• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.85-97
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• 2001

Online games have become the focus of entertainment and multimedia industries as the developments in computer technologies are accelerated and the use of the Internet diffuses broadly. In spite of such growth of online games, academic discussions regarding online games are relatively limited. This research examines several factors that affect player loyalty to online games. In this research, the loyalty is classified into two categories, the behavioral loyalty measured by the intensity, volume, and frequency of use, and the cognitive loyalty measured by the degree of immersion in online games. In this research, an integrated model to explain and predict player loyalty to online games in proposed. Two studies are conducted to test to research model. Throughout analyzing 334 respondents, the first study finds that the impulsive personality of individual players significantly affects both behavioral loyalty and cognitive loyalty. Additionally, it finds that, whereas the behavioral loyalty is influenced by the convenience of online game playing, the cognitive loyalty is influenced by the motive of game playing and the playfulness of games. The second study finds that the behavioral loyalty differs across demographic differences of players (age and occupation), preferred online games of players, and online game playing locations, but the cognitive loyalty differs across only age differences of players. This research has opened a forum for social awareness about the online game culture, provided information to guide online game producers to prepare customer-oriented online games, and created a foundation for academic research on online game industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing emotional and behavioral characteristics of high school students. Methods: This was a descriptive survey using a convenience sample of 672. $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ grade high school students in Inchoen city. Emotional and behavioral characteristics were measured by AMPQ-II scale consisting of 38 items and depression was measured by BDI consisting of 21 items. The subjects were given a self-reporting questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, mean, t-test, ANOVA, Scheff$\acute{e}$-test, ${\chi}^2$-test and multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: General high school students and vocational high school students were more likely to have emotional or behavior troubles, experience depression, and plan suicide than special-purpose high school students. Significant predictors influencing emotional and behavior characteristics were the 'type of high school' and 'depression'. Conclusion: There is a need to develop school-based mental health programs, especially targeting female students, general high school students and vocational high school students.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.2 s.80
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• pp.15-26
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were (1) to investigate children's personalized inferences of characters emotional reactions depending on character's personality trait, emotional situation, children's age and gender, (2) to investigate children's personalized inferences of character's behavioral reactions depending on character's personality trait, emotional situation, children's age and gender, (3) to investigate differences between children's personalized inferences of character's emotional reaction and that of character's behavioral reactions. The subjects were 103 children from three age groups (thirty-four 3-year-olds, thirty-three 5-year-olds and thirty-six 7-year-olds). The statistical methods adopted for the data analysis were frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation, repeated measure ANOVA and paired t-test. The result showed that there were significant differences in children's personalized inferences of character's emotional reaction depending on character's personality trait, emotional situation and their age. There were significant differences in children's personalized inferences of character's behavioral reaction depending on children's age and gender. There were significant differences between personalized inferences of character's emotional reaction and behavioral reactions.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.161-173
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigated on the degree of interest of manners education before and attitude and behavior change satisfaction of post-manners education for Women's University Students. The data for this study were collected from 518 subjects, who were Sookmyng Women's University Students in November, 1996. The subjects were analyzed by Cronbach's α, Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Anova, Factor analysis, Multiple Regression, and Path Analysis. The results were as follows; 1) The general tendency of students' degree of interest of manners education before for Women's University Students was high. 2) Attitude and behavioral change satisfaction of post-manners education was some high. Among the variables, individual life manners, family relations manners, job manner, and wedding ceremony were some high then the other manners areas. 3) The variables of the positive influences for students attitude and behavioral change satisfaction of post-manners education were degree of interest of manners education before, mother's age, grade, major, university life-satisfaction, and mother's job, negative influence variables was family life-satisfaction. 4) The intermediated variable of attitude and behavioral change satisfaction of post-manners education was degree of interest of manners education before and university life-satisfaction. We hope this study to be used as basic data for developing manners education model in university. We also expect further studies on university manners education with precise scale and sampling.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.144-162
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• 2017

