• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.825-831
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 저압.저산소환경의 노출을 시켜 30분간의 유산소성 자전거운동이 호흡기계 반응 및 면역기능의 응답에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 그 결과 몇 가지 지견을 도출해낼 수 있었다. 첫째로 75 $%HR_{max}$ 강도에서 30분간의 유산소성 운동 중에 저산소성 환기억제 또는 저하(hypoxic ventilatory depression or decline)라고 하는 현상은 평지뿐만이 아니라 3,000 m 고도에서도 나타나고 있고, 둘째 호흡기계의 반응은 축구선들이 특히 고소에서 적응과 감수성이 우수하다고 할 수 있으며, 셋째 면역기능의 항목인 단구(monocyte)는 운동습관의 유무 및 3,000 m의 고도에 따라 서로 다른 양상(상호작용)으로 변화를 하고 있다고 할 수 있다.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2008

Background : Anti-reflux procedures treat gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease. It is known that gastroesophageal reflux is likelyrelated to the increased incidence of chronic rejection in lung transplantation recipients. Because experimental animal studies areto verify this, we have tried to make an animal model of GER in a rat. Material and Methods : Using the SD rats weighing 250-300 g, we surgically induced gastroesophageal reflux and measured the gastrostomy time under anesthesia. Of three groups, Group I was the control, Group II had lower esophageal and anterior myotomy, and Group III had lower esophageal and anterior myotomy plusdiaphragmatic crural myotomy.The animals were scarified, and lung biopsies and histological examinations were performed 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 3 months after gastroesophageal reflux surgery. Results : Baseline animals (n=5) had no GER after charcoal instillation through a gastrostomy tube in Group I. Charcoal-laden macrophages were observed in GroupsII and III. To determine evidence of GER evidence, charcoal was instillated through the gastrostomy tube in group III. In contrast, Group II demonstrated severe neurophil infiltration in the bronchioles and alveolar walls after procedure. After 12 weeks, we observed the disappearance of neurophil, lymphocyte and histiocyte infiltration, and also occasional focal bronchopneumonia and bronchitis. Group III demonstrated neurophil and basophil infiltration in the bronchioles and alveolar walls which was more severe than that in Group II. Interstitial fibrotic changes were observed in Group III.Conclusion : The purpose of our gastroesophageal reflux model was to find evidence of aspiration. There was more evidence of aspiration in Group II than in either of theother two groups.

• 생약학회지
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• 제35권1호통권136호
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• pp.6-15
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• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate the hemopoietic effects of 6 species of deer antlers from origins and parts in vitro. CD34 positive cells were isolated and confirmed the its population by FACS analysis. In a week liquid culture, there was any statistical significance between extracts of three parts of six species of deer antlers in the experiments as colony forming assay, proliferation assay, differentiation assay and observation of morphology. However, after 2 weeks- culture with extracts of three parts of six species of deer antlers, colonies were counted. six species of deer antlers, such as middle part of Korean nippon deer, upper part of Chinese nippon deer, upper part of Newzealand horse deer, middle part of Korea horse deer and middle part of Newzealand red deer, significantly increased the CFU-GM (colony forming unit garnulocyte-macrophage) of CD34 positive cells re1atεd to production of leucocytes such as eosinophil, basophil and neutrophil, while only middle part of Korea horse deer significantly increased the BFU-E (burst forming unit-erythroid) at 1 mg/ml seggesting progenting red blood cells (RBC). In the molecular study with CD34+ cells pretreated with cyclophosphamide, antagonist of hemopoietic activity, upper Part of Korean nippon deer and upper part of Chinese nippon deer effectively increased TPO involved in a late pathway of hematopoiesis just like in ELISA assay of IL-3, TPO and GM-CSF. Taken together, these results indicate exσacts of deer antler had some hemopoietic activity still proposing more clinical study and more basic mechanism research.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1839-1848
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the comparative effects of dietary functional nutrients including glutamine (Gln), chromium picolinate (Cr picolinate), vitamin C (Vit C), betaine (Bet), and taurine (Tau) on growth performance, meat quality, immune responses, and stress biomarkers in broiler chickens raised under heat stress conditions. Methods: A total of 420 21-d-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens (initial body weight = 866±61.9 g) were randomly allotted to 1 of 7 treatment groups with 6 replicates. One group was kept under thermoneutral conditions and was fed a basal diet (PC, positive control). Other 6 groups were exposed to a cyclic heat stress condition. One of the 6 groups was fed the basal diet (NC, negative control), whereas 5 other groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Gln, 500 ppb Cr picolinate, 250 mg/kg Vit C, 0.2% Bet, or 1.0% Tau. The diets and water were provided ad libitum for 21 d. Results: Broiler chickens in NC group had decreased (p<0.05) growth performance and immune responses measured based on cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH), but increased (p<0.05) stress responses measured based on feather corticosterone concentrations and blood heterophil:lymphocyte than those in PC group. However, none of dietary functional nutrients had a positive effect on growth performance of broiler chickens. Dietary supplementation of 250 mg/kg Vit C improved (p<0.05) CBH responses of broiler chickens, but other functional nutrients had no such an improvement in CBH responses. All functional nutrients decreased (p<0.05) stress responses of broiler chickens. Conclusion: Functional nutrients including Gln, Cr picolinate, Vit C, Bet, and Tau at the supplemental levels used in this study decrease stress responses of broiler chickens to a relatively similar extent. However, this reduction in stress responses could not fully ameliorate decreased productive performance of broiler chickens raised under the current heat stress conditions.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.147-152
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• 1975

