• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.775-782
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the basic unit of irrigation water on golf courses in Jeju Island. The amounts of rainwater and groundwater used on 20 golf courses have been monitored for this study. The characteristics of rainwater and groundwater from the selected 20 golf courses were analyzed based on the existing data that had been collected for three consecutive years from 2006 to 2009. The range of monthly irrigation water (groundwater + rainwater) used was about $13,200\sim55,600\;m^3$/month, with average of $36,600\;m^3$/month. In the respects of the amount of annual water used, groundwater was recorded as $163,500\;m^3$/year, and rainwater was recorded as $275,400\;m^3$/year. Thus, the total annual irrigation water used was approximately $439,000\;m^3$/year. The correlation (R2) between golf course lot size and average amount of monthly irrigation water used was 0.65, and the monthly basic unit per golf course area ($1,000\;m^2$) was calculated as $60\;m^3$.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 1998

동영상 부호화에서 블록 정합 움직임 추정 기법은 움직임 추정 기법으로 가장 많이 쓰이고 있는 방법이다. 이 논문에서는 블록 정합 움직임 추정 기법의 하나로 최근에 제안된 공간적 상관 관계와 계층적 탐색방법을 이용한 고속 움직임 추정 알고리즘의 구현에 적합한 VLSI 구조를 제안한다. 제안된 구조는 systolic array에 바탕을 둔 탐색 기본 단위와 두 개의 shift register array등으로 이루어지며 수평/수직 -32~+31 화소 크기의 탐색을 수행한다. 이 때 탐색 기본 단위는 반복하여 사용하게 함으로써 게이트 수를 최소화하였다. 탐색 기본 단위의 구조로는 전역 탐색을 수행할 수 있는 기존의 여러 가지 systolic array 들이 사용 가능하며, 그 선택에 따라 칩의 크기와 속도 사이의 절충이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 PE(processing element)의 개수를 줄여 전체적인 칩 사이즈를 줄이는데 중점을 두고 탐색 기본 단위의 구조를 결정하였다. 제안된 구조를 이용하면 $352{\times}288$ 크기의 영상, 탐색 영역 수평/수직 -32~+31 화소에 대해서 클럭 주파수가 35MHz일 때 최대 30Hz까지 실시간 처리를 할 수 있는 움직임 추정 칩을 20,000 게이트 이하로 구현할 수 있다. 더 높은 전송률의 입력 영상($720{\times}480$, 30Hz)에 적용할 경우에는 단순히 PE 개수를 늘리 구조를 탐색 기본 단위로 선택함으로써 실시간 구현이 가능하다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2015

도로는 건설 시 많은 건설자재와 장비를 사용하여 시공단계에서의 탄소배출량이 매우 높다. 도로분야에서의 온실가스 감축을 위하여 도로의 전과정에 걸친 탄소배출량 산정 방법에 대한 연구를 수행하여 탄소배출량 산정방법을 정립하였으나, 수집해야 하는 자료 확보와 산정 절차가 복잡해 탄소배출량 산정에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 도로시설 물의 시공단계에서 발생하는 탄소의 정량적 산정을 쉽게 할 수 있도록 탄소배출원단위를 개발하여 제시하고, 이를 활용하여 2012년 기준으로 고속국도 및 일반국도의 탄소배출량을 정량적으로 산정 후 활용방안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

The bacterial compositions between the dental unit water system and human saliva were characterized and compared by direct sequence analysis of 16S rDNA clone libraries. Based on the species richness estimation, bacterial diversity in the dental unit water system (DUW) was more diverse than that of the human saliva (HS). The Chaol estimates of species richness in HS and DUW samples were 12.0 and 72.4, respectively. The total numbers of OTUs observed in the combined libraries accounted for 83% (HS) and 59% (DUW) of the Chaol diversity estimate as defined at the 80% similarity threshold. Based on the sequence analysis, the phylum Proteobacteria was the major group in both clone libraries at phylum level. DUW clone library contained 80.0% Proteobacteria, 8.0% Bacteroides, 4.0% Nitrospira, 4.0% Firmicutes, 2.0% Planctomycetes and 2.0% Acidobacteria. On the other hand, human saliva (HS) clone library contained 55.5% Proteobacteria, 36.1% Firmicutes and 8.4% Bacteroides. The majority of bacteria identified belonged to phylum Proteobacteria in both samples. In dental unit water system (DUW), Alphaproteobacteria was detected as the major group. There was no evidence of the bacterial contamination due to a dental treatment. Most sequences were related to microorganisms derived from biofilm in oligotrophic environments.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop basic data for the design of the housing space for unit that factors in the sentiment of the residents by using aesthetic elements and expression method to search for the ways to design housing space for differentiated unit. The results are as follows: First, aesthetic elements in the aesthetic element in the unit housing space for unit can be classified into basic elements and detailed elements. Second, it is possible to classify into distortion, mixing, superposition and juxtaposition methods. Third, use of the 'material' for 'wall' is recommended when designing differentiated housing space by using basic elements. At this time, expression using the method of 'mixing' is effective for inducing differentiation. In particular, elements that can perceive the difference in time are mixed, to add on slight differentiation. Fourth, 'illumination' and 'material' are used when designing differentiated housing space by using detailed elements. Fifth, preference degree of the expression method is manifested differently depending on the selected elements. Lastly, this study conducted a study on the preference level of the aesthetic elements and expression method targeting the experts alone to differentiate the design of the residential space for unit.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2015

