• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.611-616
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• 2006

Genetic parameters for performance traits on 409 bulls and growth and carcass traits on 591 of their steer progeny were estimated in Japanese Black cattle with Gibbs sampling. Traits of bulls included body weight at the start (BWS) and finish (BWF) of test, daily gain (DG), concentrate, roughage and TDN intake, and TDN conversion ratio. Progeny traits were BWS, BWF, DG, rib eye area, marbling score (MSR), dressing percentage and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT). In bulls, heritabilities were high for BWS (0.50) and BWF (0.63) and moderate for concentrate (0.48) and TDN intake (0.45), while in progeny, the heritability for all the studied traits was moderate to high (ranging from 0.30 to 0.73), highlighting the potential for genetic improvement of these traits. Genetic correlations between TDN intake and growth traits (BWS, BWF and DG) in bulls were highly positive (ranging from 0.77 to 0.94). The weak but negative genetic correlation (-0.20) between MSR and SFT in progeny indicated that improvement of beef marbling without increasing subcutaneous fat deposition could be possible. The estimated genetic correlations of roughage intake of bulls with body weights (BWS and BWF) and MSR of their progeny were moderate (ranging from 0.35 to 0.52). On the basis of the selection for bulls, growth traits and TDN intake correlated positively with SFT (ranging from 0.43 to 0.53) of their progeny, suggesting the necessity of controlling the increase of SFT in selection programs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.442-450
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• 2015

Climate temperature affects animal production. This study was conducted to evaluate whether climatic conditions affect beef carcass characteristics of Korean cattle steers. The monthly carcass characteristics of Korean cattle steers (n = 2,182,415) for 8 yr (2006 through 2013) were collected from the Korean Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation. Daily climate temperature (CT) and relative humidity (RH) data were collected from the Korean Meteorological Administration. Weather conditions in South Korea during summer were hot and humid, with a maximum temperature of $28.4^{\circ}C$ and a maximum RH of 91.4%. The temperature-humidity index (THI), calculated based on CT and RH, ranges from 73 to 80 during summer. Winter in South Korea was cold, with a minimum temperature of $-4.0^{\circ}C$ and a wind-chill temperature of $-6.2^{\circ}C$. Both marbling score (MS) and quality grade (QG) of Korean cattle steer carcasses were generally best (p<0.05) in autumn and worst in spring. A correlation analysis showed that MS and QG frequencies were not associated (p>0.05) with CT. Yield grade (YG) of Korean cattle steer carcasses was lowest (p<0.05) in winter (November to January) and highest in spring and summer (May to September). A correlation analysis revealed that YG frequency was strongly correlated ($r{\geq}0.71$; p<0.01) with CT and THI values. The rib eye area, a positive YG parameter, was not associated with CT. Backfat thickness (BT), a negative YG factor, was highest in winter (November and December). The BT was strongly negatively correlated ($r{\leq}-0.74$; p<0.01) with CTs. Therefore, the poor YG during winter is likely due in part to the high BT. In conclusion, YG in Korean cattle steer carcasses was worst in winter. QGs were not associated with winter or summer climatic conditions.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.200-206
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• 2006

A survey was conducted to investigate the preferences of wedding reception food, food consumption and its nutrient density, and the factors that influence nutrient density, in order to obtain baseline data for the development of an educational program on dining out. Subjects included 105 male and female adults who attended a wedding ceremony and consumed wedding reception food in the Chungbuk area between August and September 2004 and interviewed using a questionnaire. 63.0% of the subjects responded that they over-ate at the reception. 20.5% reported that they skipped the meal before the reception. The respondents who skipped the meal had more calorie intakes (899kcal) than those who did not (800kcal). In food preferences, noodles (51.0%), watermelon (47.0%), rice cake (39.0%), sweet and sour pork (38.0%), potato noodles stir-fried with vegetables (37.0%), beef rib soup with cooked rice (37.0%), bulgogi (35.0%), braised beef ribs (35.0%), fried shrimp (32.0%) were higher percentages in order. People preferred grain, meat and fatty food to vegetables. Total calorie intake from the reception foods were 881 kcal for males, and 769kcal for females. In evaluation of nutrient density, the density of calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C and dietary fiber did not meet the standard of the recommended intake. Especially, vitamin C and dietary fiber were less than 50% of the recommended level. The main factors that influence the nutrient density were household incomes, occupations, marital status, and total fat consumed. In conclusion, an educational program should be developed and offered to improve their dietary quality.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.499-504
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• 2010

