• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.559-566
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• 2006

In the real system application, the interacting multiple model (IMM) based algorithm requires less computing resources as well as a good performance with respect to the various target maneuverings. And it further requires an easy design procedure in terms of its structures and parameters. To solve these problems, a fuzzy interacting multiple model (FIMM) algorithm, which is based on the basis sub-models defined by considering the maneuvering property and the time-varying mode transition probabilities designed by using the mode probabilities as inputs of a fuzzy decision maker, is proposed. To verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, airborne target tracking is performed. Simulation results show that the FIMM algorithm solves all problems in the real system application of the IMM based algorithm.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.615-625
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• 2018

In this paper, we discuss the connection between the 5-dimensional complex Lie algebra ${\mathcal{K}} _5$ and Special functions. We construct certain two variable models of the irreducible representations of ${\mathcal{K}}_5$. We also use an Euler type integral transformation to obtain the new transformed models, in which the basis function appears as $_2F_1$. Further, we utilize these models to get some generating functions and recurrence relations.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.33-48
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• 2024

This paper presents the detailed experimental and analytical investigation on the evolution of static (E_s) and dynamic modulus of elasticity (E_d) of concrete having 0%, 35%, and 50% FA used as partial cement replacement. Destructive and non-destructive tests were conducted on cylindrical specimens to evaluate the compressive strength and MoE of concrete in compression at the age of 28, 56, 90, and 150 days for all mixes. Experimental results show that the concrete having 35% FA achieved compressive strength and MoE similar to plain concrete at the age of 90 days, while 50% FA concrete attained satisfactory compressive strength and MoE at the age of 150 days. The comprehensive statistical analysis has been carried out in two ways on the basis of the experimental results. Firstly, the 28-day crushing strength of plain concrete in compression was used to design the models for the prediction of E_s and E_d of fly ash concrete at any age and percentage replacement of FA. Secondly, using the values of UPV and RHN, models have been developed to predict the age or time-dependent E_s and E_d of fly ash concrete. These models will be helpful in assessing the E_s and E_d of fly ash concrete without knowing the 28-day crushing strength of plain concrete in compression in the laboratory. Hence, the suggested models in the present study will be beneficial in conducting the health assessment of fly ash based concrete structures.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.307-316
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• 2007

In real system application, the interacting multiple model (IMM) based algorithm operates with the following problems: it requires less computing resources as well as a good performance with respect to the various target maneuvering, it requires a robust performance with respect to the time-varying measurement noise, and further, it requires an easy design procedure in terms of its structures and parameters. To solve these problems, an adaptive fuzzy interacting multiple model (AFIMM) algorithm, which is based on the basis sub-models defined by considering the maneuvering property and the time-varying mode transition probabilities designed by using the mode probabilities as the inputs of the fuzzy decision maker whose widths are adjusted, is proposed. To verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, a radar target tracking is performed. Simulation results show that the proposed AFIMM algorithm solves all problems in the real system application of the IMM based algorithm.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.100005.1-100005.15
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• 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with a complex genetic basis, presenting both in familial and sporadic forms. The hexanucleotide (G₄C₂) repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene, which triggers distinct pathogenic mechanisms, has been identified as a major contributor to familial and sporadic Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases. Animal models have proven pivotal in understanding these mechanisms; however, discrepancies between models due to variable transgene sequence, expression levels, and toxicity profiles complicate the translation of findings. Herein, we provide a systematic comparison of 7 publicly available Drosophila transgenes modeling the G₄C₂ expansion under uniform conditions, evaluating variations in their toxicity profiles. Further, we tested 3 previously characterized disease-modifying drugs in selected lines to uncover discrepancies among the tested strains. Our study not only deepens our understanding of the C9orf72 G₄C₂ mutations but also presents a framework for comparing constructs with minute structural differences. This work may be used to inform experimental designs to better model disease mechanisms and help guide the development of targeted interventions for neurodegenerative diseases, thus bridging the gap between model-based research and therapeutic application.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.651-656
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• 2009

