• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2018

Suitability of aluminium-based water treatment sludge (WTS), a waste product from water treatment facilities, was assessed for removal of heavy metals from an electroplating wastewater which had high concentrations of copper and chromium along with other heavy metals. Batch tests with simulated wastewater in single- and multi-metal solutions indicated the influence of initial pH and WTS dose on removal of six metals namely Cu(II), Co(II), Cr(VI), Hg(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II). In general, removal of cationic metals such as Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) increased with increase in pH while that of anionic Cr(VI) showed a reduction with increased pH values. Tests with multi-metal solution showed that the influence of competition was more pronounced at lower WTS dosages. Column test with diluted (100 times) real electroplating wastewater showed complete removal of copper up to 100 bed volumes while chromium removal ranged between 78-92%. Other metals which were present in lower concentrations were also effectively removed. Mass balance for copper and chromium showed that the WTS media had Cu(II) and Cr(VI) sorption capacities of about 1.7 and 3.5 mg/g of dried sludge, respectively. The study thus indicates that WTS has the potential to be used as a filtration/adsorption medium for removal of metals from metal-bearing wastewaters.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.494-503
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• 2013

In this study, $CO_2$ adsorbent was produced for minimizing energy loss due to ventilation within the building. For improved selectivity about low concentration of $CO_2$ in multiple-use facilities, the ball type adsorbent was modified from a commercial zeolite, alumina, alkali metals and activated carbon with mixing LiOH, binder, and $H_2O$. We measured specific surface area, pore characteristic, and crystal structure of the modified adsorbent. Effects of alkalization on the absorptive properties of the adsorbents were investigated. Continuous column tests (2,000 ppm) and batch chamber tests ($4m^3$, 5,000ppm) showed that the modified adsorbent indicated about the selectivity of $CO_2$ more than 9.7% (0.613 mmol/g) compared with ordinary adsorbents and $CO_2$ removal efficiency of 88.8% within l hour, respectively. It was estimated that the modified adsorbent was applicable to indoor environments.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.206-209
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• 2001

This study presents the leaching characterization of heavy metals according to changes of pH by ANC test on slag produced in electric arc furnace, bottom ash produced in coal-fired plants and their recycling products. Availability test was performed to assess the fraction of the total concentration that under worst environmental conditions could become available for leaching. TCLP, KLT(Korea Leaching Test) and KLTS(Korea Leaching Test of Soil contamination) were carried out to compare the leaching capacity and to estimate the adequacy of regulatory leaching test. Results from regulatory leaching tests could be misleading because the variable ANC of wastes can lead to very different final leachate pHs. The final pH of the regulatory test is not the ambient pH in the disposal environment, the actual solubilities of contaminants in the field may be entirely different from those predicted by these regulatory tests. Leaching behaviour of by-products was changed by recycling processes, therefore acid neutralization capacity and availability of new products, not leaching concentration by one batch regulatory test, are necessary to determine the method of recycling.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.451-459
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• 2012

At the Korea Land and Housing Corporation(LH), concretes with high design strength of 50 MPa and 80 MPa that are composed only of ordinary Portland cement, blast furnace slag, and fly ash are developed. To determine whether the developed high strength concretes have the same properties when they are produced in batch plant(B/P) condition in the ready mixed concrete plant, and as existing high strength concretes, field tests are performed and material properties are evaluated. To investigate the material properties of the high strength concretes before and after pumping, compressive strength, flowability, air content, hydration temperature, pumping and compactability are evaluated. In field tests, before and after pumping, flowability satisfied the relevant criteria. In terms of air content, while it was slightly decreased after pumping, it satisfied the requirements. Hydration temperature criteria were satisfied, and compactability was excellent as well. The study found that the developed ternary high strength concretes have the same properties as existing high strength concretes. They can also be useful for the construction of high-rise buildings, as they are economical.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2003

혼합되어 배출되는 플라스틱을 분리 및 선별하기 위한 기존의 방법들은 플라스틱 비중의 유사성, 입도의 제한 등의 요인으로 인해 단일재질의 플라스틱으로 분리하는데 많은 어려움이 따른다. 본 연구에서는 플라스틱의 재질별 연화온도와 점착 특성이 다른 점에 착안하여 열 점착 방식을 이용하여 혼합 플라스틱을 분리하는 방식을 개발하고자 하였다. 일상생활에서 사용되는 범용수지를 시료로 이용, batch 방식의 실험장치를 제작하여 온도를 변화시키면서 각 플라스틱의 점착 온도 범위, 점착율을 실험적으로 조사하였다. 또한 접촉시간과 플라스틱의 착색제의 유무, 입자 크기 등 다양한 조건들을 변화시키면서 그에 따른 영향을 조사하였으며 이를 실제 혼합 폐 플라스틱에 적용하여 분리효율을 조사하였다. 실험 결과 혼합 플라스틱에서 비중이 유사한 LDPE와 HDPE, PET와 PVC, 그리고 PP와 PVC 등을 온도의 변화에 의해 선택적으로 분리할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.824-830
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• 2006