This study was conducted to determine the effects of ruminally protected amino acid-enriched fatty acids (RPAAFA) on body weight gain, feed intake and carcass characteristics of fattening Hanwoo cows. Twenty eight Hanwoo cows, $6.0{\pm}1.7$ years old and weighing an average of $463.2{\pm}77.6\;kg$, were used for 4 months. Animals were fed a basal diet supplemented with RPAAFA at 0 g (control) and 100 g (treatment), respectively. Average daily gain, dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio were not different among the control and treatment. The supplementation of RPAAFA did not affect carcass weight and rib eye areas. Quality grade score ($1^{++}$, $1^+$ and 1) for treatment was higher in RPAAFA supplemented group compared with the control, whereas no differences appeared in meat color, fat color, texture and maturity. Thus present results indicate that supplementation of RPAAFA may be recommended for producing high quality beef from fattening Hanwoo cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1923-1929
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between blood components and carcass traits, and to find the biomarkers related to meat quality and quantity in Hanwoo steers. Methods: One hundred twenty-six Hanwoo steers (8 to 9 months of age, body weight of $185.6{\pm}24.38kg$) were used to find the correlation between blood compositions and carcass traits. The steers were fed concentrate and rice straw (30 steers) or total mixed rations (96 steers) during the whole experimental period. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at the growing (8 to 12 months), fattening (13 to 23 months) and finishing phases (24 to 30 months). Steers were slaughtered at 30 to 31 months of age (body weight of $701.6{\pm}60.45kg$) and the carcass traits were evaluated. Blood metabolites and hormones were analyzed and the correlation coefficients and regression equations with carcass traits were determined. Results: Average concentrations of retinol, leptin and insulin were 1.10 IU, 30.34 ng, and 35.35 ng per mL of blood plasma, respectively. Retinol has negative correlations (p<0.01) with insulin and leptin. Blood insulin and total protein decreased with the age of steers, but retinol, aspartic acid transaminase (AST), glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride increased. In the finishing phase, significant (p<0.01) negative correlations occurred between blood retinol content and marbling score, and between blood AST content and longissimus muscle area of 13th rib, and the following regression equations were obtained: Marbling score $(1-9)=-0.009{\times}retinol(IU/100mL)+9.125$ ($R^2=0.643$), Longissimus muscle area $(cm^2)=-0.250{\times}AST(U/L)+112.498$ ($R^2=0.450$). Conclusion: It is possible to make highly marbled beef by controlling the blood retinol content during the fattening and finishing phases of Hanwoo steers. Accordingly, blood retinol and AST could be biomarkers for determining beef quality and quantity, respectively, prior to slaughter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2002

This research aimed to find out menu preference for middle school students and was conducted in a form of questionnaire sampled form middle school students in 10 schools where the meal program under commission was operating in Seoul. The questionnaire was distributed from Dec. 1 to 20, 2000 and gathered menu preference of staple, soup or stew, side dishes and dessert by each meal, season, gender. Statistical data analysis was completea using the SAS package, such as average and standard deviation, frequency analysis and T-test. The results can be summarized as follows : Most of the schools provided rice for lunch, while the students preferred noodles, mandu and bread. Most of students preferd beef rib soup. Gimchi stew with clear soup was favored for breakfast and stews for lunch and dinner. Side dishes were more favored by female students, in which shows the differences between male and female students. Students preferred dessert the most with fruits(4.49). It is required that the quality of school meals should be improved through the service of various kinds of desserts.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1988

Ninety feeder steers, predominantly Herefords weighing 280 kg, were assigned at random to each of nine diets: basal (high concentrate); 25 or 50% of untreated rice straw (25- or 50 URS) or ammoniated rice straw (25- or 50 ARS); a 50:50 mixture of URS - alfalfa or ARS - alfalfa replacing a proportion of the basal at 25 and 50%. Animals were slaughtered after 154 or 161 days of feeding. The cattle fed 50% URS had the lowest (P<.05) carcass weight, dressing & external fat thickness, kidney, pelvic and heart fat, rib eye area, marbling score, quality and yield grades, followed by cattle fed 50% ARS, 50% rice straw/alfalfa, and 25% rice straw alone or 25% rice straw/alfalfa mixture. Ammoniation of rice straw improved all measured traits. A 25% substitution of basal diet with untreated or ammoniated rice straw and a 50% substitution with rice straw/alfalfa mixture did not significantly affect carcass traits compared to the basal group. Only 50% ARS and 50% URS cattle showed differences in body composition (P<.05) with lower fat and higher water and protein contents. No significant differences were found in shear value, panel tenderness, connective tissue, juiciness, flavor and overall palatability of meat from steers fed the basal, ARS or URS diets.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.559-570
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• 2002

