• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2009

This study is to help make-up and coordination for image-making after analysis of facial color and shape of elderly women. The data was analyzed 55-75 years old 212 elderly women's face color and pictures by means of SPSS 12.0 statistics package. On the basis of the colorimetric data on face by Minolta CM2500D, this research considered the analysis of facial color, patternization of facial color and its analysis by age group; for the analysis of facial shape, this research patternized facial shape and analyzed its characteristic using both contour-based facial shape analysis and Kamata facial shape analysis. As for facial color, it was found that the lower age bracket has bright and reddish face, looking fine, while the higher age bracket has a conspicuously yellowish face, looking bad. The community of facial color is classified as 3 types and it was found out that the facial color of the subjects belonging to Type 3, whose L value is the largest, looked the brightest; the face of the subjects belonging to Type 2, whose a value is the largest, was much tinged with red, and the face of the subjects belonging to Type 1, whose b value is the largest were tinged with yellow. According to the analysis of facial shape, there appeared oval & long forms in the classification by contour, while there appeared a lot of downward-directed power and inner-directed power in the classification by Kamata, which is believed to reflect the phenomenon that their chin line becomes roundish and the facial length also tend to be longer due to aging.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.225-246
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• 2014

With the recent establishment of a ubiquitous environment and the paradigm shift to a smart society, the use of mobile devices, such as smart phones and tablet PCs, has become widespread. Thus, the trend is gradually shifting from using Web-based Instant Messenger to using Mobile-based Instant Messenger. Mobile Instant Messenger refers to a service that allows instant messaging as well as data sending and receiving between individuals with exclusive application programs(mobile Apps), which can be used in portable devices-such as smart phones-with wireless Internet access. Korea's portal sites, telecommunication companies, and even big companies have all rushed into the MIM market to join the competition. The reason so many companies are showing interest in the MIM business is because it is rising as a core platform to substitute portal sites in the mobile society, and MIM is perceived as the best means to attract and secure users. The intention to reuse or use continually was considered an important factor in maintaining a dominant position amidst such fierce competition, and consequently, most research thus far has reflected such thought. However, the frequent or long-term use of a system alone cannot indicate the definite success of the system, nor guarantee its dominant position in the market. On the contrary, MIM dependence, which goes beyond simple repetitive use and indicates a state where users actually or emotionally depend on a specific system, can better explain the user action. However, not much research has been conducted on dependence. The research results showed that lively message, concise message, message responsiveness, and social belonging significantly affected perceived usefulness. Message responsiveness, Link, and social belonging significantly affected flow. Flow significantly affected MIM dependence, and perceived usefulness did not affect MIM dependence. This study has proven that lively message, concise message, message responsiveness, Link, social belonging and perceived usefulness are important antecedents and mediating factors of MIM dependence. Moreover, this study is significant in that it explains the overall process of MIM dependence, and expands on the variety and scope of research that can be applied to MIM-related studies.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2020

The phylum Bacteroidetes covers phenotypically diverse groups of Gram negative rods that do not form endospores, and currently includes 6 classes, 6 orders, 33 families and 380 genera. Members of Bacteroidetes can be aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophs, hydrogen utilizing chemolithotrophs, or methylotrophs. They can be isolated from diverse habitats including terrestrial and aquatic environments, environments with extreme physicochemical conditions, and animal and plant hosts. During a series of extensive surveys of prokaryotic species diversity in Korea, bacterial strains belonging to Bacteroidetes were isolated from various sources of aquatic and terrestrial environments. A total of 22 isolates were obtained, which represent 22 unrecorded species in Korea belonging to 14 genera of 6 families. Sixteen species among them were assigned to Flavobacteriaceae, two species were to Sphingobacteriaceae, and single species was to each of the families Bacteroidaceae, Balneolaceae, Chitinophagaceae and Cytophagaceae. At genus level, Chryseobacterium (5 species) and Flavobacterium (5 species) were the most abundant genera, and single species were obtained for the genera Bacteroides, Baloneola, Terrimonas, Dyadobacter, Aquimarina, Arenibacter, Gillisia, Gilvibacter, Salinimicrobium, Winogradskyella, Pedobacter and Sphingobacterium. The detailed descriptions of each unrecorded species are provided.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 2000

