• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.61-64
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• 2011

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) is the most widely used MS technique for glycan analysis. However, the poor point-to-point and sample-to-sample reproducibility becomes a limit in glycan biomarker research. A prespotted MALDI plate which overcomes the large crystal formation of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) has been developed and applied for glycan analysis. A homogeneous matrix coated surface without a crystal structure was formed on a hydrophilic/ hydrophobic patterned surface using a piezoelectric device. The reproducible MALDI-TOF-MS data have been presented using MALDI imaging of beer glycan as well as serum glycan eluted from 10% and 20% ACN elution fractions. The glycan profile from the serum glycan by MALDI-TOF-MS with a DHB prespotted plate was highly conserved for 10 different spectra and the coefficient of variations of significant ion peaks of MALDI data varies from 3.59 to 19.95.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.43-52
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• 2017

Purpose - The domestic liquor market is steadily increasing, but locally made liquor markets remain stagnant. The market opening due to the FTA and westernized eating habits are expanding the consumption of imported liquor by Koreans and the demand for beer and soju is still high. Therefore, we analyzed the scale efficiency of Korean locally made liquor companies. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on a translog-cost function, a scale efficiency analysis was conducted using the government's information survey on the liquor industry. Data from 541 liquor companies analyzed from 2013 to 2014 were used for analysis. Results - As a result of the scale efficiency analysis, the average sales of the mid-sized locally made liquor companies is 171 million won, but the appropriate sales amount is 1 million won. It is estimated that there is a need to increase sales. Conclusions - The gap between the actual sales and the appropriate sales of mid-sized locally made liquor companies with 3~10 employees is larger, so it is necessary to reduce the average cost by increasing the sales of locally made liquor companies. In order to do so, it is necessary to acquire customer strategies such as product differentiation, advertising and publicity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.125-128
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• 2003

This study aims to feasibility study of the Youth Center. Welfare of adolescents is appeared to a matter of concern and interest as social problems of various kinds related adolescents including the fire at a beer bar in Inchon occur recently. In view of government, in addition to fairness of facility location, location of such facilities arc to be determined the respect to cost of locating facilities and developmental direction in the future. A feasibility study is and effective tool in determining the decision of investment or not and the level of investment priority on projects requiring a sizeable investment and the feasibility of a project. The first, it is to select reasonable location. It was selected three and two by consideration of facilities distribution and connection with others. Five proposal selected was estimated by five element of approach, demand, symbol, reality, environment. In result proposal I was chosen. The next, it is to estimate scales. It was estimated by analysis of catchment area, similar facilities, programs, in result 7,260㎡ come into analysis to the best gross area. The finally, it is to study on economical efficiency. Income Statement estimated was came out ₩1,7billion. in addition, it offer various benefit by public facilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.125-128
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• 2003

This study aims to feasibility study of the Youth Center. Welfare of adolescents is appeared to a matter of concern and interest as social problems of various kinds related adolescents including the fire at a beer bar in Inchon occur recently. In view of government, in addition to fairness of facility location, location of such facilities are to be determined the respect to cost of locating facilities and developmental direction in the future. A feasibility study is an effective tool in determining the decision of investment or not and the level of investment priority on projects requiring a sizeable investment and the feasibility of a project. The first, it is to select reasonable location. It was selected three and two by consideration of facilities distribution and connection with others. Five proposal selected was estimated by five element of approach, demand, symbol, reality, environment. In result proposal I was chosen. The next, it is to estimate scales. It was estimated by analysis of catchment area, similar facilities, programs, in result 7,260$m^2$ cone into analysis to the best gross area The finally, it is to study on economical efficiency. Income Statement estimated was came out \1.7billion. in addition, it offer various benefit by public facilities.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-34
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• 2009

There has been growing agreement that geotechnical reliability-based design (RBD) is necessary for establishing more advanced and integrated design system. In this study, resistance factors for LRFD pile design using CPT results were investigated for axially loaded driven piles. In order to address variability in design methodology, different CPT-based methods and load-settlement criteria, popular in practice, were selected and used for evaluation of resistance factors. A total of 32 data sets from 13 test sites were collected from the literature. In order to maintain the statistical consistency of the data sets, the characteristic pile load capacity was introduced in reliability analysis and evaluation of resistance factors. It was found that values of resistance factors considerably differ for different design methods, load-settlement criteria, and load capacity components. For the total resistance, resistance factors for LCPC method were higher than others, while those for Aoki-Velloso's and Philipponnat's methods were in similar ranges. In respect to load-settlement criteria, 0.1B and Chin's criteria produced higher resistance factors than DeBeer's and Davisson's criteria. Resistance factors for the base and shaft resistances were also presented and analyzed.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.276-290
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• 2024

