• Title/Summary/Keyword: basement

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STUDY ON EXPRESSION OF GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN IN ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA (선양낭성암종(Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma)에서의 Glycosaminoglycan의 발현에 관한 연구)

  • Son, Chang-Won;Kim, Kyung-Wook;Kim, Chul-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.271-281
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    • 2004
  • Adenoid cystic carcinoma is malignant tumor in salivary gland, and its behavior is very invasive. Of all malignant tumor adenoid cystic carcinoma is occured in frequency of 4.4% in major salivary gland, and 1.29% in minor salivary gland. Histopathologically, adenoid cystic carcinoma is characterized by a cribriform appearance, and tubular form and solid nest type tumor can be seen. The tumor cell structure composed of modified myoepithelial cell, and basaloid cell. Extracellular matrix of this tumor cell contains variable ground substance with basement membrane component. Basement membrane matrix composed of collagen fibers, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and its function is well known that it participate in differentiation, proliferation, and growth of tumor cell. Basement membrane molecule is essential for invasion of peripheral nerve, blood vessel, skeletal muscle in tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma. In many studies, the tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma containing modified myoepithelial cell participate in synthesis of proteoglycan. In this study, tissue sample of adenoid cystic carcinoma of human salivary gland were obtained from 15 surgical specimen, and all specimen were routinely fixed in 10% formalin and embedded. Serial $4-{\mu}m$ thick sections were cut from paraffin blocks. the histopathologic evaluation was done with light microscopy. And, the immunohistochemical staining, characteristics of glycosaminoglycan were observed. For biochemical analysis of glycosaminoglycan, isolation of crude glycosaminoglycan from tumor tissue and Western bolt analysis were carried out. With transmission electomicroscopy, tumor cell were observed. Biologic behavior of adenoid cystic carcinoma was observed with distribution and expression of basement membrane of glycosaminoglycan in tumor cells, The results obtained were as follows: 1. In immunohistochemical study, chondroitin sulfate is postively stained in tumor cell and interstitial space, dermatan sulfate is weakly stained in ductal cell. But keratan sulfate is negatively stained. 2. In immunohistochemical study, heparan sulfate is strong positive stained in tumor cell and basement membrane, especially in invasion area to peripheral nerve tissue. 3. In transmission electromicroscpic view, the tumor cells are composed modifed myoepithelial cells, and contains many microvilli and rough endoplasmic reticulum. 4. In Western blot analysis, the expression of glycosaminoglycan is expressed mostly in heparan sulfate. From the results obtained in this study, tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma is composed modified myoepithelial cell, and glycosaminoglycan of basement membrane molecule of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate mostly participate in the development and invasiveness of adenoid cystic carcinoma by immunohistochemical study and western blot analysis.

The Effect of Composite Ratio and Wall Thickness on the Shear Behavior of Composite Basement Wall (합성율과 벽체두께가 합성지하벽의 전단거동에 미치는 영향)

  • Seo, Soo-Yeon;Kim, Seong-Soo;Yoon, Yong-Dae
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.93-101
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    • 2010
  • When doing underground excavation works for the purpose of constructing large underground structures for a building in the limited space in downtown area, the stability of the adjacent ground must be top priority, and to accomplish this, it is essential to review the retaining wall construction carefully. H-Pile, which has been mainly used as a stress-carrying material in temporary earth-retaining structures, is most likely to be abandoned after completion of the works for the basement exterior wall in relation to contiguous bored piles, so it will result in a waste of material. To improve this situation, Basement Composite Wall where H-Pile and basement wall are compounded, has been developed. This wall is being used most frequently in many local construction sites. In this study, five specimens are made in order to evaluate the shear resistance of the basement composite wall and tested. Test parameter is the composition ratio and wall thickness according to shear connectors. Test result shows that the shear strength is improved when the composite ratio is increased but the magnitude is not much. A formula, which considers the contribution of concrete, web of H-pile as well as flange' effect in calculation of shear strength of composite basement wall, is suggested and used to calculation of the strength of specimens. It is found that there is a good co-relation between test result and the calculated one by the formula.