To investigate the genetic relationship among 12 species belonging to the Fusarium section Martiella, Dlaminia, Gibbosum, Arthrosporiella, Liseola and Elegans, the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were amplified with primer pITS1 and pITS4 using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR). After the amplified products were digested with 7 restriction enzymes, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns were analyzed. The partial nucleotide sequences of the ITS region were determined and compared. Little variation was observed in the size of the amplified product having sizes of 550bp or 570bp. Based on the RFLP analysis, the 12 species studied were divided into 5 RFLP types. In particular, strains belonging to the section Martiella were separated into three RFLP types. Interestingly, the RFLP type of F. solani f. sp. piperis was identical with that of isolates belonging to the section Elegans. In the dendrogram derived from RFLP analysis of the ITS region, the Fusarium spp. examined were divided into two major groups. In general, section Martiella excluding F. solani f. sp. piperis showed relatively low similarity with the other section. The dendrogram based on the sequencing analysis of the ITS2 region also gave the same results as that of the RFLP analysis. As expected, 5.8S, a coding region, was highly conserved, whereas the ITS2 region was more variable and informative. The difference in the ITS2 region between the length of F. solani and its formae speciales excluding F. solani f. sp. piperis and that of other species was caused by the insertion/deletion of nucleotides in positions 143-148 and 179-192.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.73-83
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• 2021

Objectives : To organize the acupoints used to treat disorders of the head and face in the Zhenjiuzishengjing, and examine their characteristics in application. Methods : 1. The head and face area was divided into 8 parts according to the textbook of meridians and acupoints. Channels belonging to each part were marked. 2. Disorders as mentioned in the Zhenjiuzishengjing were categorized into 8 groups, accordingly. 3. Acupoints used to treat each disorder were organized according to the channels each belonged to. 4. The points were divided according to their proximity, and their application frequency was organized. 5. Based on the organized contents, the characteristics of using proximal and distal points, together with the interrelationship between the channel belonging to the afflicted area and the points locations were examined. Results : In treating disorders in the head and face area, various distal points along with proximal points were suggested in the Zhenjiuzishengjing. In some cases, points belonging to a channel that was irrelevant to the afflicted area were used widely; for proximal points, the Governor/Conception/Triple Energizer/Gallbladder channels were used. For distal points, channels that were related to the Five Zhang were used. Conclusions : Based on the contents of the Zhenjiuzishengjing, the following could be concluded: 1. When treating disorders of the head and face caused by heat, distal points were mostly used. 2. In cases where points which are not part of channels that pass the head or face were used, Zhang disfunction was likely behind such points selection.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.641-651
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• 2021

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most important plant viruses belonging to the genus Begomovirus of the family Geminiviridae. To identify natural weed hosts that could act as reservoirs of TYLCV, 100 samples were collected at a TYLCV-affected tomato farm in Iksan from 2013 to 2014. The sample weeds were identified as belonging to 40 species from 18 families. TYLCV was detected in 57 samples belonging to 28 species through polymerase chain reaction using root samples including five species (Eleusine indica, Digitaria ciliaris, Echinochloa crus-galli, Panicum dichotomiflorum, and Setaria faberi) from the family Poaceae. Whitefly Bemisia tabaci-mediated TYLCV transmission from TYLCV-infected E. indica plants to healthy tomatoes was confirmed, and inoculated tomatoes showed typical symptoms, such as leaf curling and yellowing. In addition, TYLCV was detected in leaf and root samples of E. indica plants inoculated by both whitefly-mediated transmission using TYLCV-viruliferous whitefly and agro-inoculation using a TYLCV infectious clone. The majority of mastreviruses infect monocotyledonous plants, but there have also been reports of mastreviruses that can infect dicotyledonous plants, such as the chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus. No exception was reported among begomoviruses known as infecting dicots only. This is the first report of TYLCV as a member of the genus Begomovirus infecting monocotyledonous plants.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.103-111
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• 2013

