• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.205-216
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• 2000

The purpose of study examined of historical changes of western men's nightclothes from middle ages to the modern ages and analyzed functions and features of men's nightclothes. This study presented meaning and importance of men's nightclothes. The method of study researched the many literatures and internet sources. Until medieval age, men slept naked or in a day-shirt. In the 16th century, a nightshirt was worn in bed. A night-cap was usual, in rather more elaborate form, also worn by day in the house, and even outdoors. In the 17th century, nightshirt was elabrated with ruffles and lace. The nightshirts of 18th century, resembled the day-shirt except that it was slightly longer and fuller in cut. The turn of 19th century, men weared nightshirt with a high folding collar, one button and night-cap of jellybag shape. In the early 19th century, nightshirt had a plain turned-down collar, buttoned at the neck. A night-cap with colored tassel was usual. The middle of 19th century, a nightgown was reaching to the ankle. Pyjamas, in the 1890s, were steadily replacing the nightshirt, before long pyjamas had become generally accepted in place of the nightshirt. A pyjamas which preseverved his male dignity by giving him trousers. Man's ingenuity also modified his nigntclothes so that these took on sexual characteristic. In 20th century, the fabrics had become lighter in weight, and the choice of materials wider. By 1930s, nightclothes had become the man's most colorful garment.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2010

The integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is one of the most promising proposed processes for advanced electric power generation that is likely to replace conventional coal combustion. This emerging technology will not only improve considerably the thermal efficiency but also reduce or eliminate the environmentally adverse effects normally associated with coal combustion. The IGCC process gasifies coal under reducing conditions with essentially all the sulfur existing in the form of hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) in the product fuel gas. The need to remove $H_2S$ from coal derived fuel gases is a significant concern which stems from stringent government regulations and also, from a technical point of view and a need to protect turbines from corrosion. The waste seashells were used for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from a hot gas stream. The sulphidation of waste seashells with $H_2S$ was studied in a thermogravimetric analyzer at temperature between $600^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$. The desulfurization performance of the waste seashell sorbents was experimentally tested in a fixed bed reactor system. Sulfidation experiments performed under reaction conditions similar to those at the exit of a coal gasifier showed that preparation procedure and technique, the type and the amount of seashell, and the size of the seashell affects the $H_2S$ removal capacity of the sorbents. The pore structure of fresh and sulfided seashell sorbents was analyzed using mercury porosimetry, nitrogen adsorption, and scanning electronmicroscopy.

• CELLMED
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.23.1-23.7
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• 2012

The healing properties of medicinal maggots (larval stage of Lucilia sericata) are widely used in the chirurgical debridement of non-healing wounds including diabetic foot ulcers, venous and pressure ulcers, where classical approaches have failed. Several kinds of wounds are prone to complications coming out of a specific wound bed environment. There are multi-resistant bacterial species present, their pathogenic impact is multiplied by their ability to form a biofilm. Moreover, immunological events in chronic wounds differ from those in acute wounds. Non-healing wounds are cycled in the early inflammation phase with increased levels of inflammation attributes like inflammation cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases produced by inflammation phase cells. Application of larval therapy promotes progress in the healing process to the next stages involving tissue granulation and re-epithelisation. Larval debridement is an effective method of cleaning the wound of cell debris, necrotic tissue and bacterial load. This happens in a mechanical and biological manner, but the whole complex mechanism of the maggot healing activity is still not fully elucidated. Centuries of clinical practice brings noticeable proof of the maggots' beneficial effect in wound healing management. This long history led to the investigation of the bioactive components of the larval body and its extracts in vitro. We introduce a review which describes the immunomodulation impact of maggot body components on the cellular and molecular levels of the wound healing process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1203-1214
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• 2009

The theory of household arts and practical acts are two traditional mainstream topics of official South Korean secondary home economics education. The clothing and textile education within the Secondary School Home Economics Textbook (1948) is various and practical. The first year textbook discusses the symbolism and maintenance of uniforms that provides information on the characteristics of cotton. Clothing and textiles are covered in 26 pages out of the 76 page book. The second year textbook includes the theory of color and form, along with the characteristics of flax and silk. Clothing and textile education is covered in 33 pages out of the 97 second year textbook. The third year textbook deals with the characteristics of wool, manufactured fibers, cross weaving, removing stains, clothing arrangements, and equipment; 5 chapters (56 pages out of 137) are spent on clothing and textiles. The fourth year textbook introduces the history of clothing, laundry principles, dyeing, bedclothes, and bed accessories; 4 chapters (63 pages out of 125 pages) are spent on clothing and textiles. The Secondary School Home Economics Textbook (1948) is highly extensive and profound in depth. It is comparable with modern college or specialized high school level clothing and textile education in terms of clothing materials, clothing maintenance, color theories, and dyeing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.681-685
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• 2004

