• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1451-1465
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• 2016

The effectiveness of base isolation (BI) systems for mitigation of seismic vibration of bridges have been extensively studied in the past. It is well established in those studies that the performance of BI system is largely dependent on the characteristics of isolator yield strength. For optimum design of such systems, normally a standard nonlinear optimization problem is formulated to minimize the maximum response of the structure, referred as Stochastic Structural Optimization (SSO). The SSO of BI system is usually performed with reference to a problem of unconstrained optimization without imposing any restriction on the maximum isolator displacement. In this regard it is important to note that the isolator displacement should not be arbitrarily large to fulfil the serviceability requirements and to avoid the possibility of pounding to the adjacent units. The present study is intended to incorporate the effect of excessive isolator displacement in optimizing BI system to control seismic vibration effect of bridges. In doing so, the necessary stochastic response of the isolated bridge needs to be optimized is obtained in the framework of statistical linearization of the related nonlinear random vibration problem. A simply supported bridge is taken up to elucidate the effect of constraint condition on optimum design and overall performance of the isolated bridge compared to that of obtained by the conventional unconstrained optimization approach.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2017

This paper presents a numerical investigation on the seismic behavior of isolated bridges with supplemental viscous damping. Usually very large displacements make seismic isolation an unfeasible solution due to boundary conditions, especially in case of existing bridges or high risk seismic regions. First, a suggested optimal design procedure is introduced, then seismic performance of three real bridges with different isolation systems and damping levels is investigated. Each bridge is studied in four different configurations: simply supported (SSB), isolated with 10% damping (IB), isolated with 30% damping (LRB) and isolated with optimal supplemental damping ratio (IDB). Two of the case studies are investigated under spectrum compatible far-field ground motions, while the third one is subjected to near-fault strong motions. With respect to different design strategies proposed by other authors, results of the analysis demonstrated that an isolated bridge equipped with HDLRBs and a total equivalent damping ratio of 70% represents a very effective design solution. Thanks to confirmed effective performance in terms of base shear mitigation and displacement reduction under both far field and near fault ground motions, as well as for both simply supported and continuous bridges, the suggested control system provides robustness and reliability in terms of seismic performance also resulting cost effective.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2010

Recently, earthquake proof technology has been widely applied to both new and existing structures and bridges. The analysis of bridge systems equipped with structural control devices, which possess large degrees of freedom and nonlinear characteristics, is a result in time-consuming task. Therefore, a piecewise exact solution is proposed in this study to simplify the seismic mitigation analysis process for bridge systems equipped with sliding-type isolators. In this study, the simplified system having two degrees of freedom, to reasonably represent the large number of degrees of freedom of a bridge, and is modeled to obtain a piecewise exact solution for system responses during earthquakes. Simultaneously, we used the nonlinear finite element computer program to analyze the bridge responses and verify the accuracy of the proposed piecewise exact solution for bridge systems equipped with sliding-type isolators. The conclusions derived by comparing the results obtained from the piecewise exact solution and nonlinear finite element analysis reveal that the proposed solution not only simplifies the calculation process but also provides highly accurate seismic responses of isolated bridges under earthquakes.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호통권33호
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• pp.625-635
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• 1997

기초 분리 기법과 분리 장치의 지진 하중에 대한 구조물의 에너지 전달력의 감소 효과에 대한 인식은 증가되어 왔으나, 기초 분리 교량의 지진 응답을 예측하기 위한 수단으로 사용되는 비선형 동적 해석 방법은 소요되는 경비 및 장비의 제한으로 설계용으로는 제한적이다. 본 연구는 기초 분리 교량의 설계에 있어서 시간 이력 해석법에 의하지 않고, 탄성 해석법의 적용을 위한 기초 자료로써, 지진 발생시 구조물의 비선형 응답의 해석의 탄성 해석법 적용성을 검토하였다. 본 연구는 기초 분리 교량의 하중-변위를 항복전과 항복후 상태로 분리하여, 주기 이전과 유효 주기, 모드 기여율의 변화를 고찰하였다. 또한, 교각 높이별 P.C교에 인공 지진파를 이용한 시간 이력 해석을 수행하여 분리 장치의 상태 변화를 고려한 모드 해석법과 비교하였다. 해석 결과, 분리 장치의 상태 변화는 주로 제1 모드 주기에 영향을 미치며, 지진 응답은 분리 장치의 상태 변화에 따라 지배되나 일정 범위로 수렴하였다. 이에 bilinear 분리 장치에 의한 비선형 지진 응답의 유효 강성에 의한 모드 해석의 적용 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한, bilinear 장치로 기초 분리된 교량에 대해 교각 높이 변화를 고려한 선형 탄성 해석과 비선형 시간 이력 해석 결과를 비교하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호통권33호
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• pp.637-647
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• 1997