Effect of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen on the Synthesis of Basement Membrane Proteins during Proliferation and Differentiation of 3T3-L 1 Cells (죽역이 3T3-L1 세포의 증식 및 분화시 기저영 단백질 합성에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeon Hoon
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.1315-1320
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen (BCL) on the synthesis of basement membrane proteins during proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. BCL has been used to relieve the cough and asthma, and remove phlegm in traditional oriental medicines. In recent years. it was studied for its antiinflammatory, antiallergenic. immune-modulating and anticarcinogenic capabilities. We have previously observed that glycyrrhizin stimulates the adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells. To investigate effects of BCL on the basement membrane proteins during proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, we have analyzed synthetic amounts of basement membrane components such as type IV collagen and BM40. BCL stimulated the synthesis and secretion of type IV collagen from both 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes. The synthesis and secretion of BM40 was not affected by BCL. The continuous addition of BCL markedly stimulated cell growth and increased cell density. These results suggest an important role for type IV collagen in adipocyte differentiation.

Development of Design Charts to Estimate Member Forces on Basement Wall (지하벽체의 최대부재력 산정을 위한 차트의 개발)

  • Kim, Young-Chan;Kim, Ju-Bum
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.104-110
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    • 2012
  • It is a common practice to design basement walls acting as a one-way slab or plate with idealized boundary conditions, resulting in potentially inefficient design. The walls are often supported by buttress columns and side walls in the vertical direction, thereby acting as a two-way slab. In this study, structural behavior of single-story, three-span basement wall subjected to lateral soil pressure was investigated. Three dimensional finite element analyses were conducted to determine the force distribution on the wall. Based on the numerical studies, a regression analysis was carried out to determine the design values of moments in vertical and horizontal directions as well as shear forces on the wall and design charts are developed. The proposed design method with accompanying design charts would enable practicing engineers to estimate member forces on the wall for preliminary design purpose without resorting to finite element analysis. Numerical examples demonstrated the applicability of the proposed method.

Ventilation Performance According to Outdoor and Operating Conditions of the Vertical Exhaust Duct System in High Riser Public Houses (초고층 공동주택의 입상덕트 환기시스템에서 외기조건과 작동조건에 따른 환기성능평가)

  • Kim, Young-Bae;Kim, Jae-Hong;Sung, Jae-Yong;Lee, Myeong-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.139-146
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    • 2011
  • The ventilation performance of a vertical exhaust duct system in the high riser public house has been evaluated by a commercial software, Fluid Flow, which solves pressure losses through the duct system including bathroom fans and a hybrid roof fan. During the numerical simulations, outdoor wind condition and stack effects in summer and winter were considered as well as the operating conditions of a basement damper and the roof fan. The results show that the bathroom ventilation in summer is the most unsatisfactory. The opening of the basement damper has a problem that the polluted air in the lower floors is exhausted to the underground parking lot, not to the rooftop. If the basement damper is closed, the exhaust flow rate in the lower floors is not sufficient due to the strong flow resistance in the long vertical duct even though the roof fan is under operating.

Analysis of Housing Environment in Semi Basement Multi-family Housing Units - Focuses on long-term analyzed measurements of temperature and humidity obtained from the housing units - (다가구 주택 반지하세대의 주거환경 분석 - 장기 온·습도 모니터링 분석을 통한 실측결과를 중심으로 -)

  • Jang, Kun-Young;Ryu, Dong-Woo
    • Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.83-90
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    • 2018
  • This study was conducted to investigate the living environment of semi-basement housing units in multi-household houses. It analyzed measurements of temperature and humidity obtained from the housing units. For this study, temperature and humidity sensors were installed in 10 semi-basement housing units to measure interior temperature and humidity for 13 months. A survey was conducted to get information about the occurrence of dew condensation and mildew and to investigate residents' satisfaction level with the residential environment. According to the result, all the housing units under study had dew condensation and mildew. The average summer temperature of the 10 housing units was $27.84^{\circ}C$, and average humidity was 64.91%RH, while the average winter temperature was $20.6^{\circ}C$, and the average humidity was 40.12%RH. Depending on the condition of each housing unit, deviation was big. Residents' average level of satisfaction with the living condition was 2.03 which shows a low satisfaction (on a scale of 1-5 with 5 being completely satisfied.).

