• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2010

The object of this study was to investigate the effects of rice particle size on the physicochemical properties of beef-rice porridge. The pH of beef-rice porridge was decreased as compared to that of the control, while the redness of beef porridge increased according to rice particle size. The viscosity of flour in the beef-rice porridge was the highest among three porridges, at $40^{\circ}C$. The protein content of beef-rice porridge was increased 3-fold over that of rice porridges. The total amino acid content of the beef-rice porridge was 3071.2 mg/100 g, and that of rice porridge was 1147.5 mg/100 g. As compared to rice porridge, the maximum amounts of the amino acids Lys and Thr were increased beef-rice porridge. Sensory evaluation results showed that the beef-rice porridge with a particle size half that of rice had the highest scores in color, taste, texture, and overall preference. Based on these results, it is suggested that beef-rice porridge with a particle size half (0.7-2.5 mm) that of rice has optimal quality in terms of both physicochemical and sensory properties.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2016

Interaction between carcass quality grade and end-point cooking temperature on eating quality of Hanwoo m. longissimus was investigated. Ten (10) of steers were sampled from a commercial population; carcasses with QG 1⁺⁺ (n=5) and QG 1 (n=5) were chosen. Samples were cooked by electric oven at 60 or 82℃ and compared with uncooked control samples. The pH was not affected by cooking temperature but decreased the redness after cooking and steaks cooked at 60℃ were more reddish than steaks cooked at 82℃ in both QG groups. Higher cooking temperature greatly (p<0.05) increased the cooking loss, but there was no significant interaction between cooking temperature and QG on the cooking loss. Moisture is negatively correlated with temperature in both QG while the proportionate relationship between crude fat and end-point temperature found in QG 1⁺⁺. WBSF values were significantly (p<0.05) high for QG 1, while that was significantly (p<0.05) increased when the temperature continues to increase. The increasing quality grade of beef resulted in significant higher (p<0.01) level of TBARS and cooking temperature increased TBARS content. Fatty acid composition was not altered by cooking at both temperatures and also the amount of fat intake was not changed. The current study indicates that eating quality of beef m. longissimus was greatly influenced by end-point temperature being interacted with QG. However, the amount and composition of fat were stable regardless of end-point temperatures. These results will provide a consumer reference to determine cooking conditions and intramuscular fat content.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2020

The objectives of this study was to compare palatability changes of the longissimus thoracis (LT) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles of Hanwoo steers from different beef quality grades (1⁺ and 1) during 28 d of wet-aging in order to improve the utilization of the VL muscle as a steak. The VL muscle showed a higher collagen content and a lower intramuscular fat content than the LT muscle (p<0.05). As expected, the Warner-Bratzler shear force value was greater in the LT 1 grade (LT-1) muscle than the LT-1⁺ muscle (p<0.05); whereas no difference was observed between the grades in the VL muscle at 24 h postmortem. Compared to 0 d of aging, tenderness scores significantly increased after 14 and 21 d of aging in the LT and VL muscles, respectively (p<0.05). Additionally, there was no difference in tenderness score between the VL-1⁺ aged for 21 d and the LT-1 at 24 h postmortem, although tenderness score was greater in the LT than the VL at each period (p<0.05). Moreover, the VL-1⁺ steak exhibited a higher tenderness score than the VL-1 steak at 21 and 28 d of aging (p<0.05). On the other hand, the effect of aging time on juiciness and flavor in the VL muscle was somewhat limited unlike the LT muscle. Taken together, the VL muscle requires a longer aging time than the LT muscle to improve consumer preference. Considering the tenderness, using a higher quality grade for aging is more useful in the VL muscle.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.489-497
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of beef jerky with prepared various spices. The spices added included green tea, rosemary, clove, thyme, and parsley. According to the analysis of general ingredients, the moisture content was higher in the spice-added samples than in the control jerky, and the crude protein content was higher in green tea- and parsley-added samples. According to the mineral analysis, the most prevalent mineral was Na, followed by K, P, Mg, and Ca, with the contents of Mn and Cu being the least prevalent. Ca and Fe contents werehigher in green tea-added jerky than in samples prepared with other spices. High levels of leucine and lysine were seen amongst different essential amino acids. Total amino acids were within the control jerky containing the most abundant essential amino acids, followed by green tea- and parsley-added jerky. Measurements of texture, hardness and springiness in the spice-added samples appeared to be higher than in the control. Bitterness was higher in clove-addedsamples than in samples prepared with other spices. The evaluation of sensory properties showed that color is higher in green tea-, rosemary- and clove-added samples and that taste was best in green tea-added jerky, followed by parsley-added jerky. Overall quality was high in green tea- and parsley-added samples.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2016

