• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권10호
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• pp.714-730
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• 2017

Pre-mRNA splicing further increases protein diversity acquired through evolution. The underlying driving forces for this phenomenon are unknown, especially in terms of gene expression. A rice alternatively spliced transcript detection microarray (ASDM) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) were applied to differentiate the transcriptome of 4 representative organs of Oryza sativa L. cv. Ilmi: leaves, roots, 1-cm-stage panicles and young seeds at 21 days after pollination. Comparison of data obtained by microarray and RNA-Seq showed a bell-shaped distribution and a co-lineation for highly expressed genes. Transcripts were classified according to the degree of organ enrichment using a coefficient value (CV, the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean values): highly variable (CVI), variable (CVII), and constitutive (CVIII) groups. A higher index of the portion of loci with alternatively spliced transcripts in a group (IAST) value was observed for the constitutive group. Genes of the highly variable group showed the characteristics of the examined organs, and alternatively spliced transcripts tended to exhibit the same organ specificity or less organ preferences, with avoidance of 'organ distinctness'. In addition, within a locus, a tendency of higher expression was found for transcripts with a longer coding sequence (CDS), and a spliced intron was the most commonly found type of alternative splicing for an extended CDS. Thus, pre-mRNA splicing might have evolved to retain maximum functionality in terms of organ preference and multiplicity.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.70-70
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• 2011

The prospects of current and coming solar-photovoltaic (PV) technologies are envisioned, arguing this solar-electricity source is beyond a tipping point in the complex worldwide energy outlook. Truly, a revolution in both the technological advancements of solar PV and the deployment of this energy technology is underway; PV is no longer an outlier. The birth of modern photovoltaics (PV) traces only to the mid-1950s, with the Bell Telephone Laboratories' development of an efficient, single-crystal Si solar cell. Since then, Si has dominated the technology and the markets, from space through terrestrial applications. Recently, some significant shift toward technology diversity have taken place. Some focus of this presentation will be directed toward PV R&D and technology advances, with indications of the limitations and relative strengths of crystalline (Si and GaAs) and thin-film (a-Si:H, Si, Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2, CdTe). Recent advances, contributions, industry growth, and technological pathways for transformational now and near-term technologies (Si and primarily thin films) and status and forecasts for next-generation PV (nanotechnologies and non-conventional and "new-physics" approaches) are evaluated. The need for R&D accelerating the now and imminent (evolutionary) technologies balanced with work in mid-term (disruptive) approaches is highlighted. Moreover, technology progress and ownership for next generation solar PV mandates a balanced investment in research on longer-term (the revolution needs revolutionary approaches to sustain itself) technologies (quantum dots, multi-multijunctions, intermediate-band concepts, nanotubes, bio-inspired, thermophotonics, ${\ldots}$ and solar hydrogen) having high-risk, but extremely high performance and cost returns for our next generations of energy consumers. This presentation provides insights to the reasons for PV technology emergence, how these technologies have to be developed (an appreciation of the history of solar PV)-and where we can expect to be by this mid-21st century.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2006

황철석에 대한 압축성 연구를 다이아몬드 앤빌 기기 및 방사광을 이용하고 에너지분산 X-선회절법을 적용하여 상온에서 시행하였다. 황철석의 체적탄성률은 실험조건과 실험기기에 따라 매우 큰 변이를 보이고 있는데 이는 압력전달매체의 특성에 따른 것으로 알려져 있다. $FeS_{2}#1$(황철석+NaCl)과 $FeS_{2}#2$(황철석+MgO)에 대해 압력전달 매체로 각각 NaCl과 유체를 이용하여 체적탄성률 138.9 GPa와 198.2 GPa를 각각 얻었다. 이러한 값은 시료방의 압력상태에 따른 예측 결과치에 대치되는 것으로 그 원인은 압력전달액체의 상변이에 따른 것으로 추정되며 이외에 고상검출기의 차이, E*d값의 차이 등도 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 모든 실험은 포항가속기연구소 1B2 빔라인에서 시행되었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.691-703
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• 2013