The formation of ${\beta}$-amyloid peptide ($A{\beta}$) is initiated from cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by a family of protease, ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-, and ${\gamma}$-secretase. Sub W, a substrate peptide, consists of 10 amino acids, which are adjacent to the ${\beta}$-cleavage site of wild-type APP, and Sub M is Swedish mutant with double mutations on the left side of the ${\beta}$-cleavage site of APP. Sub W is a normal product of the metabolism of APP in the secretary pathway. Sub M is known to increase the efficiency of ${\beta}$-secretase activity, resulting in a more specific binding model compared to Sub W. Three-dimensional structures of Sub W and Sub M were studied by CD and NMR spectroscopy in water solution. On the basis of these structures, interaction models of ${\beta}$-secretase and substrate peptides were determined by molecular dynamics simulation. Four hydrogen bonds and one water-mediated interaction were formed in the docking models. In particular, the hydrogen bonding network of Sub M-BACE formed spread over the broad region of the active site of ${\beta}$-secretase (P5-P3'), and the side chain of P2- Asn formed a hydrogen bond specifically with the side chain of Arg235. These are more favorable to the cleavage of Sub M by ${\beta}$-secretase than Sub W. The two substrate peptides showed different tendency to bind to ${\beta}$-secretase and this information may useful for drug development to treat and prevent Alzheimer's disease.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 ICEIC The International Conference on Electronics Informations and Communications
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• pp.137-142
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a new scheme for geometry coding of three-dimensional (3-D) mesh models using a fixed spectral basis. In order to code the mesh geometry information, we generate a fixed spectral basis using the dual graph derived from the 3-D mesh topology. After we partition a 3-D mesh model into several independent sub-meshes to reduce coding complexity, the mesh geometry information is projected onto the generated orthonormal bases which are the eigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix of the 3-D mesh. Finally, spectral coefficients are coded by a quantizer and a variable length coder. The proposed scheme can not only overcome difficulty of generating a fixed spectral basis, but also reduce coding complexity. Moreover, we can provide an efficient multi-resolution representation of 3-D meshes.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.855-861
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• 2007

실제 시스템 적용에 있어서, IMM에 기초한 위치 추적 알고리즘은 불확실한 표적 기동에 대해서 강인한 성능, 적은 연산량, 간편한 설계 절차를 필요로 한다. 이 문제들을 해결하기 위해서 잘 정의된 기저 부모델 및 잘 조정된 모델 천이 확률에 기초한 적응 퍼지 IMM 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 제안된 알고리즘이 IMM에 기초한 알고리즘의 실제 적용에서 존재하는 문제점들을 효과적으로 해결할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.219-223
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• 2007

The ionic conductivity of $Li_2O-ZrO_2-SiO_2$ glasses has been designed and analyzed on the basis of a mixture design experiment with constraints. Fitted models for the activation energy and the ionic conductivity are as follows: $Q(kJ/moi)=54.8565x_1+144.825x_2+133.846x_3-170.908x_1x_3-334.338x_2x_3$ $log{\sigma}(300K)=-5.00245x_1-1.17876x_2-15.5173x_3+17.4522x_1x_3$. The electrical properties are very sensitive to the ratio of $Li_2O/SiO_2$. The effect of $ZrO_2$ is less than that of this ratio but $ZrO_2$ component attributes to the reduction of the activation energy. The optimal composition for best ionic conduction based on these fitted models is $55Li_2O{\cdot}10ZrO_2{\cdot}35SiO_2$. Its activation energy and ionic conductivity at 300 K are 46.98 kJ/mol and $1.08{\times}10^{-5}{\Omega}^{-1}{\cdot}cm^{-1}$, respectively.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to classify the energy efficiency of 131 tractor models tested during from 2006 to 2010 in Korea. Methods: Four sub-indexes were developed using the fuel consumptions at 60% and 90% of rated speed with partial loads and at pull speeds of 3.0 km/h and 7.5 km/h with maximum drawbar pull. Weighting factors of the sub-indexes were also considered to reflect the characteristics of tractor's actual working hours in Korea. Four sub-indexes were integrated into a classification index. Using the developed classification index, a five-classification system was made on the basis of normal distribution of tractors over the classification range. Percentage of $1^{st}$ grade interval was expected to be close to 15%, $2^{nd}$ grade 20%, $3^{rd}$ grade 30%, $4^{th}$ grade 20%, $5^{th}$ grade 15%. Results: Number of $1^{st}$ grade was 21, $2^{nd}$ grade 23, $3^{rd}$ grade 39, $4^{th}$ grade 33, $5^{th}$ grade 15 among 131 models. Conclusions: Classification index was developed by integrating four sub-indexes. By the classification method using developed index, distribution of classified tractors was acceptable for practical application.