A study of the transition from transitory state to steady state in DSSCs based on natural dyes is presented; cochineal was used as dye and Li⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺ were the ions added to the electrolyte. The photocurrent profiles were obtained as a function of time. Several DSSCs were prepared with different cations and their role and the transitory-to-steady transition was determined. A novel hybrid charge carrier source model based on the Heaviside function H(t) and the Lambert-Beer law, was developed and applied to analysis of the transient response of the output photocurrent. Additionally, the maximum effective light absorption coefficient α and the electronic extraction rate κ for each ion were determined: ${\alpha}_{Li^+,Na^+,K^+}\,=\,(0.486,\,0.00085,\,0.1126)\,cm^{-1}$, and also the electronic extraction rate ${\kappa}^{Li^+,Na^+,K^+}_{ext.}\,=\,(1410,\,19.07,\,19.69)\,cm\,s^{-1}$. The impedance model using Fick's second law was developed for carrier recombination to characterize the photocurrent.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.837-847
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• 2000

For the treatment of wastewaters generated from beer industry and petrochemical company with high organic and nitrogen contents, laboratory scale of A/O Pure-Oxygen Biofilm (POB) process was developed and studied by means of the comparative economic analysis with extended aeration process. When the wastewater of beer company was initially treated by the A/O POB process in the ranges of 70 to 150 mg TOC/L diluted with tap water, higher than 92% of TOC removal was accomplished in the all ranges. In case of petrochemical wastewater, the initial TOC removal was as low as 52%, though, it increased to 86% after 32 days of operation and also the TKN removal marked 71% after 27 days. Continuous high removal rates were monitored in both the TOC and TKN parameters during the experimental period. Due to the cost for PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) setting and biomass supporting media installation, the initial construction cost of A/O POB process was 2.9 times higher than that of extended aeration process. However, the advantages such as low sludge production, no need for sludge recycling and low energy consumption allow the A/O POB process to have 2.5 times lower operation and maintenance costs. Consequently, in the long term of operation, it is likely that A/O POB process would show higher performance as well as cost effectiveness compared to extended aeration process.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2013

Glass bottle lightness index has been used as a guideline for the lightness of glass bottle. In this study, we developed a glass bottle lightness index (L) by modifying Emhart's lightness index. Domestic and foreign glass bottle products were collected in Korean market and classified into two groups, returnable bottle and one way glass bottle. Emptied glass bottle weight and volume were measured and written product's content volume were recorded to calculate the L value. Based on L value, 'acceptable' and 'optimum' criteria for design guideline of glass bottle were established for both returnable and one way glass bottles. Many of one way glass bottles failed to meet acceptable criteria (L=1.0), while returnable glass bottles mostly satisfied acceptable range (L=1.4). Few of one way glass bottles were even heavier than returnable glass bottles. Generally lightness index (L) of small size drink glass bottles (100 ml) were above 1.0, while these of juice glass bottles (180 ml) were close to acceptable criteria. Most foreign sauce glass bottles met the acceptable level, however most domestic souse glass bottles failed to satisfy acceptable criteria. A few foreign beer glass bottles satisfied optimum criteria, while most domestic beer glass bottles were acceptable level. Our results reveal that domestic glass bottles are mostly heavier than foreign glass bottles. In this paper, we suggest the use glass bottle lightness index as a design guideline for material resource reduction of glass bottle for Korean food and beverage industries.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.537-554
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• 2017

This study had purpose to examine the consumers preference and buying property of processed products by rice, barley, wheat, bean. For the study, the interview was conducted of 300 samples more than 19 years of age. We attempt to examine consumers' preference and individual properties when purchasing processed grain products. Questionnaire was filled for the 23 variable by referring to previous studies to investigate the properties to consider when consumer purchasing the products. To conceptualize, reduce the high correlation parameters by factor analysis. The results attribute to seven factors that safety, brand/image, taste/shelf life, convenience seeking, preferred high-quality, price, consumption patterns. These properties showed significant differences in demographics. First, there was statistically difference by age in safety, brand/image, high quality preference, taste/shelf life. Second, Safety and high-quality preference were the difference between jobs, and depending on household income were significant difference in consumption patterns. We analyzed the purchasing preference by purchase frequency. Ramen, bread, beer are higher purchase frequency than any processed grain products. On the other hand, frozen rice, soybean paste, red pepper paste that are used primarily domestic raw, were lower purchase frequency. But the difference of purchase property according to products was very similar that the highest factor is price, the following factor as taste. Based on these findings, the implications and the limitations of the study were presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.03a
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• pp.65-84
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• 2000

Europe and US which have more restrictive regulations than Korea about the noise and vibration during construction are using Auger-cast Pile to reduce the problem relating with noise and vibration. However Auger-cast Pile has problems like difficult quality control and low bearing capacity. In Europe, Displacement in-situ concrete Pile has been used to sove that problems since 1990s, and Korea has performed the test construction in 1997 and it has been used as the real structural foundation since 1998. Test and real construction results verified that the allowable capacity of the pile(diameter = 410mm) is between 70 and 100ton. Though De Beer & Van Imps design method utilizing CPT result is used to calculate the bearing capacity of the Displacement in-situ Pile, Korea is dependant upon the SPT as the sounding test, so design method utilizing SPT result is necessary to promote the application of the pile. To find out reasonable design method using SPT result, rearing capacity of the pile constructed in sand and clay in Korea was calculated using Meyerhof, SPT-CPT translation method, Nordlund, Douglas and DM-7 method, and the calculation results were compared to the load test result. Analysis result shows that SPT-CPT translation method is more reliable than others and economical design can be possible because it considers efficiently the friction capacity of Displacement in-situ Pile.