• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.473-480
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• 2017

We investigated the nutritional characteristics of the uncooked Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis frame (U-STF) as a basic resource for preparing flavor-enriching concentrates. The bone rate based on the fish frame (FF) was 53.2% in U-STF, thus lower than those of cooked skipjack tuna frame (C-STF), the uncooked salmon frame (U-SF), and beef leg bone (BLB). The composition of FF had 48.6-58.0% moisture, 18.4-21.3% crude protein, 7.0-15.0% crude lipid, and 12.8-22.1% ash. Compared to the proximate composition of BLB, that of FF was higher moisture and crude protein but lower solids, crude lipids, and ash. The total amino acid contents of FF was 17.6-20.8 g/100 g, which was higher than that of BLB. The levels of calcium and phosphorus of FF were 4.7-8.5 g/100 g and 2.4-4.2 g/100 g, respectively, thus lower than those of BLB. The brix concentration of FF extract was $5.0-8.2^{\circ}$, being highest in U-STF extracts, followed by extracts of U-SF and then extracts of C-STF. Our results indicate that U-STF is an optimal resource for preparing flavor-enriching concentrates.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.822-828
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• 2014

In this study, the existence of skeletal muscle troponin I (smTnI), well-known as a muscle protein in fat tissues, and the utilization of smTnI as a biomarker for the identification of fat adulteration were investigated. A commercial antibody (ab97427) specific to all of animals smTnI was used in this study. Fat and meat samples (cooked and non-cooked) of pork and beef, and chicken considered as representative meats were well minced and extracted by heating and non-heating methods, and the extracts from fat and meat tissues were probed by the antibody used in both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot. The antibody exhibited a strong reaction to all meat and fat extracts in ELISA test. On the other hand, the results of immunoblot analsis revealed a 23 kDa high intensity band corresponding to the molecular weight of smTnI (23786 Da). These results demonstrate that the existence of smTnI in all animal fat tissues. Since there are monoclonal antibodies specific to each species smTnI, smTnI in fat tissues could be used as a biomarker to identify or determine animal species adulterated in meat products. Therefore, an analytical method to identify fraudulent fat adulteration can be developed with an antibody specific to each species smTnI.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.675-688
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• 2020

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are dangerous chemical compounds that can be formed by cooking foods at high temperatures. The aim of this study is to determine the level of contamination of PAH compounds with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on heat treated meat samples and the consumption of PAH compounds in meat samples, as well as the dietary exposure status and possible health risk estimation. In five different heat treated meat samples (meat doner, chicken doner, meatballs, grilled chicken, and fish), the total PAH (Σ16PAH) contamination level was 6.08, 4.42, 4.45, 4.91, and 7.26 ㎍/kg, respectively. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in meatballs and grilled fish samples had a level 0.70 and 0.73 ㎍/kg. All of the samples analyzed were found to be below the EU permitted limit (5 ㎍/kg) in terms of BaP. Estimates of daily intake (EDI) for a total of 16PAH in heat treated meat doner, chicken doner, meatballs, grilled chicken and fish samples were 3.41, 3.71, 2.49, 4.12, and 1.77 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. In this study, the average margin of exposure (MOE) value calculated was found in the range of 179.487 and 425.000 for BaP and PAH4. This study is the first study to provide important information in terms of evaluating the possible health risk that PAH compounds can create in people's diets due to heat treatment of meat and meat products in Sivas, Turkey.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 시가독소 생성 대장균(STEC)을 검출하기 위해 식품공전의 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)검사법과 loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)를 비교하였다. PCR 및 LAMP의 검출 한계(LOD) 및 정량화 한계(LOQ), 민감도, 특이성 및 효율성을 평가하기 위해 다양한 식품에 STEC를 접종하였다. LOD는 PCR의 경우 10⁴ CFU/mL 이하, LAMP의 경우 10³ CFU/mL 이하로 측정되었다. LOQ 값은 PCR과 LAMP 간에 차이가 없었다. 그러나 4가지 식품군에서 민감도는 양념육이 최대 11.1%, 간소고기가 최소 8.1% 차이가 났다. LAMP는 네 가지 음식 유형 모두에 대해 높은 민감도와 100% 특이도를 보였다. 따라서 LAMP는 식품 유형에 따라 검출률이 비슷하고 특이도와 민감도가 식품공전 PCR보다 우수하기 때문에 STEC에 대한 신뢰할 수 있는 분자 검출 방법이다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1181-1216
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• 2013