Geoacoustic Velocity of Basement and Tertiary Successions of the Okgye and Bukpyeong Coast, East Sea (동해 옥계, 북평 연안 기반암의 지음향 속도와 제3기 퇴적층)

  • Ryang, Woo-Hun;Kwon, Yi-Kyun;Jin, Jae-Hwa;Kim, Hyun-Tae;Lee, Chi-Won
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.367-373
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    • 2007
  • A geoacoustic modeling has been developed to predict sound transmission through the submarine layers of sediment and rock. It demands a geoacoustic model with the measured, extrapolated, and predicted values of geoacoustic parameters controlling acoustic propagation. In the coastal areas of Okgye and Bukpyeong, the East Sea, the marine succession consists of Quaternary/Tertiary deposits and acoustic basement. The basement of Okgye coastal area is indicative of siliciclastics of the Pyeongan Group in Paleozoic, and the average velocities of P-wave and S-wave are 4276 m/s and 2400 m/s, respectively. The basement of Bukpyeong coastal area is indicative of limestone of the Joseon Supergroup in early Paleozoic, and the average velocities of P-wave and S-wave are 5542 m/s and 2742 m/s, respectively.

A Study of Radon Concentration in First Floor and Basement and Prediction of Annual Exposure Rate in Korea (국내 실내 라돈농도와 연간 피폭선량 예측에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jong-Dae;Kim, Yoon-Shin;Son, Bu-Soon;Kim, Dae-Seon
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.311-317
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate Rn concentration and annual radiation exposure level in the basement and first floor. The Rn Cup monitors were placed in different environments such as shopping stage, office building, Apartment, Hospital, house in Seoul from Match 1996 to April 1997 and CR-39 films were collected every two months. The mean radon concentration in the basement of house($88.6\;Bq/m^3$) showed the highest level among the areas, while radon concentration on the first floor of house($50.5\;Bq/m^3$) showed the higher than other areas. The annual radiation exposure dose that person on the floor / in the basement of differential place in the seoul can be exposed during living was estimated from 24.11 to 87.64 mRem/yr. This radiation dose is significantly lower than 130mRem maximum radiation dosage from the radon nuclide prescribed by the ICRP, with respect to the overall average exposure of the working adult. this study indicated that possible radon sources on the first floor / in the basement areas are radon intrusion from soil gas, construction materials, or ground water leaking. Further study is needed to quantitatively assess major contributions of radon-222 and health effect to radon exposure.

Analysis of Passenger Refuge Model Using EXODUS Refuge Simulator: Case of the Daegu Underground Station Fire (EXODUS 피난시물레이터를 이용한 대구지하역사화재 승객피난모델분석)

  • Lee, Chang-Hyun;Jang, Yong-Jun;Park, Won-Hee;Kim, Dong-Hyeon
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2007.05a
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    • pp.1807-1813
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    • 2007
  • The study aims at analyzing an underground station refuge model using EXODUS, one of the refuge simulation programs. The model for simulation is the Daegu Subway (Joongang-ro station). The details of the accident are referred to as the simulation condition the refuge time of traveling from the $3^{rd}$ basement platform to the $1^{st}$ basement is mainly calculated, with passengers numbering 1,000 including 329 at car 1079, 320 at car 1080, and 360 who are not on board. Reference data is used to set up the position of passengers. CFAST fire simulator is also used, and a fast curve among the $t^2$ growth curves, selected as fire growth scenario. The zone is divided into a total of 24 including 18 at the $3^{rd}$ basement platform and 6 at the $2^{nd}$ basement the $1^{st}$ basement is excluded in the fire simulation, however.

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A Short Seismic Reflection Survey for Delineating the Basement and the Upper Units of the Gomso Bay, Yellow Sea (곰소만 지역의 기반암 및 상부 층서 파악을 위한 시험 탄성파반사법 탐사)

  • Kim Ji-Soo;Ryang Woo-Hun;Han Soo-Hyung;Kim Hak-Soo
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.16 no.2 s.48
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    • pp.161-169
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    • 2006
  • A short seismic reflection survey was performed to map the basement and the upper units in the Gomso Bay. This research was mainly aimed at clarifying the basement by improving the signal-to-noise ratio in data processing steps. The strategies employed in this research included enhancement of the signal interfered with large-amplitude noise, through pre- and post-stack processing such as time-variant filtering, bad trace edit, careful muting after f-k filter and NMO correction. The subsurface structure mapped from this survey mainly consists of the top of basement and the upper three units, which were well correlated to the result from the previously conducted MT survey. Furthermore seismic section clarifies approximately 30m deep subhorizontal event of the top of the basement, which was not shown in the central portion of the MT section due to data qualify.