• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.443-447
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• 2017

Background: The inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) is very effective for preventing pulmonary embolism in patients who cannot undergo anticoagulation therapy. However, if a filter is placed in the body permanently, it may lead to other complications. Methods: A retrospective study was performed of 159 patients who underwent retrievable Cook Celect IVCF implantation between January 2007 and April 2015 at a single center. Baseline characteristics, indications, and complications caused by the filter were investigated. Results: The most common underlying disease of patients receiving the filter was cancer (24.3%). Venous thrombolysis or thrombectomy was the most common indication for IVCF insertion in this study (47.2%). The most common complication was inferior vena cava penetration, the risk of which increased the longer the filter remained in the body (p=0.032, Exp(B)=1.004). Conclusion: If the patient is able to retry anticoagulation therapy and the filter is no longer needed, the filter should be removed, even if a long time has elapsed since implantation. If the filter cannot be removed, it is recommended that follow-up computed tomography be performed regularly to monitor the progress of venous thromboembolisms as well as any filter-related complications.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.499-506
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• 1996

It has been established that hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Recent data showed that the incidence of hypercholesterolemia increase in Korea. n-3 Fatty acids lower serum triglyceride profoundly but the effect on serum cholesterol is not clear. This study was performed to assess the effects of low and moderate supplementation of marine n-3 fatty fish on serum cholesterol in young healthy korean woman. Nineteen subjects were divided into two groups. Each group receive an experimental diet supplemented with either 100g (group I) or 200g mackeral(Scomber japonicus) fish(group II) for 1-week. The diet was designed to avoid in which the amount of n-6 fatty acids would be much greater than that of n-3 fatty acids. MUFA, SFA intakes were similar in the two diets. The ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids was 1 : 1.l for group I, 1 : 2.51 for group II. The average daily n-3 fatty acids consumption from fish was 3.87g/day (1.03g EPA, 2.84g DHA)for group I, 7.74g/day (2.06g EPA, 5.68g DHA) for group II. Blood samples were obtained 2 times before experimental diet, immediately after experimental diet for 1-week. After experimental diet for 1-week, the serum total-cholesterol levels decreased significantly (16.4$\pm$15.1mg/dl, p<0.01) in group II and lowered slightly (13.7$\pm$25.8mg/dl)in group I. There were no significant changes from baseline to the end of the study in serum HDL-cholesteol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-C/T-C ratio, and LDC-C/HDL-C ratio. The results suggest that the moderate levels of marine n-3 fatty fish consumption could improve serum cholesterol in normal subjects, therefore in might be of value in the prevention of atherosclerosis. However the clinical usefulness of moderate n-3 fatty fish consumption of hypercholesterolemic subjects will require further study. Also further studies are required to elucidate the long-term effects of low n-3 fatty fish consumtion.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.134-140
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• 2011

Objectives Postpartum blues is known to be a major risk factor for postpartum depression and can be associated with the problems of language skills, behaviors or learning skills of their children. Therefore, it is very important for clinicians to evaluate precisely and control postpartum blues. Recent studies have found that music has an effect on depressive mood and the frontal EEG asymmetry of the patients with depression. The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of music on the frontal EEG asymmetry of the mothers with postpartum blues. Method Among one hundred and seventy mothers assessed with Korean version of the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), nine mothers with postpartum blues (EPDS ${\geq}$ 10) as postpartum blues group and nine non-depressive mothers (EPDS < 10) as non-depressive mother group were included. Ten non-labored, non-depressive women were also included as a normal control group. The subjects were evaluated with the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)-X1, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Depression Adjective Checklist-Korean version (K-DACL) and EEG twice before and after the music sesssion with the length of twenty minutes and thirty two seconds. The statistical analyses were done for A1 score (log R - log L) which were computed from the alpha powers at F3 and F4. Results No significant difference was noted in demographic data among all three groups. The postpartum blues group had higher scores in the STAI-X1, the VAS and the K-DACL compared to the other groups at baseline, and their A1 scores were lower than those of only normal controls. There was a statistically significant increase of A1 score only in the postpartum blues group after the music session. Conclusion This study suggests that the mothers with postpartum blues may have a frontal EEG asymmetry which is possibly associated with their depressive mood, and the music session can affect the frontal asymmetry positively.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2016