This research was to investigate the operation of contracted food service management and menu preferences of middle school students in Seoul. Questionnaires were distributed between Dec. 1 and 20,2000 in 10 middle schools. Statistical data analyses were completed using the SAS package, including the mean, standard deviation and frequency analysis. The results can be summarized as follows: The average number of meals per middle school was 1,000 and only lunch was served in each school. In terms of facilities and equipment, low rates of the possession of cooking equipment and food carts were the major hindrance to work and production efficiency. The students' main demands were taste, sanitation, variety of food, the introduction of brand foods, the price of foods, and the speed of reaction to their dissatisfaction. Most of the schools provided rice for lunch, while the students preferred noodles, mandu and bread. beef-rib soup was preferred to broth. for side dishes, fish, roasted meat and fried foods were highly favored, along with processed foods, with low preferences for vegetables. The middle school students favored fruits. Lastly, they requested that the quality of school meals be improved through the development and supply of various desserts.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.458-467
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• 1986

This study was conducted to investigate the contamination level of some heavy metals for common restaurant meals in Seoul area and further to estimate the total dietary intake of heavy metals from the meals. The samples included seolong-tang (beef and rice soup) or galbi-tang (beef-rib soup), yeukkye-jang (spicy beef soup), doenjang-chigye-bab (boiled rice with soy paste stew), bibim-bab (boiled rice with assorted mixtures), and bibim-naengmyon (buckwheat vermicelli with assorted mixtures), which were separated into drained residues and fluids and determined for their heavy metal contents by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The average concentrations of heavy metals in drained residues and fluids of 105 meal samples were 0.034 ppm, 0.017 ppm in Cd, 0.179 ppm, 0.073 ppm in Pb, 0.491 ppm, 0.308 ppm in Cu and 4.624 ppm, 1.403 ppm in Zn, respectively. The total amount of heavy metals per meal was $28\;{\mu}g\;Cd$, $145\;{\mu}g\;Pb$, $416\;{\mu}g\;Cu$ and $3654\;{\mu}g\;Zn$. The total dietary intake per day was estimated to give $84\;{\mu}g\;Cd$, $434\;{\mu}g\;Pb$, $1247\;{\mu}g\;Cu$ and $10960\;{\mu}g\;Zn$. Intake levels of Cd and Pb were higher than the daily intake limit established by FAO/WHO.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the information of food preference of workers for meal served by industry foodservice. The subjects were composed of 212 office workers and 220 laborers. The results were obtained as follows : 50.7% of the subjects were 30∼39 years old ; 72.0% of them had high school education ; the type of favored food was Korean style cooked rice ; food taste was the most important point in food selection. Preference form main foods : Cooked rice was preferred the most by the subjects. Both office workers and laborers liked Kalkooksoo and vegetable bread and cooked rice covered with beef was preferred by office workers and cooked rice covered with raw fish pieces was preferred by laborers. Also they disliked Hash rice, Curry rice and rice-cake soup in the pattern. Preference for side-dish : The Acceptances for side-dishes were high in soybean paste soup(office workers : 37.5%, laborers : 31.5%), hot chowder of corvina(26.1%, 25.7%), kimchi stew(30.5%, 28.8%), beef broiled in soy(32.5%, 30.5%), baked fish(32.5%, 31.9%), pachon(20.7%, 25.9%), a meat inside a razor clam(25.1$, 29.2%) and Chinese cabbage kimchi(44.5%, 46.3%), in that order by both of them. But in office workers, seasoned bean sprouts and steamed beef-rib were shown to have high preference and in laborers seasoned spinach and steamed pork-rib were high. Preference of snacks : The preferences for snacks were high in milk(office workers : 50.3%, laborers : 48.5%), Songpean(28.9%, 30.1%), coffee(30.8%, 32.5%), Sikhye(18.8%, 17.5%), in that order by two groups.