제1편에서 언급한 바와 같이 기초분리 장치의 사용은 지진의 위험으로부터 구조물의 안전을 유지시키고, 지진 응답 감소에 필요한 비선형 거동은 교체가 용이한 분리장치에 국한 함으로써 구조물의 중요 부재들은 탄성 거동을 확보할 수 있다. 본 연구는 강재 Damper를 사용한 교량의 지진 응답에 대하여 연구하였다. 강재 Damper의 특성에 따른 응답을 분리 장치의 매개 변수 영향 별로 분리하여 검토 함으로써 지진시 거동을 파악하고, 적정한 분리 장치를 선정 할 수 있는 기준과 단순화된 설계 방법을 제시하였다. 제시된 시방서 형식의 설계 방법은 비선형 스펙트럼에 의한 모드 해석법으로, 관성력 또는 기초 분리 장치를 포함한 연결부 및 하부 구조의 높이별 설계력을 비교적 정확하게 평가될 수 있다. 따라서 제시된 설계 방법은 기초 분리된 교량의 기본 또는 최종 설계용으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 설계 방법의 타당성 검증을 위해 bilinear 이력의 강재 Damper를 사용한 P.C 교량에 대해 인공 지진파를 이용한 비선형 시간 이력 해석과 설계 응답 스펙트럼에 의한 탄성 수치 해석을 수행하여 단순 설계 방법과 비교 검토하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.399-412
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• 2011

This study compares the performance of two smart isolation systems that utilize superelastic shape memory alloys (SMAs) for seismic protection of bridges using energy balance concepts. The first isolation system is a SMA/rubber-based isolation system (SRB-IS) and consists of a laminated rubber bearing that decouples the superstructure from the bridge piers and a SMA device that provides additional energy dissipation and re-centering capacity. The second isolation system, named as superelastic-friction base isolator (S-FBI), combines the superelastic SMAs with a flat steel-Teflon bearing rather than a laminated rubber bearing. Seismic energy equations of a bridge structure with SMA-based isolation systems are established by absolute and relative energy balance formulations. Nonlinear time history analyses are performed in order to assess the effectiveness of the isolation systems and to compare their performance. The program RSPMatch 2005 is employed to generate spectrum compatible ground motions that are used in time history analyses of the isolated bridge. Results indicate that SRB-IS produces higher seismic input energy, recoverable energy and base shears as compared to the S-FBI system. Also, it is shown that combining superelastic SMAs with a sliding bearing rather than rubber bearing significantly reduce the amount of the required SMA material.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2000

In this paper, the seismic analysis and the modeling techniques have been introduced for aseismic performances assessment, when seismic isolation bearings are applied on a real bridge. Nonlinear time-history analysis is carried out using finite element analysis program. In this study, EI Centro earthquake(1940, N00W), Mexico earthquake(1985, N90W), and earthquake simulation from modified SIMQKE are used as earthquake ground excitations. The seismic response of seismically isolated bridge is compared with that of a bridge using conventional Pot Bearings, after obtaining the displacements of the deck, the deformations of the piers, shear forces and moments of the bottoms of the piers. The analytical analysis results show that seismic isolation bearing, especially seismic isolation bearings with sliding mechanism, could reduce earthquake forces.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권7_spc호
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• pp.435-441
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• 2016

The Korean peninsula has known as a minor-to-moderate seismic region. However, some recent studies had shown that the maximum possible earthquake magnitude in the region is approximately 6.3-6.5. Therefore, a seismic vulnerability assessment of the existing infrastructures considering ground motions in Korea is necessary. In this study, we developed seismic fragility curves for a continuous steel box girder bridge and two typical transmission towers, in which a set of seven artificial and natural ground motions recorded in South Korea is used. A finite element simulation framework, OpenSees, is utilized to perform nonlinear time history analyses of the bridge and a commercial software, SAP2000, is used to perform time history analyses of the transmission towers. The fragility curves based on Korean ground motions were then compared with the fragility curves generated using worldwide ground motions to evaluate the effect of the two ground motion groups on the seismic fragility curves of the structures. The results show that both non-isolated and base-isolated bridges are less vulnerable to the Korean ground motions than to worldwide earthquakes. Similarly to the bridge case, the transmission towers are safer during Korean motions than that under worldwide earthquakes in terms of fragility functions.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 마찰모델에 따라 다른 마찰진자시스템(FPS)이 적용된 교량의 성능을 비교·분석하기 위해 구조해석을 수행하였다. 마찰해석모델 별 성능을 분석하기 위해 PVDF/MgO 마찰재의 마찰계수를 활용하여 쿨롱 마찰모델과 속도 의존 마찰모델을 구축했다. 쿨롱 마찰모델은 마찰속도와 관계없이 단일 마찰계수를 사용하며, 속도 의존 마찰모델은 마찰속도에 따른 마찰계수의 변화를 반영하는 마찰모델이다. 지진해석으로 비선형 시간 이력 해석과 지진 취약도 해석을 수행하여 구조물의 응답을 확인하였다. 마찰모델에 따른 바닥판과 교각의 지진 응답을 활용해 면진된 교량의 성능을 분석하였으며, 면진된 교량의 성능을 효과적으로 평가할 수 있는 마찰모델을 분석했다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 추계 학술발표회 제16권2호
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• pp.25-28
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• 2004

Many highway bridges in Korea need seismic retrofit because only one decade has passed since the seismic design criteria was introduced. In this experimental study, the effectiveness of base isolation bearings was discussed for the seismic retrofit of the highway bridges. Four real scale RC pier specimens were constructed for the test. These RC piers didn't have seismic details. Except for one RC pier for the pilot test, three types of bearings such as Pot bearing, Rubber bearing (RB), Lead-rubber bearing (LRB) were applied to the other RC piers respectively. The RC pier with Pot bearing means current state of the prototype bridge that is not retrofitted seismically. And two RC piers with RB or LRB mean assumed states of the prototype bridge that are retrofitted seismically. To simulate dynamic behavior of these RC piers under earthquake loads, Pseudo-dynamic test method was used.