The costume culture of ladies in late Goryeo is an important and rare source for cultural fashion souvenir design. This study investigates the historical costume design sources of late Goryeo to suggest high quality traditional and practical ornament souvenir designs for female dolls as well as examples of coordination with doll costumes. The costume culture of late Goryeo contained golden Buddhism and a revival of $12^{th}$ century Goryeo costume characteristic after the period of Mongolian influences from the Yuan. The main sources for doll ornament designs are $14^{th}$ century Buddhist paintings, a few ornament relics of Goryeo, ancient literature, and portraits of ladies in the $14^{th}$ century that originated from five doll's traditional ornaments (lotus hairpin, cloud-shaped hairpin, Buddhist flower hair ornament, vase-shaped Binyeo, and bell of animalhuman face) and three wig designs (wigs from Buddhist paintings and portraits, and hairpiece) with bleached gilding silver, silk, various gemstones and synthetic hair. These doll ornament and wig designs imply the symbol of Buddhism, exorcism, and costume culture of $14^{th}$ century Goryeo ladies that can be matched with two doll gowns, half-sleeved jacket, skirt, two Jogoris, apron, under trousers as formal, semi-formal, and town-wear according to the T.P.O of late Goryeo; in addition, five ornaments can be used as owner's ornaments. The partial changing colors and materials due to the characteristics of doll ornament goods as well as better communication between researcher and constructor remain to be improved.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.302-312
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• 2010

In order to describe the performance of a wedge type jellyfish excluder device, a series of fishing experiments was carried out in the coastal areas of Yokji Island, southern Korea in 2009, using a trawl net with a cover net. The body size and weight of each individual (fish or jellyfish) caught in the experimental fishing were measured. In the case of giant jellyfish the bell diameter and weight were measured. The catch species was composed of giant jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai), silver croaker (Pennahia argentata), yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactics), finespotted flounder (Pleuronichthys cornutus), largehead hairtail (Trichiuruslepturus), melon seed (Psenopsisanomala) and so on. The weight ratio and individual ratio of total fish escaped through the outlet of the excluder device were 0.322 and 0.320, respectively. The weight ratios of giant jellyfish excluded from the trawl net ranged from 0.740 to 0.921 (average 0.852/haul). It means that the wedge type jellyfish excluder device performed well and allowed the most of the giant jellyfish to exclude through the trawl net. The approximately 70% of fish entered in trawl net was caught. The wedge type excluder device needs some improvements to minimize the fish escape from the trawl nets in the future.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2013