The relationship between chemical compositions, meat quality traits, and palatability attributes in 10 primal cuts from Hanwoo steer carcasses were assessed. Sensory palatability attributes of Hanwoo beef were more closely related with fat content than to moisture or protein content. Among the chemical compositions, only fat had a significant correlation with juiciness (0.67, p<0.001), tenderness (0.32, p<0.05), and overall palatability (0.56, p<0.001). Oleic acid (%) was not significantly related with overall palatability (p>0.05). Overall palatability was negatively correlated with drip loss (−0.32, p<0.05), cooking loss (−0.36, p<0.05), and shear force (−0.54, p<0.01). The correlation between fat content and overall palatability was increased when higher fat cuts (Ansim, Dungsim, Chaekeut, Yangjee, and Kalbi) were analyzed, compared to lower fat cuts (Moksim, Abdari, Udun, Suldo, and Satae). Also, the correlation between shear force and overall palatability was decreased in lower fat cuts compared to higher fat cuts. Our results suggest that the palatability of Hanwoo beef can be improved by increasing fat content in muscles, as increased fat content leads to an increase in sensory tenderness, flavor, and juiciness.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.699-708
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• 2016

Fat in meat greatly improves eating quality, yet many consumers avoid visible fat, mainly because of health concerns. Generations of consumers, especially in the English-speaking world, have been convinced by health authorities that animal fat, particularly saturated or solid fat, should be reduced or avoided to maintain a healthy diet. Decades of negative messages regarding animal fats has resulted in general avoidance of fatty cuts of meat. Paradoxically, low fat or lean meat tends to have poor eating quality and flavor and low consumer acceptability. The failure of low-fat high-carbohydrate diets to curb "globesity" has prompted many experts to re-evaluate of the place of fat in human diets, including animal fat. Attitudes towards fat vary dramatically between and within cultures. Previous generations of humans sought out fatty cuts of meat for their superior sensory properties. Many consumers in East and Southeast Asia have traditionally valued more fatty meat cuts. As nutritional messages around dietary fat change, there is evidence that attitudes towards animal fat are changing and many consumers are rediscovering and embracing fattier cuts of meat, including marbled beef. The present work provides a short overview of the unique sensory characteristics of marbled beef and changing consumer preferences for fat in meat in general.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.142-148
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the quality change of beef muscle, which was thawed by different thawing rate in order to utilize it as fundamental data for establishing optimal and thawing condition. Chilled beef round which was purchased at a commercial market was used. The samples were frozen for 30min(time required to pas through the maximal ice forming zone, -1$^{\circ}C$∼-7$^{\circ}C$) and the thawing conditions were 3.9cm/hr, 0.21cm/hr, 0.13cm/hr. Thawing losses of rapidly thawed meat(3.9cm/hr) were significantly(p＜0.05) lower(6.10%), but cooking and total losses were the highest as 48.17% and 56.44%, respectively(p＜0.05). Characteristics such as color, flavor, texture and overall quality at different the thawing rates showed similar scores, but slightly increased after storage for 24hr. Juiciness of rapidly thawed meat was significantly(p＜0.05) higher than that compared to the other thawing rates.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.537-544
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• 2020