A media-feeding (or media-transport) system is a key component in daily consumer systems such as printers, copiers and ATM's. The role of the media-transport system is to feed a medium, which is usually in the form of a thin film, to the main process in a uniform and repeatable manner. Even small slippage between the media and the feeding rollers could significantly degrade the performance of the entire system. The slippage between the medium and the feeding rollers is determined by many parameters which include the friction coefficient between the feeding rollers and the medium material, the angular velocity of the feeding rollers, and the normal force applied by feeding rollers on the medium. This paper investigates the effect of the normal force and the angular velocity of feeding rollers on the slippage of the medium. Authors have constructed a test bed for experiments, which consists of a feeding module and various measuring devices. Using regular paper as media being fed, the authors experimentally measured the slippage of the medium under various normal forces and angular velocities of driving feeding roller. Also the authors developed a novel two-dimensional simulation model for the media-transport system. The paper medium is modeled as a set of multiple rigid bodies interconnected by revolute joints and rotational springs and dampers. Simulations were executed using a multi-body dynamic analysis tool called RecurDy $n^{ⓡ}$. The slippage obtained by the simulation is compared to experimental results.ults.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 1996

It is expected that the soil hehaviours in the seahed subjected to cyclic wave loads are much different from that on the ground Cyclic shear stresses developed below the ocean bed as a result of a passing wave train may progressively build up pore pressure in certain soils. Such build-up pore pressure may be developed dynamic behaviour such as liquefaction and significant deformation of the seabed. Currently available analytical and testing methods for the seabed subjected to cyclic wave loads are not general. The purpose of the study are to provide a test method in laboratory and to analyse the mechanism of wave-induced stresses and liquefactions potentials of the unsaturated silty marine sand. It is showed that the test set-up made especially for this study delivers exactly oscillatory wave pressures of the form of sine function. Laboratory test results defining the cyclic shear strength of the unsaturated porous medium that is homogenously sedimented. It is understood that the pore water pressure due to induced-waves is not accumulated as the wave number increases but reveals periodical change on the still water surface. The magnitude of the pore water pressure tends to be attenuated radically with a certain time lag under the action of both high and low waves as depth increases.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2016

Waste oyster shells create several serious problems; however, only some parts of them are being utilized currently. The ideal solution would be to convert the waste shells into a product that is both environmentally beneficial and economically viable. An experimental study is carried out to investigate the recycling possibilities for oyster shell waste. Bulk ceramic bodies are produced from the oyster shell powder in three sequential processes. First, the shell powder is calcined to form calcium oxide CaO, which is then slaked by a slaking reaction with water to produce calcium hydroxide $Ca(OH)_2$. Then, calcium hydroxide powder is formed by uniaxial pressing. Finally, the calcium hydroxide compact is reconverted to calcium carbonate via a carbonation reaction with carbon dioxide released from the shell powder bed during firing at $550^{\circ}C$. The bulk body obtained from waste oyster shells could be utilized as a marine structural porous material.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.179-205
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• 2005

This study reveals that the user industry has a limited role in being a source of technological capability in the case of the machine tool industry in Korea where the user industry is relatively more advanced than other capital goods industries. This study examines the sources of technological capability in terms of migration of workforces and flow of product development knowledge. Although the capital goods sector is generally regarded as being the sector where user-producer interaction is important, the user industry is not the seed-bed of technological capability for machine development. Users and producers interact in terms of expressing 'needs', mainly in the form of specifications. As a result of receiving unique specifications from users, the producer learns to react by making specific customised special purpose machines. The user's specification could include information o the imported machine originally used. When confronted with technical problems in developing a new machine, the producer accesses foreign sources of knowledge. This study's finding reveals that users of special purpose machines have a significantly clearer role in providing specifications than do users of general purpose machine tools. Most intensive interactive learning between users and producers in the production process is found in special purpose machine tools. From the empirical findings, policy implications are discussed.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.3-10
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• 2013

This study aims to identify convenient surrounding of the hospital room to be improved by specifically focusing on light environment and to examine a change of inflow of the daylight in the hospital room by using blind and light shelf device as base data of preliminary research for comprehending the relationship between healing environment and natural day light. Simulation analysis on previous facilities and the installation of horizontal light shelf that derives the inflow of day light has been specifically referred by using ECOTECT2011 program. In case of C-facility that mostly adjoined to exterior spaces, it was shown to be closer to a proper uniformity factor when an angle was controlled on the light shelf with blind installed at the same time. However, it was not overall appropriate because of visual displeasure occurred from inflow of much day light. In conclusion, it is the form of flat surface such as H-facility that provides an effect after installing the device to derive day light. Especially, it was shown that interior day light environment was improved when installing blind and controlling the angle at the same time.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

This study was conducted to solve the problem of public grievance owing to odor of a pig farm. Odor emissions from pig production systems mainly originate from liquid manure storage and solid manure fermentation. The low-cost odor abatement system (OAS) for application at liquid manure storage tank and solid manure fermentation facilities was developed in this study. The OAS adapted odor removing principles of a biofilter and biotrickling filter. The OAS is very simplified in structure. The appearance of the OAS had a form of cylindrical or cubical shape. The system performance was monitored for about one year after stabilization. A 7 seconds empty bed contact time for the OAS was adapted to achieve the odor reduction levels. The commercial type of OAS was constructed with media comprised of wood chips. Moisture content always remained above 50% wet basis. Average ammonia removal efficiency for the developed design was 89% at the liquid manure storage tank. Also, the removal efficiency at a solid manure fermentation facility was 86% on ammonia.