Most video services are transmitted in wireless networks. In a network environment, a packet of video is likely to be lost during transmission. For this reason, numerous error concealment (EC) algorithms have been proposed to combat channel errors. On the other hand, most existing algorithms cannot conceal the whole missing frame effectively. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes a new Adaptive Prediction Unit-based Motion Vector Extrapolation (APMVE) algorithm to restore the entire missing frame encoded by High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). In each missing HEVC frame, it uses the prediction unit (PU) information of the previous frame to adaptively decide the size of a basic unit for error concealment and to provide a more accurate estimation for the motion vector in that basic unit than can be achieved by any other conventional method. The simulation results showed that it is highly effective and significantly outperforms other existing frame recovery methods in terms of both objective and subjective quality.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 1987

Information on the planning of the housing unit for three generation family is required for developing nuclear families and increasing elderly person. This study deal with the life style, it's characteristics and housing needs of the elderly who lived with other two generations. Specifically, this study attempted to find the basic information of the detailed planning and the establishment of criteria of the housing unit for three generation family. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Planning of the housng unit for three generation family, it had to be taken over residency areas for elderly especially for keeping privacy each other. 2. It was necessary the criteria of housing standards for eldery based on their housing characteristics. 3. Considering the psychological characterstics and life style of the elderly, it should be suggest that they could live easily with their next generation in the samecommunity. Also, the public policy should take over the housing unit for three generation family.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.951-963
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• 2015

In this paper, a new symmetric multilevel inverter is proposed. A simple structure for the cascaded multilevel inverter topology is also proposed, which produces a high number of levels with the application of few power electronic devices. The symmetric multilevel inverter can generate 2n+1 levels with a reduced number of power switches. The basic unit is composed of a single and double source unit (SDS-unit). The application of this SDS-unit is for reducing the number of power electronic components like insulated gate bipolar transistors, freewheeling diodes, gate driver circuits, dc voltage sources, and blocked voltages by switches. Various new algorithms are recommended to determine the magnitude of dc sources in a cascaded structure. Furthermore, the proposed topology is optimized for different goals. The proposed cascaded structure is compared with other similar topologies. For verifying the performance of the proposed basic symmetric and cascaded structure, results from a computer-based MATLAB/Simulink simulation and from experimental hardware are also discussed.

• Architectural research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2019

In the spatial configuration of a unit plan, two rules exist: one that governs the arrangement of spaces, and one that controls the design process of generating a unit plan. This study defines space grammar as an integration of the two rules that give birth to a given spatial configuration and as the process of the generation of unit plans. To understand the distinctive features of Indonesian row houses, this study analyzes the unit plans of row houses in new towns of the metropolitan cities of Indonesia, derives a common space grammar from the unit plans, and interprets the sociocultural background that has produced this space grammar. This study employs Seo's (2007a; 2007b) graph-theoretic methodology to analyze the spatial configurations of unit plans along with a topographical approach to systematically illustrate the design process. The guest space was found as the most unique space of Indonesian houses, which cannot be found in other Southeast Asian houses. Kitchen was clearly seperated from the dining and living spaces, following traditional custom. Dining space was found to serve as a circulation center, connecting the entrance, the lving area and the kitchen. This study locates the basic orders of primary space and the design principles that dictate the unique spatial configurations of Indonesian row houses. This study reveals the basic space grammar that underpins the forms of Indonesian row houses, explaining the sociocultural and geo-climatic factors affecting this space grammar and proposing unique characteristics of Indonesian contemporary houses.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2010

The relationship between river-table and five-type individuals with yin-yang's greater and lesser properties from NeiJingaswellasKoreansasangmedicinewasexplored.1.Rivertableisthetheoreticalbasisforthefive-typeconstitutionswithyin-yang'sgreaterandlesserpropertiesandKoreansasangconstitutions:Thecontentoffour-manifestationconstitutionswithyin-yang'greaterandlesserpropertiesinLingShuTongTian,isrelatedtoChangeBook,andcouldbeexplainedandgeneralizedwithriver-table;itissaidthatKoreansasangconstitutionfoundedbyYiJeMaalsostemmedformLingShuTongTian,butitstheoreticalsystemisdifferentfromthatofLingShuTongTian.Thoughthissystemcanbeexplainedandgeneralizedwithriver-table,itsdistributionofinternalorgansisdifferentfromthatofLingShuTongTian.2.Theclinicalmanifestationsoffour-manifestationconstitutionwithyin-yang'slesserandgreaterprpertiesofTCM,includingpersonality,behaviorpatternandliabilitytocertaindiseases,wereexploredandtheregulatingandcultivatingprinciplesbasedonriver-tabletofour-manifestationconstitutionswithyin-yang'sgreaterandlesserpropertiesalsowereestablished:IndividualsofShaoyang(lesseryang)constitutionshouldpayattentiontoliverqi'sascendinganddispersing,andharmonizationofliveryinandliveryanginspring;individualsofTaiyang(greateryang)constitutionshouldemphasizetheclearinganddescendingofheartqiandharmonizationofheartyinandheartyanginsummer;individualsofShaoyin(lesseryin)constitutionshouldattachimportancetodispersing,purifyinganddescendingoflungqiandharmonizationoflungyinandlungyanginautumn;individualsofTaiyin(greateryin)shouldlaystressonthecultivatingofkidneyqi'sascendingandsteaming,andharmonizationofkidneyyinandkidneyyanginwinter.Besides,individualsofthefourtypesmentionedaboveshouldcultivateandregulateqiofspleenandstomach,fortheascending-descendingandharmonizationofstomachqiandspleenqiisthebasisforthenormalorhealthybodyconstitution,andtheroottoremedythetendenciesoffour-manifestationconstitutions.