This research utilized integrated package program of PASW Statistics 18.0 and AMOS 22.0 to analyze how the influence of service quality factor of coffee chains affects customer satisfaction and intention of customer behavior. The utilized statistics techniques were frequency analysis, exploratory, confirmatory factor analysis, covariance structure analysis, multiple group structure equation model analysis, etc. As a result of hypothesis verification, first of all, it was verified that the service quality factor of coffee chains affected positive (+) effect on service justice. Second, it was verified that the service justice affected positive (+) effect on customer satisfaction. To see it detailed, it is possible to see that all factors, perception of interactive justice, distributive justice, procedural justice, were adopted as the case of affecting service satisfaction (p<.001). Third, it was verified that among the circumstances that service quality affected to satisfaction, justice played a role as intermediary role. Fourth, it was verified that service satisfaction affected positive (+) effect on customer satisfaction, finally, the influence that customer satisfaction affecting behavioral intention has no effect on behavioral intention by brands of domestic or abroad.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.703-711
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sensory stimulation on premature infants. Method: Thirty three premature infants admitted to NICU of D University Hospital in C city were randomly assigned in two groups (Experimental group: 16, Control group:17). For the experimental group, tactile and kinesthetic stimulation developed by Dr. Field was applied 2 times a day for 10 days. Behavioral state was measured using the Anderson Behavioral State Scale (ABSS). Heart rate, respiration, and oxygen saturation were obtained for each infant before and after sensory stimulation. Hypothesis testing was done using the $\chi$$^2$- test, student t-test, and repeated measures of ANOVA. Result: Hypothesis 1: There was a significant difference in the daily body weight gain between experimental and control group (F= 40.77, p= .0001). Hypothesis 2: There was a significant difference in the frequency of 'inactive awake state' between two groups ($\chi$$^2$= 39.778, p= .001). Hypothesis 3: There were significant differences in the mean of heart rate and $O_2$saturation between two groups (t= -2.174, p= .037; t= 3.080, p= .005). However, there was no significant difference in the mean of respiration rate between two groups (t= -1.966, p= .581). Conclusion: The effectiveness of a sensory stimulation on weight gain and behavioral state in premature infants was supported. Further study is recommended to develop a sensory stimulation method as an independent nursing intervention for premature infant.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.50-58
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to identify the causal relationships between service quality, consumer satisfaction, and behavioral intention in coffee shop. Additionally, the stud aims at focusing on whether or not consumer satisfaction plays a moderating role between service quality and behavioral intention. Statistical techniques that involve frequency, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed. In the third research model, consumer satisfaction was unfolded as a moderating variable that enables to be a key player between service quality and behavioral intention. Limitations and considerations of this study were discussed for future study.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.491-499
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to measure the pizza purchasing behavioral characteristics of respondents and importances of factors affecting pizza purchase, to estimate the effects of attributes on choice of pizza restaurant, and to predict probability of selecting a particular pizza restaurant. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: The paired experimental profiles, purchasing behavior and importances of factors affecting pizza purchase. This study generated profiles of 16 hypothetical pizza restaurants based on seven attributes. The profiles comprised 16 discrete sets of variables, each of which had two levels. For this study, researcher randomly selected 150 university students as respondents. Twenty one students did not complete the survey instrument, resulting in a final sample size of 129. All estimations were carried out using frequencies, $X^2$, independent samples t-test, phreg procedure of SAS package. The results were as followed: Some purchasing behavioral characteristics and importances of factors affecting pizza purchase were significantly different by purchase frequency. Based on the estimated models developed for the two purchase frequency groups, the Chi-square statistics were significant at p<0.001. The parameter estimate for late delivery time with frequently purchase frequency group was highest, and the parameter estimate for price with frequently purchase frequency group was highest. The pizza restaurants that charged 20,000 won, offered 100% discount on eleventh pizza, promised to deliver pizza in 20 min, usually delivered the pizza as promised, offered 2 or more types of pizza crust, delivered steaming hot pizza, and did not offer a money-back guarantee which was favored by each of the two purchase frequency groups. The results from this study suggested that there was an opportunity to increase market share and profit by improving operations so that customers can receive discount and money-back guarantee simultaneously, and by reducing price, delivery time.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.644-656
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• 2018

This study focused on relationships among leisure involvement, experience quality and behavioral intention in the urban parks. A total of 335 were collected, and during the data refinement process, 39 questionnaires were eliminated from the study due to partial and inconsistent responses. thus leading to 296 usable questionnaires out of 335. In the final result, 296 questionnaires were coded for the analysis purpose. The hypothesized conceptual model was used to analyze the Descriptive Analysis and Frequency Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis, and Multiple Regression Analysis using SPSS 24.0. The result indicated this: residents' experience quality in urban parks depends on more attraction and centrality of leisure involvement than on the self-experience quality of leisure involvement. The results of this study also indicate that not all experience dimensions are important for resulting in positive behavioral intentions to urban parks. The quality of education, esthetic, and escape experience showed a significant predictor of behavioral intentions, while the quality of entertainment experience did not show a significant positive relationship with behavioral intentions.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.651-661
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate whether breed, sex, and age affected temperament differently (more or less neophobic) in mature horses during a novel object test. The study included Jeju crossbred (n = 12, age = 9.42 ± 4.57 y), Thoroughbred (n = 15, age = 10.73 ± 3.09 y), and Warmblood horses (n = 12, age = 13.08 ± 3.55 y) with the females (n = 22, age = 11.36 ± 4.24 y) and geldings (n = 17, age = 10.65 ± 3.66 y). Jeju crossbreds (Jeju horse × Thoroughbred) are valuable considering their popular usage in Korea, but limited studies have explored temperament of Jeju crossbred horses. A trained experimenter touched the left side of the neck with a white plastic bag (novel object). The test ended when the horse stopped escape response and heart rate (HR) dropped to baseline. Behavioral score and escape duration were measured as behavioral variables. Multiple variables related to HR and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured to reflect emotional state. These included basal HR (BHR), maximum HR (MHR), delay to reach maximum heart rate (Time to MHR), standard deviation of beat-to-beat intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), and ratio of low to high frequency components of a continuous series of heartbeats (LF/HF). Statistics revealed that Thoroughbreds had significantly higher behavioral scores, and lower RMSSD than Jeju crossbreds (p < 0.05), suggesting greater excitement and fear to the novel object in Thoroughbreds. None of the behavioral or cardiac parameters exhibited sex differences (p < 0.05). Age was negatively correlated with SDNN and RMSSD (p < 0.05), indicating that older horses felt more anxiety to the novelty than younger horses. Thoroughbreds and females had distinct correlations between behavioral and HRV variables in comparison with other groups (p < 0.05), implying that escape duration might be a good indicator of stress, especially in these two groups. These results are expected to improve equine welfare, safety and utility, by providing insights into the temperament of particular horse groups, to better match reactivity levels with specific functions.