arising from a biliary adenofibroma assessed using ultrasonography, CT, and MRI. The differential diagnoses include other hepatic tumors.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1437-1444
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• 2000

Objectives : Traditionally intracranial meningiomas are regarded as benign and curable tumors. About half of all intracranial meningiomas locate in the skull base region. However, surgical removal of these tumors may be challenging and require special considerations. Here general aspects of skull base meningiomas including clinical presentation, surgical approaches, complications and their recurrence rate are discussed based on our experiences. Methods : A retrospective analysis of 61 consecutive patients with skull base meningioma among 210 patients of meningioma between 1989 and 1998 were done. Results : There were 41 women and 20 men ranging from 13 to 74 years(mean 52 years). These tumors were divided into seven categories according to location : olfactory groove(n＝9), sphenoid ridge(n＝16), cavernous sinus(n ＝2), tuberculum sellae(n＝8), tentorium(n＝13), cerebellopontine angle(n＝12), and foramen magnum meningiomas (n＝1). Surgical approaches were selected on the basis of the tumor attachment, size and extension on preoperative radiologic findings. Total removal(Simpson grade I and II) was achieved in 50 cases(82%), and subtotal removal (Simpson grade III) in 11 patients(18%). According to WHO classification, there were 52 of cases of benign meningioma( 86%), 6 atypical cases(10%), and 3 malignant cases(5%). The most common postoperative complications were CSF leakage(23.0%) and cranial nerve injury(8.2%). Three patient died related with tumor(one was due to surgical complication and the other two due to recurrence) but three patients died from other systemic causes. Mean follow-up period was 51.7 months after surgery. Recurrence occurred in six patients(10.9%) ; three with tentorial meningioma, two with sphenoid ridge, and one in cerebellopontine angle. Conclusion : With advances in neuroradiology and microsurgical techniques, the surgical outcome of miningiomas has been markedly improved with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. Overall, our surgical results of skull base meningiomas is comparable to other reports. Therefore, with the appropriate operative strategy and techniques, these tumors can be completely removed and good surgical results can be expected.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.375-380
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• 2010

Background: Primary cardiac tumors are extremely rare. The most common type are benign myxomas, and these are almost completely curable with early surgery. Malignant tumors, however, such as sarcomas, are difficult to remove surgically, and their prognosis is known to be poor. In this study, data on patients who had undergone surgical treatment of cardiac tumor in the authors' hospital were collected and analyzed. Material and Method: The subjects included 28 patients who had undergone surgical treatment of cardiac tumor from August 1993 to December 2008. Their medical records were reviewed and retrospectively analyzed. Result: The patients were aged from 20 to 76 years (mean age: $54.2{\pm}15.6$), and 11 were male (39%) and 17 female (61%). Fifteen of them (54%) underwent emergency surgery to improve heart failure symptoms. The most common preoperative symptom was dyspnea (15 cases, 54%). Preoperative echocardiography was performed on all the patients. The average size of the tumor as measured during the operation was $7.0{\pm}6.9cm$ (the average length of the long axis was 2∼40 cm), and the sites of tumor attachment were the interatrial septum (18 cases, 64%), the left atrium (9 cases, 32%), the mitral valve annulus (2 cases, 7%), and the left ventricle (2 cases, 7%). The operation was performed with an incision through both atria in all the patients, and a complete excision was made in 25 cases (89%). According to the biopsy results, there were 4 cases of sarcoma (14%), 1 case of lipoma (4%), and 23 cases of myxoma (82%). The three cases in which the tumors were not completely excised were sarcomas. No operative deaths occurred after the operations. Outpatient follow-up was possible for 24 cases (86%), with a mean follow-up period of $46.8{\pm}42.7$ months. Late death occurred in 3 of the 24 patients; each of these patients had sarcomas. Of these patients, the first had undergone two repeat surgeries, the second had metastatic sites removed, and the last had only chemotherapy. The average recurrence time was $12.7{\pm}10.8$ months, and the average metastasis time was $20.5{\pm}16.8$ months. Conclusion: Most cardiac tumors are benign myxomas. In principle, they should be surgically treated because they can create risks such as embolism, and can be radically treated when surgically removed. In most cases, however, malignant sarcomas are already considerably advanced with severe infiltration into the neighboring tissues at the time of diagnosis. The surgical removal of malignant sarcomas is known to be difficult because of the advanced stage and degree of infiltration. We suggest that excision of the removable portion of the tumor sites to alleviate symptoms such as heart failure can improve quality of life.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.301-307
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• 2012

50-year-old female and 50-year-old male were referred to the department of the oral and maxillofacial surgery of Kyungpook national university dental hospital with asymptomatic lesions on their posterior mandibular body areas. They were discovered incidentally on panoramic radiographs during routine dental examination. Physical examination revealed no remarkable findings. Each panoramic radiograph showed well defined radiolucent lesions without hyperostotic border on their posterior mandibular body area. At first they were diagnosed as benign tumors because they looked like multilocular pattern and one of the patient showed discontinuity of mandibular canal within the lesion. CT scans demonstrated well demarcated and irregular lingual depression filled with fat tissue and they were diagnosed as developmental salivary gland defects. One of the lesion showed no change on follow-up panoramic radiograph after 4 months. Developmental salivary gland defects resembling benign tumor are atypical cases and it is suggested that confirmatory imaging using CT or MRI should be taken.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 1996

Regardless of the prognostic factors in papillary thyroid cancer, such as sex, age, size of tumor, extent of disease, and distant metastasis, the prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer is sometimes difficult to predict from clinical and microscopic analysis alone and additional prognostic indicators are needed. Recent studies of thyroid cancer have indicated that DNA aneuploidy may be correlated to the biological behavior of malignancy and inversely correlated to the prognosis, but it still remains contraversal. We performed this study to assess DNA ploidy patterns in relation with the previously known prognostic factors in AMES scoring system and lateral neck node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer. A series of 132 patients with papillary thyroid cancer and 80 patients with benign thyroid tumor(27 follicular adenomas and 53 adenomatous goiters) as a control group from October 1993 to Feburary 1995 were analyzed and their nuclear DNA content was measured with flow cytometry using fresh tissue specimens. DNA aneuploidy was found in 8(6.1%) in papillary cancer and 8(10%) in benign tumor. S-phase traction(SFP) and proliferative index(PI) were higher in thyroid cancers, being 2.18$\pm$4.24%, 6.34$\pm$4.94% in the papillary thyroid cancers and 1.97$\pm$2.93%, 4.44$\pm$3.80% in the benign tumors, respectively. However there was no significant difference of values between two groups(p>0.05). Among variable prognostic factors studied(age, sex, size of tun or, extent of disease, distant metastasis in AMES scoring system and lateral neck node metastasis), DNA aneuploidy was found to be common in distant metastasis(p<0.001) and in lateral neck node metastasis(p>0.035), but there was no significant difference between the high risk and low risk group according to the AMES scoring system(p<0.08). In our study, DNA aneuploidy was not valuable in determining the presence of malignancy and did not correlate to the AMES scoring system. However, follow-up study of more cases will be needed for accurate information about the DNA ploidy as a independent prognostic factor.