• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1268-1280
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• 2023

Echinacoside (ECH) is a naturally occurring phenylethanoid glycoside, isolated from Echinacea angustifolia, and this study aimed to analyze its effect on thermogenesis and its interaction with dopaminergic receptors 1 and 5 (DRD1 and DRD5) in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes and mice models. We employed RT-PCR, immunoblot, immunofluorescence, a staining method, and an assay kit to determine its impact. ECH showed a substantial increase in browning signals in vitro and a decrease in adipogenic signals in vivo. Additionally, analysis of the iWAT showed that the key genes involved in beiging, mitochondrial biogenesis, and ATP-dependent thermogenesis were upregulated while adipogenesis and lipogenesis genes were downregulated. OXPHOS complexes, Ca²⁺ signaling proteins as well as intracellular Ca²⁺ levelswere also upregulated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes following ECH treatment. This was collectively explained by mechanistic studies which showed that ECH mediated the beiging process via the DRD1/5-cAMP-PKA and subsequent downstream molecules, whereas it co-mediated the α1-AR-signaling thermogenesis via the DRD1/5/SERCA2b/RyR2/CKmt pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Animal experiments revealed that there was a 12.28% reduction in body weight gain after the ECH treatment for six weeks. The effects of ECH treatment on adipose tissue can offer more insights into the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2011

Due to rapid growth of nail art industry, various materials and expression tools are have been developed. Increasing number of consumers favor diverse nail art techniques including painting and artificial tips in addition to basic care such as cuticle trimming or coloring. Accordingly, the diversity of polish colors has been settled as a concept of total fashion in addition to the clothes and accessories. As the result, nails may be damaged or discolored. A study the nail discoloration by using polish was purposed that contribute to the development of nail protective products. The tests were conducted with 20 college students for six months from March 3 to Aug. 28, 2009, using digital camera as the measurement apparatus. The students were classified into two groups which applied bright polish (white, beige, pink series) and dark polish (purple, blue, black series), and then divided into the groups applied and not applied the base coat which is known to be effective in preventing nail discoloration, and the groups applied and not applied tonic. The students applied polish for one week, and removed the polish with remover and photographed to examine the degree of nail discoloration. Dark colored polished resulted in earlier coloration and discoloration than the bright colored ones. Base coat could prevent coloration and the color changes of hyponychium and eponychium were lighter than the cases not applied with base coat. Tonic could delay coloration and reduced the color changes of hyponychium showing that tonic was effective for preventing coloration and discoloration of nail in addition to nutrition.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 1998

This study has it's purpose in examining the materialized background. characteristic of African traditional costume and the A fro fashion of the year 1960. and it's influence on the contemporary fashion. Then the findings are applied to suggest a new way of image creation. 1960' s was the year in which people tried to free oneself from the ruling culture of the social standards. war. and the development of science. By such movement. people started to get interested in the environment and ecology. This then lead to the interest of the rights of the minority. With the youngs as the central figure A fro hair style and dashiki appeared as the street fashion. The characteristics of African costume applied to A fro fashion in 1990' s is as below. First. the North African style. Djellaba. and wrap style in the most common silhouette. Second. heavy materials such as stone. copper. silver. and gold are used. Necklace can be classified according to it's simple but. modern style. delicate but grand style. Bracelets are however. broad in width and many rings are worn widely. Third. Multi colored stripe and prints inspired by tattoo and deformation using red brown. dark beige. and orange are printed on textiles such as see through. Fourth. image of tattoo and deformation are applied to make-up. A fro hair and corn beads are also African taste. Fifth. African taste in recent fashion showed off the black beauty by appointing black models at the collection. In analyzing the study done above. characteristic images of African costume. accessaries and body painting was applied in presenting 3 creative designs. The first design named "Geometric I", took it's motif from the geometric pattern of the body painting with the afro hair. "Geometric II", the second design, showed it's application of geometric pattern of mutilation and the silhouette of the costume by using the see through. The third design called the "Geometric III" showed that the aesthetic and decorative side of clothing can be satisfied by applying various form and color of accessaries as the motif. A fro fashion is chosen as one of the folklore mood and it's beauty is conveyed on till today.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2003