A fire risk assessment in rack-type warehouse is typically determined based on the following factors: 1. flammability and fire loads for storage of goods, packing materials, and pallet, 2. a ceiling height of warehouse indoor spaces, and 3. height, arrangement, and spacing for storage racks. For appropriately extinguishing and protecting the fire in warehouses, therefore, it is necessary to classify combustibles considering the previously mentioned factors and to develop design Standards for sprinkler system. As the first step to apply automatic sprinkler system to domestic warehouses, this study investigated characteristics for commodity distribution and warehouse configuration using 28 warehouses in five distribution complexes located in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. In addition, this study analyzed Standards for commodity distribution adopted in USA, Europe, and Japan. Using the field survey analysis, this study was aimed to provide baseline data to prepare for Commodity Classification Standard for warehouses in South Korea.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.315-322
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to explore customer royalty and the related factors. Methods : 900 households(a 1% sample) were randomly selected from the total population of K city located in Kangwon province. An interview survey was performed with using a structured questionnaire for the subjects(923 persons) who had used medical service during the year before the survey, and the survey was done September, 2002. Results : When comparing the relating factors related with customer royalty according to the sociodemographic characteristics, the older group showed a significantly higher level of recognition for service quality, service reputation, internal customers' attitudes and switching cost. The lower income group showed a higher level of recognition for service quality, service image and switching cost. The lower educated group showed a higher level of recognition for service reputation, service image and internal customers' attitudes. The higher educated group showed a higher level of recognition for perceived risk, and seeking variety. In addition, the expert group or the service and manufacturing workers group showed a higher level of recognition for service involvement. On multiple regression analysis, internal customers' attitudes, service image, service reputation, service quality, switching cost, and substitutability showed significant relations with customer loyalty. Conclusions : This study showed that customer loyalty was significantly influenced by service factors like internal customers' attitudes, service image, service reputation, and service quality, and by market factors like switching cost, and substitutability. The results of this study can be used as a baseline for developing strategies to create and keep customers with high loyalty.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.192-196
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• 2015

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate good prognostic factors for an acute occlusion of a major cerebral artery using mechanical thrombectomy. Methods : Between January 2013 to December 2014, 37 consecutive patients with acute occlusion of a major cerebral artery treated by mechanical thrombectomy with stent retrievers were conducted. We analyzed clinical and angiographic factors retrospectively. The collateral flow and the result of recanalization were sorted by grading systems. Outcome was assessed by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days. We compared the various parameters between good and poor angiographic and clinical results. Results : Twenty seven patients demonstrated good recanalization [Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2b or 3] after thrombectomy. At the 90-day follow up, 19 patients had good (mRS, 0-2), 14 had moderate (3-4) and four had poor outcomes (5-6). The mRS of older patients (${\geq}75years$) were poor than younger patients. Early recanalization, high Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction risk score, and low baseline NIHSS were closely related to 90-day mRS, whereas high TICI was related to both mRS and the decrease in the NIHSS. Conclusion : NIHSS decreased markedly only when recanalization was successful. A good mRS was related to low initial NIHSS, good collateral, and early successful recanalization.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 2012

Objectives: This study evaluated clinical trials of acupuncture treatment for hypertension and to assess their methodology and results. Methods: Eight Korean databases and four international databases were searched for clinical trials of acupuncture treatment for hypertension up to June 2011. Study quality was assessed using the risk of bias (ROB) tool. Results: Twenty-four trials of acupuncture for hypertension were included. There were 14 randomized and 1 non-randomized controlled trials and 9 before-after studies. The most frequently used acupuncture points were zsnli (ST36), qch (LI11), fngch (GB20), snynjio (SP06), snjin (LI03) and hgu (LI04). In more than half of the studies, needle retention time was 20~30 minutes. Compared to baseline, change of blood pressure after treatment was significant in all studies. However, the results of effect on blood pressure between acupuncture and control were not consistent. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to suggest that acupuncture is an effective treatment for hypertension. Further well-designed clinical trials will be required to evaluate the effects and safety of acupuncture treatment for hypertension.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.622-633
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• 2017