본 연구는 한우 브랜드에 대한 자산 가치를 제고하기 위해서 소비자들의 마음속에 차별화된 이미지를 포지션 시킬 수 있는 브랜드 포지셔닝 전략을 개발 하고자 하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해서 먼저 소비자의 인구통계학적인 특성을 바탕으로 ward 군집분석을 실시하여 시장을 3개로 분류하였다. A시장은 고학력, 고소득의 청장년층, B시장은 고학력 고소득의 중장년 계층, C시장은 저소득의 중 장년 소득계층으로 구분 되었다. 둘째 쇠고기 소비자들이 쇠고기 브랜드에 대해 느끼는 제품의 기능적, 정서적, 자아 표현적 편익 등의 지각 자료를 바탕으로 소비자의 포지셔닝 맵을 분석하였다(MDS). 그리고 브랜드 별 포지셔닝 맵과 속성벡터 맵을 연계하여 각 브랜드의 상대적인 위치와 세분시장의 경쟁구조를 분석하고 브랜드별 포지셔닝 전략을 도출하였다. 사례분석 결과 횡성한우는 3개 시장 전체에서 경쟁력을 가지고 있으나 A시장에서 고품격의 명품 가격 이미지, 품질 및 브랜드 이미지에서 소비자의 높은 평가를 받고 있어 A시장을 목표시장으로 선정하였으며, 향후 경영개선을 위해서는 안전성과 신뢰성에 대한 소비자의 인식 제고 활동이 필요 한 것으로 분석 되었다.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2011

In order to provide an effective preparedness for a nuclear or radiological emergency happening in the domestic or neighborhood countries and to solve the vague fear of the people for the ingestion of radioactive livestock products, the establishment of national guideline level for radionuclides in feed is urgently necessary. This is because it is important to secure the safety and to manage the crisis in the agricultural, fishery and food sector by performing the effective safety control during and after nuclear incident. This study was performed to investigate the report cases of international organizations and foreign countries to set up a domestic control standard for managing radioactive substances that may be contaminated in animal feeds due to the nuclear power plant incident. In addition, an attempt was made to provide a useful reference that can help prepare a domestic control standard, using a coefficient that can consider the transfer into livestock through the intake of radioactive contaminated animal feeds. The standard radioisotopes investigated were confined to radioactive cesium ($^{137+134}Cs$) and iodine ($^{131}I$). Guideline level for the radionuclides was calculated by using the transfer coefficient factor and the maximum daily intake of animal feed provided by IAEA. For example, the maximum daily intake of animal feed was set as $25kg\;d^{-1}$ for dairy cows, $10kg\;d^{-1}$ for beef cattle, $3.0kg\;d^{-1}$ for pigs and $0.15kg\;d^{-1}$ for chickens. The result values for radioactive cesium were calculated as $8,696Bq\;kg^{-1}$, $4,545Bq\;kg^{-1}$, $1,667Bq\;kg^{-1}$ and $2,469Bq\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The results for radioactive iodine showed the ranges between $741Bq\;kg^{-1}$ and $76,628Bq\;kg^{-1}$. These data can be utilized as a scientific reference for the preparation of a crisis management manual for the emergency control due to nuclear power plant accident in Korea and neighboring country. These results will contribute to establish the safe feed management system at national level as manual for responding the radioactive exposure of agricultural products and animal feeds, which are currently not established.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2012

노보비오신은 동물용의약품 중 약산성 항생제이며, 우리나라의 경우 선진국에 비해 항생제의 사용이 높은 만큼 동물용의약품의 잔류 사례는 계속해서 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 식품 중 잔류동물용의약품의 안전관리를 위해 축산 식품 중 닭고기, 소고기 및 우유에서 노보비오신에 대한 HPLC-UVD를 이용한 잔류 분석법을 확립하였다. 각 시료 일정량에 메탄올을 가하고 균질화하여 대상 성분을 추출하고 액-액분배법으로 지방성분을 제거한다. 대상성분이 추출된 여액을 실리카 카트리지를 이용하여 정제한 다음 HPLC-UVD로 분석하였다. 확립된 시험법의 정량한계와 직선성은 CODEX 기준에 적합한 수준으로 각각 0.02 mg/kg과 0.999 ($r^2$)이었으며 회수율은 닭고기, 소고기 및 우유에서 각각 $88.8{\pm}5.6-100.3{\pm}4.4$, $88.8{\pm}7.2-97.0{\pm}3.2$ 및 $88.1{\pm}4.3-92.8{\pm}3.6%$이었다. 본 연구에서 확립된 노보비오신의 시험법은 동물용의약품의 안전관리를 위한 공정시험법으로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.241-247
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• 1999