The purpose of this research is to expand the realm of a button for a decorative purpose through embossing the effect and gravity of a button in fashion by designing the new ceramic buttons which are mainly used for decorative function in costume. In order to acquire a motif for the design, I analyzed several works of Gustav Klimt. As the result, those feature can be classified into the use of decorative lines, mosaic forms, and harmony of golden yellow and black, and it can be applied to buttons and clothes design. The sort of clay used in manufacturing the ceramic buttons was white clay to have high density and to diffuse light well, and press shaping techniques using plaster mold were employed. The baking was performed in an electronic kiln at $800^{\circ}C$ for the first time and at $1250^{\circ}C$ for the second time. Based on wearable designs in 2002/2003 F/W Trend of Interfashion Planning, I made three pieces of dress which could express the button's capability of decoration with effect. This is expressing a simplified form which shows up in details of and yellow and red pink were used to harmonize with golden yellow clothes. As an application of shapes of foliage in I transformed its size and form to be consistent with a jacket and a tube top. To accord with golden beige costume, I made a curve, showing up in Klimt's paintings, with golden color on a circle shape which was also a main motif in his paintings.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.539-552
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to find out the proper evaluative words and colors according to various fashion images and to classify the fashion images according to certain criteria. 13 books which included the content of the fashion images were selected to draw evaluative words and colors. Evaluative words and colors were found out as follows: classic image-traditional, classical, conservative and brown, wine, dark yellow, modem image-intelligent, rational, westernized and achromatic color, cool colors, elegance image-dignified, graceful, chic and greyish tone, pale tone, romantic image-cute, lovely, girlish, natural image-natural, comfortable, gently and brown, ivory beige, khaki, casual image-energetic, comfortable, active and red, yellow, blue family. The classification of fashion images according to various criteria were as follows. According to sex: feminine-elegance, romantic, pretty and masculine-mannish, dandy, military. According to time: past-conservative, traditional, classical, and present-modern, contemporary, sophisticate. According to formality: formal-formal wear of classic, elegance, mannish, dandy style and informal-natural, casual. According to intelligence, the elite style-modern, elegance, classic, sophisticate and the public style-casual, natural.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2017

An agar-degrading bacterium, designated as the GNUM08123 strain, was isolated from samples of red algae collected from the Yongil Bay near East Sea, Korea. The isolated GNUM08123 strain was gram-negative, aerobic, motile, and beige-pigmented, with $C_{16:0}$ (25.9%) and summed feature 3 (comprising $C_{16:1}{\omega}7c/iso-C_{15:0}2-OH$, 34.4%) as its major cellular fatty acids. A similarity search based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that it belonged to class Gammaproteobacteria and shared 97.7% similarity with the type strain Vibrio chagasii $R-3712^T$. The DNA G+C content of strain $GNUM08123^T$ was 46.9 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8. The results of DNA-DNA relatedness and 16S rRNA sequence similarity analyses, in addition to its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, suggest that strain GNUM08123 is a novel species within genus Vibrio, designated as Vibrio sp. GNUM08123. Agarase production by strain GNUM08123 was induced by agar and sucrose, but was repressed probably owing to carbon catabolite repression by glucose and maltose.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 1977

For the purpose researching to the influence of tetrahedral and octahedral preference of cations of $Ni^{2+}$, $Ti^{4+}$ upon the formation and the color development of the $ZnO-SnO_2$ spinel containing $Ni^{2+}$ and $Ti^{4+}$ ions, the gradual substitution of $Ni^{2+}$ ions for $Zn^{2+}$ ions and of $Ti^{4+}$ ions for $Sn^{4+}$ ions of the spinel in NiO-ZnO-$SnO_2$-$TiO_2$ system was carried out. On samples prepared by calcining the oxide and basic cabonate mixtures at $1300^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours, the X-ray analysis, measurement of reflectance and the test of their stabilaity as a glaze pigment were also carried out. The results are summarized as follows 1) Single spinel was formed completely to x=1 in the $xNiO\cdot(2-x)ZnO\cdot{SnO}_2$system, and gave brilliant lightgreen hue. Moreover, $NiO\cdot{ZnO}\cdot{SnO}_2$ formed easily spinel than $NiO\cdot{MgO}\cdot{SnO}_2$ because Zn^{2+}$ ions had more strong tetrahedral preference than $Mg^{2+}$ ions. 2) As the gradual substitution of $Ti^{4+}$ ions for $Sn^{4+}$ ions in $NiO\cdot{MgO}\cdot{SnO}_2$ system, the spinels formed well and was nearly not changed in the hue. 3) The results of glaze test. (1) As the gradual substitution of $Ni^{2+}$ ions for $Zn^{2+}$ ions, the color changed from dull white to graish broun gradually in calcium-zinc glaze and calcium glaze, and from white to beige in tile glaze. (2) As the gradual substitution of $Ti^{4+}$ ions for $Sn^{4+}$ ions in $NiO-ZnO-SnO_2-TiO_2$ system, the color was become dull generally and was not change in tile glaze.