Although considerable research has been done on the blood picture of the horse, hot-blooded and cold-blooded, little work has been made of the blood picture of the army pack horse, Jeju horse. The object of the present investigation was to make good this deficiency, and to suggest standard for the blood picture of army pack horses kept under the regular military training and the ideal feeding in the heart of a mountain. Blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein through a 15-gauge bleeding needle from 41 males and 28 females, aging 3 to 9 years old. It was taken between seven and nine o'clock in the morning. Animals were handled as quietly as possible to avoid any excitation. No restraint other than a halter was used. Enumeration of erythrocyte, total and differential leukocyte count, determination of hemoglobin in blood, and the value of packed cell volume were male in the usual manner, and erythrocytic constant was calculated by the method of Wintrobe. Erythrocyte count was $7.83{\pm}0.20(4.95{\sim}11.05){\times}10^6/mm^3$(SE). This value was much lower than hot-horses, but slightly higer than the values of cold-horse reported from foreign country. Concentration of hemoglobin in blood was $13.0{\pm}0.33(9.5{\sim}17.8)g/100ml$. This value was much higher than that of cold-horses observed by the other authors, approaching to the values of hot-horses. Packed cell volume was $32.1{\pm}0.92(22{\sim}42)ml/100ml$. This vague was a little higher than that of the other cold-horses. Mean corpuscular volume was $41.5{\pm}1.20(26.6{\sim}59.3){\mu}m^3$. This value matched so well with the other results recorded by various investigators. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were $16.9{\pm}0.43(12.3{\sim}25)$ pg and $41.0{\pm}0.45(29.1{\sim}51.1)g/100ml$, respectively. These values were significantly higher than the values found by the other investigations. Total leukocyte enumeration was $10.5{\pm}0.41(5.6{\sim}17.9){\times}10^3/mm^3$, being considered as normal. And differential leukocyte count of neutrophil was $44.5{\pm}2.23(15{\sim}76)%$, $5,527{\pm}234(2,231{\sim}9,144)/mm^3$, of lymphocyte $50.5{\pm}1.19(19{\sim}77)%$, $4,307{\pm}125(1,456{\sim}11,098)/mm^3$, of monocytel (0~4)%, $105(0{\sim}352)/mm^3$, of eosiophil 3.2(0~14)%, $340(0{\sim}1,232)/mm^3$ and of basophil 0.25(0~3)%, $23(0{\sim}236)/mm^3$. The percentage of the differential count obtained from the present work showed a good agreement with the results of various authors. Of the horses examined monocyte was found from 42 horses, eosinophil from 62 horses and basophil from 10 horses. No significant differences recognized between male and female horses, and the effect of age was not observed between three to nine years old. Judging from the blood picture of the present investigation, it could be stated that the army pack horses on training were kept better than the average farming conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.684-692
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• 2001

