• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2016

Objectives : The Skin is composed of multiple layers, including the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. It provides a vital barrier structure that protects vertebrates from external environmental antigens, solvents, ultraviolet light, microorganisms, toxins, and weather conditions. Although several biological effects of Mori Follium have been reported, beneficial effects of Mori Follium in skin health remain unclear. In this study, we prepared water extract of Mori Follium (MLE) and evaluated the effects on melanin accumulation and expression levels of skin fibril-related proteins.Methods : The cytotoxicities of MLE in B16F10 melanoma and human skin fibroblasts (HSF) were examined by MTT assay. Inhibitory effect of MLE on the α-MSH- and IBMX-induced melanosis in B16F10 melanoma was examined. The expression levels of fibronectin, collagen 1α2, and CCN2 in MLE-treated HSF were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymer chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting.Results : The MLE treatment for 24 h did not affect to the B16F10 and HSF at concentrations of 1, 10, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 ㎍/ml. The MLE treatment for 72 h significantly and dose dependently suppressed melanin accumulation in B16F10 melanoma. In addition, the MLE treatment up-regulated expression levels of skin fibril-related genes such as fibronectin, collagen 1α2, and CCN2 in HSF. Our western blot analysis revealed MLE-induced up-regulation of skin fibril-related genes required the activation of CCN2 protein.Conclusions : In conclusion, these findings suggest that the MLE could be used in development of cosmetic natural material of maintaining healthy skin.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.559-564
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• 2017

Probiotics로 알려진 유산균을 다량 포함하고 있으며 우유가 가지고 있는 영양성분을 함유한 액상형 요구르트를 사용하여, 저장성은 높지만 편리성이 낮은 분말형 요구르트의 단점을 개선한, 유동성 및 용해성이 우수한 구형과립 요구르트를 제조하였다. 구형과립 요구르트의 유동층코팅기 최적 제조조건은 반응표면분석방법(RSM design)을 이용하여 설정하였으며, feeding rate(FR) 0.54 mL/min, atomization air pressure(AP) 2.64 bar, product temperature(PT) $58.18^{\circ}C$의 유동층코팅기 운영조건하에서 최대회수율은 79.42%로 예측되었다. 유동층코팅기의 버텀스프레이 방식으로 제조된 구형과립 요구르트는 6-7 log CFU/g의 많은 유산균을 가지고 있었으며, 특히 상대습도 75% 및 저장온도 $25^{\circ}C$ 조건하에서 4개월 동안 유산균수의 감소가 아주 미미하여, 저장성 및 편리성이 증진된 새로운 형태의 유산균 제품 개발에 대한 가능성을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2014

Background: Biological control of plant pathogens using benign or beneficial microorganisms as antagonistic agents is currently considered to be an important component of integrated pest management in agricultural crops. In this study, we evaluated the potential of Bacillus subtilis strain HK-CSM-1 as a biological control agent against Colletotrichum panacicola. Methods: The potential of B. subtilis HK-CSM-1 as a biological control agent for ginseng anthracnose was assessed. C. panacicola was inoculated to ginseng plants and the incidence and severity of disease was assessed to examine the efficacy of the bacterium as a biological control against C. panacicola. Results: Inoculation of Panax ginseng plants with B. subtilis significantly suppressed the number of disease lesions of C. panacicola and was as effective as the chemical fungicide iminoctadine tris(albesilate). The antifungal activity of B. subtilis against C. panacicola was observed on a co-culture medium. Interestingly, treatment with B. subtilis did not significantly affect the diameter of the lesions, suggesting that the mechanism of protection was through the reduction in the incidence of infection related to the initial events of the infection cycle, including penetration and infection via spore germination and appressorium formation rather than by the inhibition of invasive growth after infection. Conclusion: Our results suggest that B. subtilis HK-CSM-1 can be used as an effective and ecologically friendly biological control agent for anthracnose in P. ginseng.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.686-696
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• 2011

To deal with pathogens, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms including constitutive and induced defense mechanisms. Phytohormones play important roles in plant growth and development, as well as in the systemic response induced by beneficial and pathogen microorganisms. In this work, we identified an Aspergillus ustus isolate that promotes growth and induces developmental changes in Solanum tuberosum and Arabidopsis thaliana. A. ustus inoculation on A. thaliana and S. tuberosum roots induced an increase in shoot and root growth, and lateral root and root hair numbers. Assays performed on Arabidopsis lines to measure reporter gene expression of auxin-induced/ repressed or cell cycle controlled genes (DR5 and CycB1, respectively) showed enhanced GUS activity, when compared with mock-inoculated seedlings. To determine the contribution of phytohormone signaling pathways in the effect elicited by A. ustus, we evaluated the response of a collection of hormone mutants of Arabidopsis defective in auxin, ethylene, cytokinin, or abscisic acid signaling to the inoculation with this fungus. All mutant lines inoculated with A. ustus showed increased biomass production, suggesting that these genes are not required to respond to this fungus. Moreover, we demonstrated that A. ustus synthesizes auxins and gibberellins in liquid cultures. In addition, A. ustus induced systemic resistance against the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea and the hemibiotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae DC3000, probably through the induction of the expression of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid/ethylene, and camalexin defense-related genes in Arabidopsis.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2002