• 복식
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.106-118
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• 2009

This research is about the changes in the images of Bond and Bond Girl in '007' Series. And it examined through the social background of England from 1960s to 2000s and the costume in the film. The results were as follows: As the era of young fashion was opened after 1960, there was a big change, but Bond was expressed as a hero who had strong male chauvinism of the English aristocratic circles. However, after 1990s, he wore comfortable clothes and he underwent all sorts of hardships. On the other hand, Bond Girl had the image of a sexual target. However, after 1990s, she had sharp appearance and smart brain. Besides, she had professional ideas of a given work and she was changed into a healthy image. Second, Bond's job was an English secrete agent, but Bond Girl had no particular job in 1960s. In 1980s, various professional jobs appeared and in 1990s and 2000s, the professional job which was directly related with Bond's duties appeared. Third, Bond's upper class image was expressed by tuxedo, suit, black, gray, navy, beige, brown, and ivory. His hair was 2:8 parting or Dandy all black style produced his dignified and neat image. After 1990s, he often had casual dress, which created a comfortable image. Bond Girl was expressed feminine style by bikini, underwear, long dress, sky-blue, violet, black, simple costume. After 1990s, she wore a suite, one-piece, or a combat uniform, which showed her professionalism. especially Bond Girl's red dress was used as a psychological color to express temptation, enemy, and betray.

• 복식
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the visual evaluation of image according to the style, hue, value, and chroma of the male clothing and the preference of image. A quasi-experimental method was used for this study. The first factorial design was the $2{\times}3{\times}2{\times}2$ (style of upper clothes ${\times}$ hue ${\times}$ chroma ${\times}$ color of trousers), and the second factorial design was the $2{\times}3{\times}2$ (style of upper clothes ${\times}$ value ${\times}$ color of trousers). The styles of upper clothes were a soutien collar casual jacket and a polo shirt. The subjects were 509 female college students living in Seoul. Factor analysis showed five image categories of men's clothing: initiative, dignity, politeness, activity, and mildness. Yellow was evaluated as having the highest initiative and activity. Blue was shown to have lower mildness than red and yellow. The high saturated chroma was perceived to be higher initiative and activity than low chroma. The shirts were evaluated higher in activity and mildness than the casual jackets were. The beige pants were perceived to be higher in dignity and mildness than the dark blue pants. The high chroma jackets were perceived to be higher in both initiative and activity than the low chroma jackets. The navy blue pants with the upper clothes in low chroma blue were perceived to be higher in politeness than with the upper clothes in low chroma red or yellow. The low value clothes were perceived to be higher in both initiative and dignity.

• 복식
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.147-160
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• 2013

Korean fashion designs became important items in Korea in the middle of the 1980s, and it has advanced into the world market in the early part of the 1990s. To achieve success in global fashion world, it is necessary to analyze Korean fashion design thoroughly and prepare strategies to develop designs with mainstream acceptance in the global fashion world. The purpose of this study is to analyze the aesthetic characteristics and Korean beauties of Korean fashion designs. Fashion photos of Korean fashion designs from 2006 S/S to 2012 F/W were analyzed. 357 designs from 608 designs of 4 representative Korean designers were examined and design characteristics, expression styles were studied. The major conclusions of the study are as follows : 1. H Line, slim, fitted silhouette and loose look were applied. 2. 5 major traditional colors, red, blue, yellow, white and black colors were used. Brown color, neutral color, golden color and beige color of the textile material's original color were used. Traditional textile materials like ramie fabric, satin and cotton, wool and metallic fabric were used. 3. Patterns of flower, traditional pattern and Korean letters were applied. Embroidery, patchwork and mother-of-pearl were decorated. 4. The three types of beauty were natural beauty, moderate beauty and decorative beauty. The types that were analyzed were realistic expression type, moderate expression type, image expression type and mixed expression type. To be accepted in global fashion world, Korean traditional design elements should be modified, broken down and reorganized so that Korean fashion design can be recreated.