To find out the effect of oxytocin on somatic cell count and milk production, 12 primiparous and multiparous Murrah buffaloes were selected, immediately after the parturition, from the Institute's buffalo herd. These were divided into two groups of 6 each. Buffaloes of group I did not receive oxytocin injection (control); whereas, buffaloes of group II were administered oxytocin during early lactation (av. 42.50 days). The oxytocin injection was given in doses of 2.5 IU i.m. before the start of milking, to let down the milk, for a period of 5 days. Samples of milk from individual buffaloes were collected for 5 days before (Period I), during (Period II) and after (Period III) from both the group of buffaloes. Milk samples of A. M. and P. M. milking were composited in proposition to milk yields for analysis of milk constituents. Normal values of somatic cell counts in group I of buffaloes varied from 0.54 to $0.75{\times}10^{5}cells/ml$. Mean cytoplasmic particles and epithelial cells varied from 3.68 to $7.19{\times}10^{5}cells/ml$ and 0.13 to $0.54{\times}10^{5}cells/ml$. On percentage basis the epithelial and the total leucocyte count were 60 and 40. Total leucocyte count, in the study varied from 0.17 to $0.69{\times}10^{5}cells/ml$. The differential cell count of milk indicated presence of lymphocytes (16.50 to $61.16{\times}1000$), neutrophil (0.00 to $2.00{\times}1000$) and monocyte (0.00 to $18.16{\times}1000$). Somatic cell count (p<0.01) and epithelial cells (p<0.05) varied between buffaloes and between periods of study. Total leucocyte counts of milk were also significantly varied between periods (p<0.05). The change in fat, lactose, chloride, EC and NEFA concentrations during different periods of study, were highly significant, indicated diurnal variations in different buffaloes during different days of experiment. Administration of oxytocin resulted in increase in somatic cell counts of milk (p<0.01) due to the increases in total leucocyte count (p<0.01) during the treatment period. The differential cell count indicated that oxytocin administration increased lymphocyte number significantly (p<0.01). However, secretion of neutrophil, monocyte and cytoplasmic particles were not affected by oxytocin. Eosinophil and basophil cell, though present in few samples, remain unaffected by oxytocin administration. There was no effect of oxytocin on milk production, composition, pH, EC and NEFA concentration.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.83-99
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• 2020

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with frequent relapses. This study was to investigate the effects of Gammakdaejo-tang(GMD) in DNCB induced atopic dermatitis mice. Methods : The study was divided into five comparion groups. 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB) solution was applied to Nc/Nga mice to induce atopic dermatitis, followed by normal group, negative control group with distilled water, positive control group with Dexamethasione and GMD 200mg/kg or 400mg/kg. The control group was orally administered 200㎕ once daily for 4 weeks. Visual skin condition, Immunoglobulin E, Histamine, Cytokine, Immune cells, Tissue biomarkers were observed. Results : As a result of the dermatitis score evaluation, it was confirmed that the GMD-administered group improved symptoms compared to the negative control group. As a result of measuring IgE, the GMD-administered group significantly decreased compared to the negative control group. As a result of measuring Histamine, GMD group except 200mg/kg of GMD significantly decreased compared to negative control group. As a result of measuring cytokine, GMD 200mg/kg significantly reduced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α compared to the negative control. 400mg/kg significantly reduced IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and significantly increased IL-2, IFNγ. As a result of confirming the immune cells, all experimental groups showed no difference in basophil, GMD group significantly reduced monocyte and eosinophil compared to negative control group, and GMD 400mg/kg group significantly reduced white blood cell and neutrophil. And significantly increased lymphocytes. As a result of measuring the gene expression level, all GMD group significantly increased TGF-β1 compared with the negative control group, and filaggrin, VEGF and EGF were significantly increased in GMD 400mg/kg group. Epidermis, dermis thickness, and eosinophil infiltration were found to be decreased in all GMD groups compared with the negative control group. Conclusions : GMD is effective in atopic dermatitis by reducing imbalance of immune response of T cells (Th1 / Th2) and reducing skin tissue damage and inflammatory response.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.243-254
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• 1994

Inflammatory diseases, allergic and asthmatic disorders are caused by the mediator release from the activation of the phospholipase C (PLC), phospholipase D (PLD), methyltransferase or adenylate cyclase etc. during IgG or IgE cross-linking of high affinity receptors on mast cells or basophil surface. One important enzyme activated after IgG or IgE receptor cross-linking is PLD, the enzyme which converts phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidic acid (PA). Under the hypothesis that these may be some differences in mediator release according to the difference in PLD activity, we attempted to confirm the ginseng saponin effects on the PLD activity. We examined the PLD activity during the passively sensitized mast cell activation in the presence of single component of ginsenosides $(Rc,\;Rg_1,\;Rg_2,\;Rg_3)$. We also measured the amount of mediators (histamine and leukotrienes) released by stimulating with ovalbumin (OA) or calcium ionophore (CaI), Guinea Pig lung mast cells were purified using enzyme digestion, count current elutriation, and discontinuous Percoll density gradient. In purified mast cells prelabeled with $[^3H]$ arachidonic acid or $[^3H]$ palmitic acid, PLD activity was assessed more directly by the production of labeled PEt by PLD-mediated transphosphatidylation in the presence of ethanol. Histanine release was determined by Spectrophotofluorometry, and leukotrienes by radioimmunoassay. The PLD activity during the passively sensitized mast cell activation is increased up to $3{\sim}5times$. The PLD activity during the passively sensitized mast cell activation in the presence of all ginsenosides is decreased up to $4{\sim}11$ times. $Rg_l\;and\;Rg_2$ ginsenoside pretreatment decreased histamine and leukotrienes by 50% in the OA-induced or by 40% in the Cal-induced mast cell after passively sensitization. Rc pretreatment poorly decreased histamine but leukotrienes decreased by 70% in the OA-induced or by 35% in the Cal-induced mast cell. $Rg_3$ ginsenoside pretreatment increased histamine release without challenging OA or Cal but leukotrienes decreased. These observations indicate that single unit of ginsenosldes may be an important contributor to inhibit the release of histamine and leukotrienes in the guinea pig lung mast cells, that inhibits the PLD-mediated formation of DAG evoked by mast cell activation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2018