쇠고기 소비트랜드는 소비자 요구와 선호도 등에 따라 변화하고 있다. 본 연구는 한우고기 구매 소비자를 대상으로 구매성향 및 선호도 조사를 통해 쇠고기 등급제 보완방향에 대한 기초자료를 수집하였다. 조사대상자는 2017년 7월 24일부터 8월 14일에 걸쳐 서울, 경기도 및 5대 광역시에 거주하는 소비자를 대상으로 조사를 수행하였고, 무응답 등을 제외하고 최종 362명 데이터를 분석에 이용하였다. 위계적 회귀분석 결과 1등급 선호집단의 구매빈도 증가에는 마블링 형태가, 1⁺등급에서는 지방색이, 1⁺⁺등급에서는 소득, 등급제 개선 의견, 마블링 함량, 마블링 형태가 각각 정의 영향(⁺)을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 반면, 선호등급이 없는 집단에서는 구매빈도 증가에 영향을 미치는 변수는 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 종합적으로 살펴볼 때 구매빈도 증가에 영향을 미치는 변수들이 집단별로 다른 것으로 분석되었는데, 소도체 등급기준은 축산농가 및 산업체의 경제적 이익과 소비자 구매력에 직접적으로 연관되어 있어 매우 중요한 제도이기 때문에 생산자와 소비자 의견을 적절하게 반영하여 합리적이고 과학적인 방향으로 앞으로도 보완되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2018

This study was conducted to analyze the microbiological contamination status of raw beef distributed in Korea, and evaluate the suitability of current aerobic plate count (APC) guidelines. We analyzed five years (2010-2014) of microbiological monitoring data obtained from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and investigated the microbiological status of raw beef collected from meat packing centers and meat shops in the Seoul/Gyeonggi, Gangwon, and Chungcheong regions in August 2015. From 2010-2014, most raw beef (>94%) displayed APC levels of < $1.0{\times}10^6CFU/g$. However, raw beef samples collected from all three regions in August 2015 had comparatively higher APC levels than those reported in previous years. To evaluate the relationship between the APC level and quality, changes in beef loin were evaluated during cold storage for 15 days at $4^{\circ}C$. On day 11, the mean APC level ($4.7{\times}10^6CFU/g$) conformed to current guidelines in Korea ($1.0{\times}10^7CFU/g$) and the pH value was 5.82. However, the sensory evaluation score for color and overall acceptability was under 3.0, meaning that the beef loin was not acceptable for eating. These results suggest that current APC guideline for raw beef should be lowered to $1.0{\times}10^6CFU/g$ to improve both the microbiological safety and palatability of raw beef.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.951-960
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• 2018

Hanwoo cattle are an important food source in Korea and their supply can have a major impact on meat availability for Korean consumers. The Hanwoo population was 1.8 million head in 2005 and gradually increased to 2.6 million in 2015. Per capita beef consumption has also increased, to 11.6 kg per year in 2015, and is expected to continue to increase. Because intramuscular fat percentage is a critical contributor to meat quality, Hanwoo cattle are fed a high-energy corn-based diet for long fattening periods. Long fed diet causes significant alterations in fat percentage in the loin muscle and other areas of the carcass. However, these long feeding periods increase feeding costs and beef prices. Recently, there has been increased Korean consumer demand for lean beef which has less fat, but is tender and priced more reasonably. These consumer demands on the Korean beef industry are driving differing beef production systems and also changes to the beef grading methodology. Korean government has made a significant investment to select bulls with favorable production traits using progeny testing. Progeny tested bull semen has been disseminated to all Hanwoo farmers. A beef traceability system has been employed for all cattle breeds in Korea since 2009. Hanwoo cattle are ear-marked with a 12-digit identification number from birth to slaughter. This number allows traceability of the management history of individual cattle, and also provides information to consumers. Traceability including management information such as herd, farm, year of birth, and carcass data can determine estimated breeding values of Hanwoo. For a sustainable Hanwoo industry, research scientists in Korea have attempted to develop feeds for efficient fattening periods and precision feeding systems based on genetic information for Hanwoo cattle. These initiatives aim to Korean consumer demands for beef and provide more precision management in beef production in Korea.