• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.233-244
• /
• 2000

After observing a patient diagnosed with Progressive Muscular Dystropies from the August, 31, 2000 to the January, 2001, the following results are obtained. Method and Result: Under our assumption that the Korean Bee Venom Therapy is a good method to treat Progress Muscular Dystropies. Korean Bee Venom Therapy was applied on the following acupuncture points: BL23(Shinsu:腎兪), BL26(Guanyuanshu:關元兪), ST36(Chok-Samni:足三里), LI4(Hapkok:合谷), LV3(Taechung:太), SP10(Hyolhae:血海), SI9(Sojang-Kyonjong:貞). In addition CFC(Carthami Flos;紅花: and Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu;) Herbal-Acupuncture is also treated on the other acupuncture points. For herbal medication was given to the patient based on the Sasang Constitution, Taeyangin Ogapijangchuk-tang. Following these treatments in this case of Progressive Muscular Dystropies, the skeletal muscle functions made remarkable improvement. Conclusion: Based on the clinical results, traditional Korean Medical treatment is believed to be effective for treating Progressive Muscular Dystropies, and further studies should be conducted to provide more valuable information.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.10 no.2 s.23
• /
• pp.99-105
• /
• 2007

Objectives : It is the aim of this study to derive lurker studies evaluating the effectiveness of bee-venom phamacopuncture on malignant melanoma patients. We present a patient of malignant melanoma at right maxilla who survives over one year with stable disease (SD) by the treatment of Bee Venom Phamacopuncture (BVP). Methods : We followed the treatment and examination. We prescribed to the patient what to be taken 1.5cc BVP once a day. Picture series, Head series were followed-up and Neck computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET CT) were performed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy. Results : The patient survives over one year and continued stable disease over 6 months. Picture series, Head series X-ray, neck CT and PET CT were shown no interval change. Conclusion : This case may give us the possibility that BVP offers potential benefits for patients with malignant melanoma.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.85-90
• /
• 2009

Objectives : Sweet bee venom(SBV) is pure melittin, the main component of bee venom, made by removing another components through gel filtration chromatography and propionic acid/urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the using SBV, 2 patients were experienced anaphylaxis by SBV. So, we reported the process of anaphylaxis and consider these situation. Methods : We observed 2 patients suffered from anaphylaxis after treated with SBV in the Korean Medical Hospital, Sangji University. Results : Though SBV was removed allergen from bee venom, it is not possible to complete prevention of anaphylactic shock in the clinics. So, Korean medical doctor using BV or SBV must be prepare the system consider a countermeasure by anaphylaxis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.220-229
• /
• 2019

Background: The therapeutic potential of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture (BVP) on acute ischemic cerebral infraction was determined in mice in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Analysis of acute ischemic cerebral infraction was performed using 7 week old male ICR mice (n = 20) and microglial BV-2 cells. Bee venom ($5{\mu}g/kg$) was injected into the caudal vein of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) mice (1 hour after reperfusion, 3 hours after MCAo probe insertion), and also used to treat LPS-stimulated microglial BV-2 cells (1, 2, $5{\mu}g/mL$). Markers of inflammation were monitored. Results: NO declined statistically significantly in BVP treated MCAo mice compared to the untreated MCAo group (p < 0.05). Compared to the MCAo group, the BVP-treated MCAo group showed a decreased production volume of malondialdehyde, but an increased glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Compared to the untreated MCAo group, the BVP treated MCAo group showed a statistically significant decline in TNF and $IL-1{\beta}$ levels (p < 0.05). BVP inhibited the levels of p65, p50, $p-I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, and levels of p-ERK1/2, p-JNK2, p-P38 declined. Conclusion: BVP is effective at dampening the inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro and may supplement rt-PA treatment.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 2011

In this study, we examined antimicrobial activity of the bee venom isolated from honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) against fish pathogenic bacteria, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio ichthyoenteri and Streptococcus iniae of cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olvaceus. The bee venom exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against the both Gram-negative bacteria, E. tarda and V. ichthyoenteri and Gram-positive bacteria, S. iniae. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimun bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the bee venom were 17.6 ${\mu}g$/ml 34.6 ${\mu}g$/ml against E. tarda., and 1.76 ${\mu}g$/ml, 6.8 ${\mu}g$/ml against V. ichthyoenteri, respectively. MIC and MBC of the bee venom were 3.49 ${\mu}g$/ml, 11 ${\mu}g$/ml, respectively against S. iniae. The postantibiotic effect (PAE) of the bee venom was 5 hr, 6 hr, and 7 hr against E. tarda, V ichthyoenteri, and S. iniae, respectively. In addition, its antimicrobial activity was stable under various pH conditions. According to these results, the bee venom showed the excellent antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogenic bacteria.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.144-148
• /
• 2021

This study aimed to analyze the content and composition of a biological amine, cadaverine, isolated from the venom of worker honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). This biological amine―which has diverse functionality, such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects―has not been previously reported in bee venom. An assay completed in 13 minutes was developed for the cadaverine present in the bee venom using an ultra-performance liquid chromatograph and a Halo C18 column with acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase. The specificity, accuracy, and precision of the assay were verified, and the assay was validated. The linearity for cadaverine in the bee venom was R2=0.99 or above, indicating a moderate level. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were both 0.3 ㎍/ml, and the rate of recovery was 97.6%-99.1%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the intra-day precision and inter-day precision for cadaverine was 0.25%-0.44% and 0.25%-1.25%, respectively, with an RSD that fell within 5% indicating excellent precision. Through this novel assay, it was found that the mean content of cadaverine was 1.10±0.05 mg/g. Our results indicated that the linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and rate of recovery of the cadaverine assay were of a satisfactory level, and the cadaverine content of the bee venom was ably determined. This study provides basic data on cadaverine in bee venom, which will prove useful in further studies on the bioactivity of this component.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.50-62
• /
• 2003

Objective: Bee Venom(BV) has been used for various kinds of inflammatory or painful conditions in Oriental Medicine clinics, and there publishes reports on its therapeutic effects and the probable mechanism of those therapeutic effects, where CDs and cytokines plays important role. This study investigated the influences of bee venom on the expressions of CDs and cytokines of HMC cell line Methods: In this study we analysed the expression profile of HMC cell line treated with BV of 10-2ug/ml in relation to that of HMC cell line treated with vehicle by way of CD/cytokine microarray hybridization with 342 genes on it. Results: There were no upregulated genes by more than 3 fold, while there showed some downregulated genes by less than 1/3 fold as follows: colony stimulating factor 2, CD122, IL-7, CD112, TNF-alpha, CD138, CD166, TGFbetaR2, CD42b, CD62L, CD111, interleukin 10 receptor alpha, colony stimulating factor 1(macrophage), CD38 antigen(p45), CD121a, CD33 antigen(gp67), colony stimulating factor 1 receptor, B cell linker protein (SLP65) mRNA, CD94, alanyl(membrane) aminopeptidase, immunoglobulin(CD79A) binding protein 1, CD205, CD241, CD207, CDw121b, integrin alpha L(CD11a), integrin beta 1(CD29), CD91, CD42b. Conclusions: Bee venom treatment induced downregulation of some CDs or cytokines including $TNF-{\alpha}$. IL-1R with its possible implication in an antiinflammatory action of BV. Further research on expression profile changes induced by BV treatment is expected.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.173-180
• /
• 2016

Objectives : To treat the progression of fibroproliferative disease that affects the flexion contracture of the fingers for patients with Dupuytren's contracture, the purpose of this study is to report a case of a patient with Dupuytren's contracture after complex Korean medical treatment. Methods : A patient was treated with acupuncture, moxibustion and bee venom pharmacopuncture on their left palmar aponeurosis. Six rounds of acupuncture and moxibustion were administered from November 30, 2015 through to January 2, 2016. Three rounds of bee venom pharmacopuncture was administered from December 14, 2015 through to January 2, 2016. The degree of flexion contracture and the Tubiana's stage were measured to evaluate the clinical improvement. Results : After 30 treatment sessions the flexion contracture degrees of the 4th finger's metacarpophalangeal joint and proximal interphalangeal joint improved as much as $25^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, respectively. And the flexion contracture degrees of the 5th finger's metacarpophalangeal joint, proximal interphalangeal joint and distal interphalangeal joint improved as much as $15^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, respectively. The Tubiana's stage of each finger decreased from 4 to 3. Conclusion : This study suggests that acupuncture, moxibustion and bee venom pharmacopuncture could be effective for patients with Dupuytren's contracture.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the current trends in research on pharmacopuncture in Korea since 2007. Methods: A literature review was performed by using the search engines 'Science and Technology Society Village', 'Korean Studies Information Service System', 'National Discovery for Science Leaders', and 'Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System' in Korea from January 2007 to December 2013. Searched key words were 'pharmacopuncture', 'herbal acupuncture', 'aqua-acupuncture', and 'bee venom'. Finally, we selected 457 papers, including Korean experimental studies and clinical studies. Selected papers were classified according to year of publication, type of pharmacopuncture, disease & topic, research type and the publishing journal. Results: One hundred fifty pharmacopunctures were studied in 457 papers. Single compound pharmacopuncture was the most studied pharmacopuncture in experimental studies while animal-based pharmacopuncture was the most studied pharmacopuncture in clinical studies. Bee venom placed first among the various pharmacopunctures, followed by placenta, sweet bee venom, mountain-ginseng, and anti-inflammatory pharmacopunctures. Experimental research on pharmacopuncture has fallen since 2007 when 55 papers were published. However, clinical research has been increasing steadily. In clinical studies, case reports were numerous than randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Musculoskeletal diseases were the most frequently-treated diseases in studies on pharmacopuncture; among the musculoskeletal diseases, rheumatoid arthritis was the most frequently-treated disease in experimental studies and low back pain was the most frequently-treated condition in clinical studies. Since 2007, 45 different journals have published studies on pharmacopuncture, with the Journal of the Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine Society having the largest number of papers on pharmacopuncture and the Journal of Pharmacopuncture the second largest number. Conclusion: The trends in research on pharmacopuncture published in studies from 2007 to 2013 were similar to those in studies published before 2006. Many studies on pharmacopuncture focused on bee venom and musculoskeletal diseases. Additional studies on diverse types of and indications for pharmacopuncture are needed.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 2003

We experienced a patient(53-year-old female) with knee joint effusion, pain and stiffness who had not responded to steroid injection therapy, significantly improved by bee venom acupuncture in clinical symptom. And for a opinion that prohibited bee venom acupuncture on DM because of increasing serum glucose level by increasing serum cortisol level, we also experienced that serum glucose level of DM patient stabilized by bee Venom acupuncture treatments, so we report this case with literature review of articles.