본 연구는 발효 쌀보리 급여가 돼지의 생산성, 혈구조성, 혈중 대사물질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 공시동물은 총 45두의 3원 교잡 육성돈(요크셔${\times}$랜드레이스${\times}$듀록; 평균체중, $30.33{\pm}0.05kg$)을 이용하였고 사료 내 발효 쌀보리(Fermented hulless barley, FHB)는 0, 0.5, 1.0% 수준으로 첨가하였으며 처리구당 3반복, 반복당 5두씩 시험돈사에 임의로 배치하였다. 일당증체량은 0.5% FHB 처리구에서 0 및 1.0% FHB 처리구에 비해 증가하였으나 통계적 차이는 없었다. 일당사료섭취량 및 사료요구율은 처리구간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 총백혈구, 호중구, 림프구, 단핵구, 호산구 및 호염구를 비롯한 백혈구계 혈액세포 조성은 발효 쌀보리에 영향을 받지 않았다. 혈중 글루코오스는 대조구에서 0.5, 1.0% FHB 처리구보다 증가하였다. 알부민은 1.0% FHB 처리구에서 0.5% FHB 처리구에 비해 감소하였다. 그러나, 단백질, 지방, 에너지 및 광물질과 관련된 나머지 대사적 지표들은 발효 쌀보리 급여에 의한 영향이 관찰되지 않았다. 사양시험기간동안 시험동물에서 환축 또는 폐사가 관찰되지 않아 돼지의 건강관리측면에서는 효과를 나타낸 것으로 보인다. 그러므로 발효 쌀보리가 축산물 안전성에 미치는 영향을 구명하는 추가 연구를 통해 안전 축산물 생산 가능성을 제고하는 것이 필요할 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.194-201
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• 2017

본 연구는 자동혈구분석기 Hemavet 950FS를 이용한 돼지 혈액 내 혈구분석의 유효성을 검증하고, 정확한 분석을 위한 유효시간을 결정하기 위하여 실시하였다. 분석시료는 체중 60 kg (${\pm}3.5$)의 Duroc 종 34두로부터 채취하였으며, 이들 중에서 분석치가 정상범위를 벗어나거나 용혈이 발견된 시료는 연구에서 제외하고 최종적으로 10개의 시료를 본 연구에 이용하였다. 임의의 하나의 시료에 대해 10회 연속분석을 통하여 일내변동을 조사한 결과, leukocytes계 혈구들 중에서 백혈구, 호중구, 림프구에서는 낮은 일내변동으로 분석의 유효성이 인정되었으나, 단핵구, 호산구, 호염구에 있어서는 큰 변동을 나타내었다. 이와 반면에 erythrocytes 및 thrombocytes계 혈구들의 모든 지표들은 안정적인 일내변동이 관찰되었다. 채혈 후 시간 경과에 따른 혈구변화를 분석한 결과 leukocytes계 혈구 및 thrombocytes계 혈구는 시간경과에 따라 검출농도가 유의적으로 감소되는 것으로 관찰되었다. 반면, erythrocytes계 혈구들은 채혈 후 120시간까지는 안정적으로 분석이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합하면, Hemavet 950FS는 돼지의 혈액 내에서 단핵구, 호산구, 호염구를 제외하고 일반 혈구분석에 유용한 것으로 판단된다. 또한, leukocytes 및 thrombocytes계 혈구들에 대한 정확한 분석을 위해서는 채혈 후 4시간 이내에 분석이 이루어져야하며, erythrocytes계 혈구들은 채혈 후 120시간까지는 안정적으로 검출이 가능한 것으로 사료된다.