The study was conducted to compare the factors affecting smoking quit attempts according to the amounts of smoking in adolescent smoker. The data were derived from the 12th Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey 2016 in Korea and analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistics version 21.0 software package considering complex samples analysis. The subjects were 4,012 adolescents smokers, Of these, 78.4% of the general smoker who smoke less than 10 cigarettes a day and 21.6% of the heavy smoker who smoke more than 10 cigarettes a day. As a logistic regression, vigorous physical activity, depression, smoking initiation time, friends smoking, smoking cessation education, and non-smoking promotion were associated with significantly smoking quit attempts in general smoker, vigorous physical activity, friends smoking, smoking cessation education, and non-smoking promotion were associated with significantly smoking quit attempts in heavy smoker. Based on the results, they were taken a baseline data for developing adapted smoking quit education program which were succeed effectively in adolescent smokers.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2 s.66
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• pp.253-261
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• 2006

Backgrounds : Hyperlipidemia is a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lowering serum cholesterol levels could reduce the risk of CVD. Insamsansa-eum (Renshenshanzha-yin, ISE), composed of Ginseng Radix and Crataegii Fructus, is a new medicine developed to treat hyperlipidemia and CVD. Objectives : In this study, we intended to explore the clinical effects of ISE on patients with hypercholesterolemia, and moreover we also compared its effects according to the pattern identification. Methods : Subjects were administered ISE with the dose of 600 mg three times a day for 4 weeks. Patterns of subjects were identified with diagnostic scoring system for Yin-Yang and the condition of Excess-Deficiency before treatment. Serum lipids were measured at baseline and after 4 weeks of medication. Results : ISE lowered total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), total lipid(TL), phospholipid(PL) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL) significantly. Compared with the data of our previous study, it was less effective than Atorvastatin but showed equal lipids-lowering effect to Chunghyul-dan (Qingxue-dan, CHD). In Yang pattern group, ISE was less effective in lowering TG and LDL than it was in not-Yang-not-Yinpattern group. On safety assessment, there was no adverse effect, hepatic or renal toxicity. Conclusions : We suggest that ISE is a safe and useful herbal medicine for hypercholesterolemia, and moreover it could be more useful when it is used for patients with not Yang pattern.

• CELLMED
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.12.1-12.12
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• 2014

Epinephrine is a critical drug for patients at risk for anaphylaxis. Here, we suggest moxibustion as an alternative method to reduce anaphylaxis. Moxibustion was applied to the Shimen (CV5) acupoint and found to attenuate compound 48/80-induced mortality. Capsazepine, a transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 1 antagonist, significantly improved overall survival rates compared to groups treated with moxibustion or 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (an activator of TRPV1, 2, and 3). Probenecid (a TRPV2 agonist) also increased survival rate and reduced histamine levels. Survival rates increased by moxibustion and probenecid were completely inhibited by ruthenium red (a TRPV2 and 3 antagonist) and gadolinium chloride (general TRPV antagonist), respectively. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and ear swelling were significantly reduced by moxibustion and probenecid (p < 0.05). In cardiomyocytes, TRPV2 was over-expressed by compound 48/80 and histamine but this increased TRPV2 expression decreased to baseline with moxibustion and probenecid treatment. In addition, intracellular calcium levels increased by compound 48/80 were reduced by probenecid. Overall, these findings suggest that the reduction of anaphylaxis caused by moxibustion could represent a new mechanism of moxibustion related to the regulation of TRPV2 activation and promotion of epinephrine secretion.