디프테리아는 Corynebacterium diphtheriae에 의해 발생되는 호흡기 질병으로 C. diphtheriae의 exo-toxin을 불활성화 시킨 toxoid 백신을 사용하여 예방해 왔다. 현재까지 국내에서는 정치배양 방법으로 디프테리아 toxin을 생산해 왔기 때문에 생산성과 품질에 한계가 있었으며, 이를 극복하기 위해 발효조를 이용한 발효조건 최적화에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 디프테리아 toxin을 보다 효율적을 얻기 위한 배지로서 beef antigen이 함유되어 있지 않은 casein 유래의 NZ-Case를 선택하였다. 발효조에 의한 toxin 생성은 세포성장과 함께 증가하는 growh-associated form으로 나타났다. 최대의 세포성장과 toxin 생성은 초기 pH가 7.0인 배지에서 0.22vvm의 통기와 400rpm의 교반조건에서 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 최대의 toxin 생성을 위한 최적의 iron 이온의 농도는 0.3mg/L 이었으며, morgamcphospale의 첨가에 의한 calcium-phosphate 침전이 배지 내에 iron 이온의 농도조절을 위하여 요구되었다. 면역원성을 확인하기 위한 역가시험 결과 발효조 배양에서 얻은 toxoid는 4단위에서 모든 guinea-pigs가 생존하여 2단위인 정치배양 toxin에비해 월등히 우수한 것으로 판단되었다. 결국 발효조 배양으로 toxin을 생산할 경우 부작용이 적고 수율과 생산성 및 면역원성 이 우수한 toxid의 생산이 가능하였다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.249-264
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• 2017

Modeling the consumer demand of fresh meat requires its distinct feature which other types of food product does not have. Most of the fresh meat products are likely to be unbranded, bought on a weight basis and affected by macro shocks such as seasonality, holiday effect and the disease incidence. Furthermore, consumers tend to purchase multiple categories of fresh meat in a week. Therefore, we apply a multiple discrete/continuous model on fresh meat consumption data to study the effect of macro shocks on fresh meat sales as well as of price change. As a result shows, Each fresh meat is relatively more likely to be bought in peak season of each fresh meat compared with imported pork which is set as a 'reference category' in this analysis. For clarity of the effect of disease incidence, we perform further analysis regarding the effect of livestock disease on fresh meat purchase probability. It shows that the avian flu in 2014 has strong negative impact on the purchase probability of chicken and the foot-and-mouth disease has negative impact on the purchase probability of pork and beef for part of outbreak periods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1060-1068
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• 2009

The buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is an important contributor to milk, meat, power, fuel and leather production in many developing countries. Buffaloes can be categorized into Asian and Mediterranean buffaloes. Asian buffalo includes two subspecies known as Riverine and Swamp types. Riverine (water buffalo) and Swamp buffaloes possess different genetics (50 vs. 48 chromosomes, respectively), morphology (body frame, body weight, horn shape and skin color) and behavior (wallowing in mud or water) and thus, are reared and used for different purposes. Low per head milk yield, poor reproductive performance (seasonal breeding behavior, anestrous, and longer calving interval) and low growth rate in buffaloes have been attributed to insufficient supply of nutrients. In many parts of Asia, where the buffalo is an integral part of the food chain and rural economy, irregular and inadequate availability of quality feedstuffs and their utilization are hampering the performance of this unique animal. Balanced nutrition and better management can enhance buffalo productivity. Many efforts have been made in the last few decades to improve nutrient supply and utilization in buffaloes. Recent research on locally available feed resources such as crop residues, and industrial by-products, dietary addition of micronutrients, use of performance modifiers and use of ruminally protected fat and protein sources have shown significant potential to improve growth, milk yield and reproductive performance of buffaloes. However, a number of issues, including establishment of nutrient requirements for dairy and beef, development of buffalo calf feeding systems, nutritional management of metabolic and reproductive anomalies, and understanding and exploitation of the buffalo gut ecosystem, need to be addressed. Extensive coordinated research and extension efforts are required for improved buffalo nutrition in developing countries.