생균제는 항생제와 반대의 어원적 의미를 갖는 것으로 장내 미생물 균형을 기선함으로써 숙주 동물에게 유익한 작용을 유도할 수 있는 살아있는 미생물 첨가제로서 항생제를 대체할 수 있는 물질 중 하나로서 인식되어 왔다. Lactobacillus와 같은 젖산균은 유산을 생성하여 장의 산도를 pH를 저하시켜 잡균의 오염을 방지하며, 각종 비타민, 아미나산, 항균물질 등을 생산하여 가축 장내 미생물균총의 안정, 사료효율 증가, 내병성 증대 등의 효과가 있다. 또한, saccharomyces와 같은 효모균은 각종 소화효소를 생산하여 영양소 분해를 촉진하며 알코올과 글루타민산과 같은 사료의 기호성을 증진시키는 물질을 분비한다. 단위가축에 있어 생균제의 급여효과는 돼지에 있어 증체량과 사료효율을 증가시키고 설사발생빈도를 낮춘다. 또한, 가금에 있어서는 산란계의 산란율을 개선하고, 장내 유익한 미생물의 수를 증가시키며, 육계의 증체량을 증가시키며, 혈중 콜레스테롤 수치를 낮춘다. 그러나 다른 연구에서는 생균제의 급여가 가축의 성적에 별다른 영향을 미치지 못하였다고 보고하여 이를 규명할 수 있는 연구의 진행이 이루어져야 할 것으로 보인다. 또한, 생균제의 효율적인 이용, 균주의 선발과 광합성미생물과 같은 친환경적인 생균제의 개발등도 해결되어야 할 과제일 것이다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.967-982
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• 2021

Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, provide a health benefit to the host and are considered safe. Most probiotic strains that are beneficial to human health are included in the "Lactic acid bacteria" (LAB) group. The positive effects of probiotic bacteria on the host's health are species-specific and even strain-specific. Therefore, evaluating the probiotic potential of both wild and novel strains is essential. In this study, the probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus brevis KT38-3 were determined. The strain identification was achieved by 16S rRNA sequencing. API-ZYM test kits were used to determine the enzymatic capacity of the strain. L. brevis KT38-3 was able to survive in conditions with a broad pH range (pH 2-7), range of bile salts (0.3%-1%) and conditions that simulated gastric juice and intestinal juice. The percentage of autoaggregation (59.4%), coaggregation with E. coli O157:H7 (37.4%) and hydrophobicity were determined to be 51.1%, 47.4%, and 52.7%, respectively. L. brevis KT38-3 produced β-galactosidase enzymes and was able ferment lactose. In addition, this strain was capable of producing antimicrobial peptides against the bacteria tested, including methicillin and/or vancomycin-resistant bacteria. The cell-free supernatants of the strain had high antioxidant activities (DPPH: 54.9% and ABTS: 48.7%). Therefore, considering these many essential in vitro probiotic properties, L. brevis KT38-3 has the potential to be used as a probiotic supplement. Supporting these findings with in vivo experiments to evaluate the potential health benefits will be the subject of our future work.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2021

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) can be classified as a type of self-immobilized microbial aggregates measuring more than 0.2 mm. It offers the option to simultaneously remove COD, N, and P that occur in different zones inside a granule. Also, AGS is characterized by high precipitability, treatability with high organic loading, and high tolerance to low temperature. In this study, a sequencing batch reactor inoculated with AGS (AGS-SBR) is a new advanced wastewater treatment process that was proven to grow AGS with integrated nutrient removal and low C/N ratio. A pilot plant, AGS-SBR with a capacity of 225 ㎥/d was installed at an S sewage treatment plant in Gyeonggi-do. The results of the operation showed that the water quality of the effluent indicated that the value of BOD5 was 1.5 mg/L, CODMn was 11.4 mg/L, SS was 6.2 mg/L, T-N was 13.2 mg/L, and T-P was 0.197 mg/L, and all of these values reliably satisfied an effluent standard (I Area). In winter, the T-N treatment efficiency at a lower temperature of less than 11℃ also showed reliability to meet the effluent standard of the I Area (20 mg/L or less). Analysis of microbial community in AGS showed a higher preponderance of beneficial microorganisms involved in denitrification and phosphorus accumulation compared with activated sludge. The power consumption and sludge disposal cost were reduced by 34.7% and 54.9%, respectively, compared to the domestic SBR type sewage treatment plant with a processing capacity of 1,000 ㎥/d or less.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2021