Objectives : Herbal medicines were used a lot in the Northeast Asia, traditionally. However, the pharmacopoeia standards in South Korea, China, Japan, Taiwan, and North Korea including many other Asia are different and cause confusion. If the origins are not belonging to same genus, it should be careful to distinguish. In this study, herbal medicines in the pharmacopoeia were analyzed for different genus of origins in order to identify the disruptive items for each country. Methods : The scientific names of herbal medicines (plant based) was analyzed origins from Pharmacopoeias of Republic of Korea, People's Republic of China, Japan, Taiwan, and Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The origins specified differently were examined. Especially, the items which have different genus were analyzed in detail and confirmed for correct scientific name. Results : The analyzed herbal medicines in Pharmacopoeia were all 753 items. 320 items were in only one country's Pharmacopoeia. 237 items were in more than two countries' Pharmacopoeia, but their origins were same on each other. The items which have different genus were 35 items. Conclusions : In general, species belonging to the same genus have similar ecological, morphological, and pharmacological activity. However, species with different genus may have different medicinal ingredients and pharmacological activity. Thus, the items which have same name but different genus are required to analyze for comparison of pharmacological activity. Also, other species belonging to the different genus should be used for different items.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.119-137
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• 2022

This paper aims to confirm the necessity of the consignment system in Korea's trucking market for the purpose of analyzing the difference in perception between the transportation company and the consignment owner to provide a basis for continuous development of the cargo transportation business. A survey was conducted on the current status of the domestic transportation market with transportation companies and consignment owners, and the perceptions between the two were compared and analyzed. Overall, satisfaction with the consignment system was in the order of transportation companies handling supplies, transportation companies that did not pay supplies, consignment owners belonging to supply companies, and consignment orders belonging to non-volume companies. Similar results were obtained in individual questions. In order for transport companies and consignment owners to coexist and develop in the freight car transport market, it will be necessary to prepare a strategy to increase the satisfaction of consignment owners belonging to transport companies that do not handle relatively low-satisfaction.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2024

This study aimed to investigate habitat distribution and beetle diversity, using beetles as biological indicator species to assess environmental changes in the Mt. Mangunsan area near the South Sea of Korea. Plots were installed at varying elevations on the southern and northern slopes of Mt. Mangunsan, and the beetle species composition was determined. A total of 1,368 beetles comprising 32 species belonging to ten families were collected between May and September 2023 from the study sites in the Mt. Mangunsan area near the South Sea of Korea. The two most prevalent species consisted of Synuchus nitidus, with 152 collected beetles, and Calosoma chinense, with 128 collected beetles. In May, June, July, August, and September, 76 beetles comprising 10 species, 180 beetles comprising 18 species, 138 beetles comprising 15 species, 525 beetles comprising 27 species, and 449 beetles comprising 25 species were collected, respectively, with the highest abundance observed in August. In terms of elevation, 239 beetles comprising 19 species were collected at 300 m; 352 beetles comprising 27 species at 400 m; 314 beetles comprising 24 species at 500 m; 280 beetles comprising 22 species at 600 m; 183 beetles comprising 16 species at 700 m. Based on the slope, 442 beetles comprising 18 species belonging to eight families were collected on the southern slope, and 926 beetles comprising 24 species belonging to 10 families were collected on the northern slope. Analysis of the beetles on the southern slope produced the following estimations: diversity of 1.086, evenness of 0.866, and dominance of 0.109. Meanwhile, those in the northern slope yielded a diversity of 1.204, evenness of 0.873, and dominance of 0.081.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.654-662
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• 2024

To investigate the effect of the predominant fungal species from Korean traditional meju and doenjang on soybean fermentation, the enzymatic activity and amino acid production of twenty-two fungal strains were assessed through solid- and liquid-state soybean fermentation. Enzymatic activity analyses of solid-state fermented soybeans revealed different enzyme activities involving protease, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), carboxypeptidase (CaP), glutaminase, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and amylase, depending on the fungal species. These enzymatic activities significantly affected the amino acid profile throughout liquid-state fermentation. Strains belonging to Mucoromycota, including Lichtheimia, Mucor, Rhizomucor, and Rhizopus, produced smaller amounts of total amino acids and umami-producing amino acids, such as glutamic acid and aspartic acid, than strains belonging to Aspergillus subgenus circumdati. The genera Penicillium and Scopulariopsis produced large amounts of total amino acids and glutamic acid, suggesting that these genera play an essential role in producing umami and kokumi tastes in fermented soybean products. Strains belonging to Aspergillus subgenus circumdati, including A. oryzae, showed the highest amino acid content, including glutamic acid, suggesting the potential benefits of A. oryzae as a starter for soybean fermentation. This study showed the potential of traditional meju strains as starters for soybean fermentation. However, further analysis of processes such as the production of G-peptide for kokumi taste and volatile compounds for flavor and safety is needed.