We conducted investigations of the information and welfare of broiler chickens in Korea. The livestock housing of all broiler chicken farms were windowless type, bell feeder and nipple waterer were used, and stocking density was relatively higher (ranging from 18.2 $birds/m^2$ to 24.2 $birds/m^2$) than RSPCA's welfare standards for chicken hens (less than 19 $birds/m^2$). The ratios of sandwich panel, urethane form, slate, and steel plate in roofing materials were 61%, 21%, 13%, and 5%, respectively. The ratios of sandwich panel, urethane form, brick, and steel plate in wall materials were 61%, 21%, 13%, and 5%, respectively. The ratios of soil and concrete in flooring materials were 10% and 90%. The mist spray, fan, and cooling pad in cooling facilities were 42%, 32%, and 26%, respectively. Thus we believe that present data contribute to develop the animal welfare certification for broiler chickens and to improve animal welfare in Korea.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.126-140
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to examine the fashion design applying to the hoop, which have become various since 1980. To do this, this study is investigated the origin and the changes of the hoop historically, then classified its types, and finally analyze the collections from 1980 to 2003. The hoop was appeared on the late 15th century. Then in the mid 16th century, bell-shaped farthingale was prevailed, followed by drum-shaped wheel farthingale and hausse-cul in England and France. In the 17th century, slim silhouette was popular, so that the hoop declined gradually. In the 18th century, panier and panier double were introduced which is to make side-expanded skirt silhouette. In the 19th century, crinoline and bustle were created. The hoops applied to modern collections are used various materials, techniques, and forms. It is a main item of historicism which appeared in the trend of post-modernism and the phenomenon of applying underwear to an outer garment like corset. The hoop is adapted into three ways: only with the frame of hoop, wearing a skirt with some parts of the frame exposed on purpose, and wearing a skirt on the frame, thus not showing the frame. Thus, it is thought that wearing a hoop as a frame is used an element of recreation of past fashion, at the same time it was affected by historicism which is a branch of post-modernism. Applying the hoop as an outer garment may be affected by eroticism which changed underwear into an outer wear in postmodernism and deconstructivism.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial composition characteristics of elderly housing facilities in Korea, in order to refer them in establishing the basic plan for elderly housing in Korea. The case study performed in this study from October 16 to October 31 is based on ten housing facilities for the elderly in KOREA. During the site visits, the interview with the custodians, survey of the space, picture taking and diagram gathering were carried out. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The type of floor plan was classified into ㅁ type, L type, and ㅡ type. And they hadn't an outside space called a garden(courtyard). 2. The kinds of common spaces could be grouped as the space for basic living, for leisure, and for convenient living. Also it was all common that the housing facility had common diningroom laundry room once, and activity room. The type of the common spaces was categorized into three types, the centralized type where the shared space was located at the center of the housing facilities, the distributed type, depending on the degree of separation between common spaces and units, and another each building type. 3. The kinds of units was classified into studio, oneroom, one bedroom and two bedroom. 4. Elevator, safety grab bar, emergency bell, and the door handle of lever or bar type were placed in these facilities.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제24권10A호
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• pp.1462-1470
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 레일레이 페이딩 채널 하에서 ALOHA방식을 이용한 패킷 무선망의 성능을 분석한다. 접속을 획득하고 접속률을 높이는 방안으로 켑춰효과를 이용하고 셀룰러 환경을 고려하기 위해서 트래픽 모델을 절단된 종형 분포로 가정한다. 논문에서 제안된 패킷 구조는 접속시 서로 충돌하는 확률을 줄여 채널처리용량을 향상시킬 수 있도록, 여러 사용자가 접속을 획득하기 위해 서로 경쟁하는 경쟁영역과 사용자의 데이터 정보가 들어있는 데이터 영역으로 나뉜다. 경쟁영역에서는 공통확산부호를 갖는 DS방식을 이용하여 신호를 전송하고 데이터 영역에서는 하이브리드 DS/FH방식을 이용하여 신호를 전송한다. BPSK 변조를 사용하였으며 수신기는 선형상관수신기와 hard-limiting상관수신기를 사용하였다. 하이브리드 DS/FH 방식은 간섭전력의 변화에 큰 영향을 받지 않으므로 비트 당 칩 개수 N과 도약 주파수의 수q의 값을 적절히 선택하면 간섭전력의 변화가 심한 환경에도 일정한 시스팀 성능을 얻을 수 있고 hard-limiting상관수신기를 이용함으로써 레일레이 페이딩과 같은 현상이 심한 환경에서 좋은 패킷 무선망의 성능을 얻을 수 있다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.455-461
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 화자독립 음소 모델을 사용하는 개인용 음성 다이얼링 시스템의 성능 개선 방법을 제안하였다. 화자독립 음소모델을 사용한 음성 다이얼링 방법은 각 화자가 발성한 단어와 연관된 음소 열만을 저장하므로 저장 공간은 크게 줄일 수 있으나 화자독립 모델을 음소 인식에 사용할 때 발생하는 오차로 인하여 화자종속 모델을 사용하는 방법보다는 인식 성능이 저하되는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 학습과정에서 학습 데이터의 음소 열과 화자 적응을 위한 변환 벡터를 동시에 추정한 후 음소 열과 함께 저장하고, 인식 시에 화자독립 음소 모델을 각 화자의 변환벡터를 사용하여 변환한 후 인식을 수행하는 방법을 제안하였다. 여기서 화자적응을 위한 변환 벡터는 확률적 매칭 (stochastic matching)을 위한 최고 유사도 (maximum likelihood) 방법을 이용하여 구하였으며 음소 열과 함께 반복적으로 추정되었다. 인식 실험에서 제안된 방법은 음소 열만을 사용하는 기존 인식 시스템보다 우수한 성능을 나타내었다.