Carotenoids, which have biologically beneficial effects and occur naturally in microorganisms and plants, are pigments widely applied in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. The compound 4,4'-diaponeurosporene is a C30 carotenoid produced by some Lactobacillus species, and Lactobacillus plantarum is the main species producing it. In this study, the antioxidant activity of 4,4'-diaponeurosporene extracted from L. plantarum subsp. plantarum KCCP11226 was examined. Maximum carotenoid content (0.74 ± 0.2 at A470) was obtained at a relatively low temperature (20℃). The DPPH radical scavenging ability of 4,4'-diaponeurosporene (1 mM) was approximately 1.7-fold higher than that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a well-known antioxidant food additive. In addition, the ABTS radical scavenging ability was shown to be 2.3- to 7.5-fold higher than that of BHT at the range of concentration from 0.25 mM to 1 mM. The FRAP analysis confirmed that 4,4'-diaponeurosporene (0.25 mM) was able to reduce Fe3+ by 8.0-fold higher than that of BHT. Meanwhile, 4,4'-diaponeurosporene has been confirmed to be highly resistant to various external stresses (acid/bile, high temperature, and lysozyme conditions). In conclusion, L. plantarum subsp. plantarum KCCP11226, which produces 4,4'-diaponeurosporene as a functional antioxidant, may be a potentially useful strain for the development of functional probiotic industries.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1292-1298
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• 2022

Soil autotrophic bacterial communities play a significant role in the soil carbon (C) cycle in paddy fields, but little is known about how rhizosphere soil microorganisms respond to different long-term (35 years) fertilization practices under double rice cropping ecosystems in southern China. Here, we investigated the variation characteristics of rhizosphere soil RubisCO gene cbbL in the double rice ecosystems of in southern China where such fertilization practices are used. For this experiment we set up the following fertilizer regime: without any fertilizer input as a control (CK), inorganic fertilizer (MF), straw returning (RF), and organic and inorganic fertilizer (OM). We found that abundances of cbbL, 16S rRNA genes and RubisCO activity in rhizosphere soil with OM, RF and MF treatments were significantly higher than that of CK treatment. The abundances of cbbL and 16S rRNA genes in rhizosphere soil with OM treatment were 5.46 and 3.64 times higher than that of CK treatment, respectively. Rhizosphere soil RubisCO activity with OM and RF treatments increased by 50.56 and 45.22%, compared to CK treatment. Shannon and Chao1 indices for rhizosphere soil cbbL libraries with RF and OM treatments increased by 44.28, 28.56, 29.60, and 23.13% compared to CK treatment. Rhizosphere soil cbbL sequences with MF, RF and OM treatments mainly belonged to Variovorax paradoxus, uncultured proteobacterium, Ralstonia pickettii, Thermononospora curvata, and Azoarcus sp.KH33C. Meanwhile, cbbL-carrying bacterial composition was obviously influenced by soil bulk density, rhizosphere soil dissolved organic C, soil organic C, and microbial biomass C contents. Fertilizer practices were the principal factor influencing rhizosphere soil cbbL-carrying bacterial communities. These results showed that rhizosphere soil autotrophic bacterial communities were significantly changed under conditions of different long-term fertilization practices Therefore, increasing rhizosphere soil autotrophic bacteria community with crop residue and organic manure practices was found to be beneficial for management of double rice ecosystems in southern China.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.877-884
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• 2022

Probiotics are microorganisms that can benefit host health when ingested in a live state, and lactic acid bacteria are the most common type. Among fungi, Saccharomyces boulardii (SB) is the only strain known to have a probiotic function with beneficial effects on colitis; however, information on other probiotic yeast strains is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to discover yeast strains expressing intestinal anti-inflammatory activities by exhibiting probiotic properties in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice model. Nuruk (Korean traditional fermentation starter) containing various microbial strains was used as a source for yeast strains, and S. cerevisiae 28-7 (SC28-7) strain was selected with in vitro and in vivo characteristics to enable survival in the intestines. After 14 days of pretreatment with the yeast strains, DSS was co-administered for six days to induce colitis in mice. The results revealed that the disease activity index score was lowered by SC28-7 treatment compared to the DSS group, and the colon length and weight/length ratio were recovered in a pattern similar to that of the normal group. SC28-7 administration significantly reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum and modified the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, transforming growth factor-β, and interferon-γ) and proteins involved in gut barrier functions (mucin 2, mucin 3, zonula occludens-1, and occludin) in colon tissues. These results indicate that SC28-7 attenuates DSS-induced colon damage and inflammation, supporting its future use as a probiotic yeast for treating and preventing intestinal inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease.