• 한국의류학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.77-87
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• 1991

The purpose of this study were to investigate the bed climate and the physiological responses in sleep on the traditional Korean floor heating system called Ondol. Ondol has been the most widely used heating system in Korea, yet there has been a no systematic studies examined its environmental effects on human body. Experimental room was constructed to match the typical thermal environment of Ondol. (floor surface temperature; $32\~33^{\circ}C$, air temperature; $22.5{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$, relative humidity; $64.0{\pm}4.0\%$RH, air velocity; 0.25 m/sec.) Three different combinations of bedclothes were chosen for the experiment based on the study results showing that they were the most widely used types in Korea. Type 1 was the combination of a cotton-padded mattress with a cotton-padded Korean style blanket. Type 2 was a cotton-padded mattress with a cotton-guilted Korean style blanket. Type 3 was a cotton-padded matless with a polyacryl blanket. Thermal resistance of each of these combina-tions in the bedclothes was measured using thermal manikin. Two adult female was chosen for the seven hour sleeping experiment which was known to be the average sleeping hours of Korean adult female. The bed climate was measured with the temperature under the mattress, the surface temper-ature of the mattress, and the air temperature and the relative humidity of the space between the mattress and blanket. The skin temperature, rectal temperature of the subjects and the bed climate were measured eight times, one hour before the experiment and every hour during the experiment. The weight loss and the subjective sensation were measured for the each subjects before and after the experiment. The procedure was repeated twice with two subjects and three types of bedclothes, yielding twelve combinations of results. The results were as follows; 1. With the surface temperature of $32\~33^{\circ}C$ of Ondol, air temperature was $22.5{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ with $64.0{\pm}4.0\%$ RH. The bed climates were $39.2{\pm}40.8^{\circ}C$ under the mattress, $35.3\~36.2^{\circ}C$ on the mattress, and $26.9\~32.0^{\circ}C$ with $56.0\~71.3\%$ RH between the mattress and the blanket. 2. Mean skim temperature during sleep was 34.2"C with local skin temperature of $34.0\~35.5^{\circ}C$. The skin temperatures of abdomen, thigh, foot were higher than the other parts of the body. 3. The skin temperature of chest, thigh, leg and back varied significantly according to the combinations of bedclothes. With the cotton-padded blanket, the skin temperature was the highest, while with the cotton-guilted blanket showed lowest. 4. Examining the relationship between the mean skin temperature and the local skin temper-ature, the chest temperature showed the highest correlation with the former. Therefore, the chest temperature can be recommended to represent the skin temperature in measuring the bed climate. 5. The subjective bed climates were $39.0\~40.4^{\circ}C$ under the mattress, $35.2\~35.9^{\circ}C$ on the mattress, $29.8\~31.6^{\circ}C$ with $56.8\~68.4\%$ RH between the mattress and blanket. In sum, from this experiment we not only obtained the reliable value of bed climates on Ondol, but also showed that the bed climates and the physiological responses were affected differently according to the materials of bed clothes.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1261-1267
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• 2014

철도노선은 도로노선과 달리 운행비용, 특히 에너지비용이 전체 생애주기 비용에서 차지하는 비중이 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 경부고속철도의 사례를 중심으로 철도 노반건설비와 에너지비용의 상대적 비중을 분석하였다. 이는 최근 활발하게 연구가 이루어지고 있는 전산화된 철도선형 최적화가 단순히 건설비 최소화만을 목적으로 할 수 없으며, 에너지 비용을 포함한 전반적인 생애주기 비용의 최소화를 목표로 하여야 함을 의미한다. 경부고속철도 운행실적이 아직 10년에 불과하기 때문에 향후 20년간의 운영 시나리오를 다양하게 설정하여 분석한 결과, 에너지비용이 건설비용의 10~30% 수준으로 나타났으며, 이는 일반적으로 알려진 비중보다 낮은 수치이다. 철도 선형 최적화를 위한 방법론 정립에 있어 에너지 비용을 고려할 경우, 그 상대적 비중을 고려할 수 있는 방안을 제시한데 본 연구의 의미가 있을 것이다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.94-98
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• 1982

일복내에서의 인삼의 생육실태를 파악하기 위하여 3~5년근의 경 및 엽의 건물중, 엽면적과 동지수(LAI), 비엽중(SLW) 등의 수직분포 및 조도의 변화를 재식위치별로 조사하였다. 1. 3년근에서 조도는 지상 10cm 정도에서 가장 낮았고 후행일수록 낮았다. 2. 3년근 엽면적은 상의 가운데 $\frac{1}[3}$부분이 넓었고 비엽중은 수광량이 많은 곳일수록 높았으나 엽면적 지수는 행별로 큰 차이가 없었다. 3. 4년근에서는 3년근보다 광환경이 악화되었고 엽면적 및 동지수는 행별 차이가 현저했다. 4. 5년근에서는 통로부분의 엽량이 많아진 것 외에는 대체적인 경향이 4년근과 비슷하였다. 5. 경엽의 건물중은 고년근일수록 현저히 증대되었고 잎의 건물중은 보다 상층에 분포하였다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.88-91
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• 2006

가평에서 낮은 생산성을 보이는 저온성 품종과 고온성 품종의 균사상태 및 골목 표면에 형성된 해균에 대한 조사를 시도했다. 순수배지에서의 균사생장력을 조사한 결과, 저온성 균주는 분리균에 비해 보존균의 생장력이 1.1% 정도 떨어지는 것으로 나타났으며, 고온성 균주는 분리균의 생장력이 보존균의 생장력에 비해 8.0% 정도 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 톱밥배지에서의 균사생장력을 조사한 결과, 고온성 분리균은 보존균에 비해 10.8%정도 생장력이 떨어졌으며, 저온성 분리균은 보존균에 비해 25.1% 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 중량감소율 조사결과, 고온성 분리균은 보존균에 비해 20.1% 정도 중량감소율이 낮았으며, 저온성 분리균도 보존균에 비해 19.0%정도 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 무처리에 비해서는 고온성 보존균이 107.0%, 고온성 분리균이 49.5%, 저온성 보존균이 85.4%,저온성 분리균이 50.0% 더 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 대치배양한 결과, 고온성 분리균과 저온성 분리균 모두 각각의 해당 보존균들과 동일한 균주임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 골목에서 검은혹버섯(Hypoxylon truncatum), 구름버섯(Coriolus versicolor), 기와층버섯(Inonotus xeranticus), 삼색도장버섯(Daedaleopsis tricolor), 이중껍질버섯(Graphostroma platystoma), 점균류(Myxomycetes) 2종, 푸른 곰팡이(Trichoderma sp.), Hypoxylon fragiforme, Hypoxylon howeianum, Nitschkia confertula 등 총 11종의 해균이 발견되었으며, 골목들의 상태는 좋지 않았다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2013

Press machine has advantages over other manufacturing machine which can produce large quantities of products in short time so it is widely used in lots of industrial sectors. To obtain the vehicle's weight lightening and rigidity of the body-frame by applying 'Hot stamping' technique is increasing in the automotive field. In this paper, to improve the irregular vibration arose by 800Ton hot stamping press, the research was continued. Bed, slide and main frame are the key part of working precision, so perform structural analysis was conducted, and based on the analyzing results, structural changes were done on the parts where structural deformation occurred.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to confirm the effect of the type of dissolution media and paddle speed on nifedipine (ND) release profile from osmotic granule and the storage stability. Osmotic granule was manufactured by fluidized bed coating method. At each coating step, morphology of osmotic granule was differed. The size of osmotic granule was $750\;{\mu}m$ at 3 wt% membrane thickness. ND release was changed in diverse dissolution media, paddle speed. ND release is governed by not only osmotic pressure but diffusion from osmotic granule. ND release from osmotic granule decreased as storage period increased. These may be caused by liquid excipient which has low molecular weight. Storage stability of osmotic granule could be improved by removing liquid excipient from semipermeable membrane.

• 공업화학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.451-463
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• 1992

유동층 반응기에서 함티탄자철광의 염소화 반응에 의해 함티탄자철광중의 철분만을 선택적으로 분리할 수 있는 염소화 조건과 아울러 rutile 대용품의 제조 가능성을 조사하였다. 염소화 반응의 적정조건은 반응온도 $950^{\circ}C$, 반응시간 2시간, 함티탄자철광에 대한 환원제 petroleum coke의 무게비 0.12 그리고 염소가스의 유속은 5cm/sec이었다. 이 반응조건하에서 얻어진 반응잔사는 $TiO_2$함량 70%이며 X-선 회전분석 결과 rutile로 확인되는 rutile 대용품이었다.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1711-1716
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• 2019

Background: Previous researchers have investigated the mechanical and neurophysiological effects of manual mobilization, however little research has been done on muscle tone and muscle stiffness. Objective: To compare the effects of posterior-anterior (PA) mobilization with weight bearing on sling and conventional PA mobilization on the bed. Design: Randomized controlled trial (single blind) Methods: The subjects were 16 male university students and randomized to sling mobilization group (SMG, n=8) or conventional mobilization group (CMG, n=8). SMG received PA mobilization using a sling and CMG received traditional mobilization on the bed during lumbar mobilization. Results: Both left and right muscle tones of SMG increased, but left muscle tone of SMG were increased and right muscle tone was decreased after intervention. In addition, both left and right muscle stiffness of SMG were also increased, however left muscle stiffness of SMG was increased and right muscle stiffness was decreased. The muscle tone and muscle stiffness of SMG were higher than those of DMG, especially the right side was statistically significantly higher. Extension of SMG, extension and flexion of CMG were increased statistically significantly except for Flexion of SMG (p<.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in Extension and Flexion. Conclusions: This study suggests that lumbar spine PA mobilization using sling is beneficial in improving muscle tone, muscle stiffness, and trunk movement.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.735-742
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• 2019

This study investigated a suitable method that could be applied for Asian chain fern [Woodwardia japonica (L. f.) Sm.] to propagate gametophytes and promote sporophyte formation. The gametophytes used in all experiments were obtained from germinated spores in vitro and were subcultured at 8-week intervals. The most appropriate media for gametophyte propagation was identified by culturing 300 mg of gametophyte in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium (1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2), and Knop medium for 8 weeks. As a result, fresh weight of the gametophyte was increased by 56.7-fold on MS medium. Moreover, antheridium formation as well as gametophyte growth was improved on MS medium, especially. To improve the sporophyte formation ex vitro, 1.0 g of gametophyte was ground with distilled water and spread on eight combinations onto four different culture mediums, such as bed soil, peat moss, perlite and decomposed granite. Then generation and growth of sporophytes were investigated after cultivation for 10 weeks. As a result of this experiment, peat moss had a promotive effect of sporophyte formation at single-use and mixed culture soils. In particular, a mixture of bed soil, peat moss and perlite in a 1:1:1 ratio (v/v/v) led to the accelerated formation (782.5 ea/pot) and the frond growth of sporophytes. This included increases in length and width of fronds. However, promotive effect of gametophyte growth and sporophyte formation was not found at single-use and treatment with high ratio of bed soil.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2000

본 연구는 Pb으로 오염된 토양을 Biofilter에 의한 적용가능성을 판단하고 충전물질, bed수 그리고 미생물 접종에 따른 Pb의 이동억제효과의 변화를 Pilot plants의 실험을 하였으며 토양의 분해정도를 CODcr/TOC ratio로써 안정화 지표에 대한 변화를 검토하였다. 생물여과는 오염된 물질을 생물여과상를 통과시켜 충전물질표면에 부착되어있는 생물막의 각종미생물들에 의한 경계면을 통하여 물질의 상호교환 및 전환이 생기며 생물막내에 흡수된 물질을 생물학적으로 처리하는 방법의 일종이다. 본 연구는 오염된 토양에 lead nitrate를 첨가시켜 납을 1,000㎎/kg dry soil로 인공적으로 조제한후 충전물질로는 퇴비, 바이오세라믹 그리고 퇴비와 바이오세라믹을 중량비로 7:3으로 하였고, 1단, 2단, 3단으로 하고 이에따라 생물흡착제로 'Aspergillus niger'를 이용하며 납의 이동억제효과의 변화를 검토하였다.