Several tests were conducted to optimize the design parameters of ln-situ soil flushing processes for diesel contaminated soil. According to the batch extraction test for three anionic surfactants evaluation, Calgonit limiting bubble occurrence was selected for its higher oil cleaning efficiency. After optimum surfactant selection, there were many sets of column flushing test. Over 70% of BTEX was removed in this surfactant dose with 400% of soil volume. In the case of no surfactant addition flushing in column, so called "blank flushing test", BTEX removal rate was 64%. But when we reused the effluent for the cleaning solution, the removal rate was decreased to 46.9%. This result showed reabsorption of oil occurred on the soil. With the addition of Calgonit solution to the diesel contaminated column, BTEX was removed up to 98.9% during the first flushing and 99.4% for the second recirculation flushing. In microcosm tests, diesel contaminated soils were cleaned by both surfactant flushing and biological activities. In anoxic condition, nitrate was used as an electron acceptor while the surfactant and the oil were used an electron donor. BTEX removal efficiency could be achieved up to 80% by biological degradation.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.394-401
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• 2014

In order to minimize a building energy consumption with ventilation, a development of smart ventilation system is very important. In this study, a dry adsorbent that is main element of smart ventilation system was developed for removing indoor $CO_2$, and evaluate the adsorption performance. Specific surface area, pore characteristic and crystal structure of the modified sorbent was measured to analyze physical properties. From this analysis, it was found that the developed absorbent has a low specific surface area, due to mesopores of substrate was filled with metal contained raw material. Additionally, through analysis of the adsorption properties, the developed adsorbent was shown a adsorption form of mesopore (type IV), which means adsorption amount was rapidly increased at the part of high-pressure. Order to applying for the field, chamber test was performed. Continuous column tests (2,500 ppm) and batch chamber tests ($4m^3$, 5,000 ppm) showed $CO_2$ removal efficiency of 95% and 88% within 1 hour, respectively.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.170-177
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• 2019

Continuous solid circulation test at high temperature and high pressure conditions and batch type reduction-oxidation tests were performed to check feasibility of a 0.5 MWth chemical looping combustion system. Pressure drop profiles were maintained stable during continuous solid circulation up to 16 hours. Therefore, we could conclude that the solid circulation between an air reactor and a fuel reactor could be smooth and stable. The measured fuel conversion and $CO_2$ selectivity were high enough even at high capacity and even after cyclic tests. Therefore, we could expect high reactivity of oxygen carrier at real operation condition.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.465-473
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• 2011

To find the optimum mixing ratio of WGS catalyst with $CO_2$ absorbent for SEWGS process, water gas shift reaction tests were carried out in a fluidized bed reactor using commercial WGS catalyst and sand (as a substitute for $CO_2$ absorbent). WGS catalyst content, gas velocity, and steam/CO ratio were considered as experimental variables. CO conversion increased as the catalyst content increased during water gas shift reaction. Variations of the CO conversion with the catalyst content were small at low gas velocity. However, those variations increased at higher gas velocity. Within experimental range of this study, the optimum operating condition(steam/CO ratio=3, gas velocity = 0.03 m/s, catalyst content=10 wt.%) to get high CO conversion and $CO_2$ capture efficiency was confirmed. Moreover, long time water gas shift reaction tests up to 20 hours were carried out for two cases (catalyst content = 10 and 20 wt.%) and we could conclude that the WGS reactivity at those conditions was maintained up to 20 hours.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.589-601
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• 2010

최근 들어 지질기원에 의해 발생되는 지하수내 비소오염이 많이 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 지하수내 비소를 효과적으로 제거하거 위하여 철침착 입상활성탄(Fe-GAC)을 제조하고 이에 대한 흡착능을 평가하였다. Fe-GAC는 질산 염철 용액으로 입상활성탄에 철화합물을 침착시켜 제조하였으며, 이를 이용하여 침착반응시간에 따른 등온흡착, pH에 따른 비소 동력학 흡착반응 및 수처리시스템 예비평가를 위한 칼럼 실험을 수행하였다. 연구결과 침착반응 시간이 최소 12시간 이상에서 비소 제거에 필요한 철의 함량을 가진 Fe-GAC가 제조되었으며, 이들의 흡착능은 등온흡착실험에서도 확인되었다. 입상활성탄에 침착된 철화합물은 XRD 분석결과 대부분 질산염수산화철($Fe_4(OH)_{11}NO_3{\cdot}2H_20$)이었으나 일부 소량의 적철석($Fe_2O_3$)도 관찰되었다. 등온흡착실험은 Langmuir가 Freundlich 모델보다 더 적합하였으며, 모델링 결과 얻어진 Freundlich 분배계수($K_F$) 및 Langmuir 최대 흡착량($Q_m$)은 입상활성탄에 침착된 철 함량과 로그-로그 양의 상관관계를 보여주었다. 동력학 흡착실험 결과 pH 11을 제외한 모든 조건 (pH 4-9)에서 Fe-GAC는 비소에 대해 뛰어난 흡착능을 나타내었으며, 따라서 일반적인 지하수의 pH가 6-8 사이임을 고려하면 Fe-GAC는 비소를 흡착에 매우 효과적인 흡착제로 이용될 것이다. 동력학 모델링 결과 Fe-GAC와 비소의 흡착은 화학적 흡착(chemisorption) 과정을 나타내는 pseudo-second order 모델이 가장 적합하였다. 비소 수처리시스템에 대한 예비 평가를 위하여 칼럼실험을 수행한 결과, 지연계수 482.4이고 분배계수 581.1 L/mg으로 이는 12-24시간 침착반응에서 제조된 Fe-GAC의 Freundlich 등온흡착 모델의 분배계수(511.5-592.5 L/mg)와 유사한 값을 나타내었다. 이러한 연구결과는 향후 지하수를 활용하는 마을상수도 수처리시스템에서 Fe-GAC가 지하수의 비소를 제거하는 뛰어난 흡여재로 사용될 수 있음을 나타내는 것이다.