• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.635-638
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• 2006

The effects of raw and processed small black soybean powders on dietary fiber content and gastrointestinal function in rats were investigated. The crude oil, protein, and ash contents of raw small black soybean powder were not significantly different from those of processed small black soybean powders. The germination process increased soluble and insoluble dietary fiber contents significantly, as compared to raw small black soybean powder. The germinated small black soybean powder diet led to a significantly different food intake than the basal diet in both normal and loperamide-induced constipated rats. The body weight gains of the experimental groups, however, were not significantly different from that of the basal diet groups for both the normal and loperamide-induced rats. The gastrointestinal transit times and fecal weights for normal and loperamide-induced rats consuming the processed small black soybean powder diet were significantly different from those on a basal diet. These results suggest that the processes of cooking and germinating the small black soybean might contribute to acceleration of fecal excretion in both experimental normal and constipation model rats.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.489-496
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• 2019

A study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal score in growing pigs. Ninety Duroc ${\times}$ (Landrace ${\times}$ Large Yorkshire) growing pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of $25.51{\pm}1.63kg$ were randomly allotted to three treatment groups with 6 replications of 5 pigs per replicate pen for each treatment in a 6-week trial period. The treatments were as follows: 1) basal diet (CON); 2) basal diet with 0.05% GABA and 3) basal diet with 1% of a 10% HCl solution. The results showed that GABA supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.05) compared with the control during week 4 and the overall experiment period (0 to 6 weeks). However, HCl supplementation had a numerical increase in the ADG compared with the control. The total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM) was greater in GABA group than the CON (p < 0.05). The supplementation of GABA and HCl in the diet of growing pigs had no significant effect on the fecal scores compared with the CON. Experimental results show that supplementation of 0.05% GABA in the diet of growing pigs had a positive effect on the ADG and DM digestibility in growing pigs.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.649-659
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• 2022

A long-term energy nutritional imbalance fundamentally causes the development of obesity and associated fat accumulation. Lysosomes, as nutrient-sensing and lipophagy centers, critically control cellular lipid catabolism in response to nutrient deprivation. However, whether lysosome activity is directly involved in nutrient-induced fat accumulation remains unclear. In this study, worm fat accumulation was induced by 1 mM glucose or 0.02 mM palmitic acid supplementation. Along with the elevation of fat accumulation, lysosomal number and acidification were also increased, suggesting that lysosome activity might be correlated with nutrient-induced fat deposition in Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, treatments with the lysosomal inhibitors chloroquine and leupeptin significantly reduced basal and nutrient-induced fat accumulation in C. elegans. The knockdown of hlh-30, which is a critical gene in lysosomal biogenesis, also resulted in worm fat loss. Finally, the mutation of aak-2, daf-15, and rsks-1 showed that mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-1) signaling mediated the effects of lysosomes on basal and nutrient-induced fat accumulation in C. elegans. Overall, this study reveals the previously undescribed role of lysosomes in overnutrition sensing, suggesting a new strategy for controlling body fat accumulation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.960-966
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• 2022

We aimed to determine the dietary myo-inositol (MI) requirements of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. A basal diet was formulated without myo-inositol (M0) and a negative control diet (M0-) was prepared by adding tetracycline hydrochloride to the basal diet to prevent intestinal inositol synthesis. Five MI diets were prepared by adding MI at 300, 600, 900, 1,200 and 1,500 mg/kg to the basal diet (designated as, M300, M600, M900, M1200 and M1500, respectively). Triplicate groups of shrimp (initial body weight, 0.55±0.01 g) were fed one of the experimental diets for 42 days. The growth performance of shrimp in M0- group was significantly lower when compared to that of shrimp in M0, M1200 and M1500 groups. Feed efficiency was significantly improved in M1200 and M1500 groups when compared to the M0 and M0- groups. GPx activity was significantly higher in M1200 and M1500 groups compared to that in M0 and M0- groups. Therefore, a practical diet (over 240 mg/kg) meets the minimum MI requirements of Pacific white shrimp. However, the optimum dietary MI level would be potentially above 1,200 mg/kg for better feed utilization efficiency and antioxidant capacity of Pacific white shrimp.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of phytase on the growth performance, organ weight, and tibia ash of broilers. A total of 1008 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (mixed gender) with body weight 42 ± 0.90 g (mean ± SD) were used in a trial for 32 d. Chicks were assigned to one of the two treatment diets. Each treatment consisted of 28 replicate cages, with 18 birds per cage. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet; TRT1, basal diet + phytase 1,500 Fan Terminal Unit (FTU)/kg diet. Dietary inclusion of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase supplementation in broilers showed only slight improvements in daily feed intake (P=0.086) and feed conversion ratio (P=0.065) on day 9 compared with that in the control group. However, organ weights of the breast muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, and bursa of Fabricius were not affected by the dietary treatments. In addition, the dietary inclusion of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase supplementation in the broiler diet had no effect on tibia ash. The addition of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase in the basal diet of broilers did not have any adverse effect on growth performance, organ weight, and tibia ash, suggesting that phytase supplementation in broiler diets will exhibit comparable effects as that of corn-soybean meal-based diet.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.410-419
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• 1996

This study was reviewed from 1000 articles related to family planning from 1970 to 1990 and 20 articles associated with natural family planning from 1980 until the present. The purpose of natural family planning(NFP) is to identify the time ovulation of women themselves, to have intercourse with periodic abstinence, and to deliver a healthy child. The ultimate goal of NFP is to promote the family's health. The NFP method is described as periodic abstinence of intercourse to avoid pregnancy by identifying the ovulation time in the menstration cycle. Clinical symptoms and signs of reflection underlying changes in Estrogen and Progesterone are the change of basal body temperature, the change of cervical mucus and cervix, abdominal pain and breast tenderness. The types of NFP are the calender rthythm method, basal body temperature methods, cervical mucus method, symptothermal method, cyclo-thermal method and home based ovulation test kits. Recently the cyclo-thermal method involved. It is calendar rhythm method applied to B.B.T. For the cervical mucus method, when the estrogen level in the blood concentration is increased, the mucus begins to excrete, the amount of moist mucus increases while the mucus is clear, slippery, and smooth. For 3 days, this timing can be considered contraception. Fertility is at a maximum on the day mucus appears, abstinence for 3 days is a type of contraception. Sexual intercourse on a maximum day of mucus maximizes pregnancy potential. But, the contraception depends on the practice of a perfect rule. For basal body temperature methods, at ovulation time, the temperature increases $0.2^{\circ}C-0.5^{\circ}C$. Through the review of literature a high temperature above $0.2^{\circ}C$ for 3 days indicates that the previous 6 day period was ovulation and fertilization. The Symptothermal method is used to determine the prediction of ovulation through the observation of mucus excretion, high temperature, the change of cervical mucus, low abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, and breast change. Home based ovulation test kits are cervico-vaginal fluid aspiration, test a digital electric thermometer, body fluid(blood, saliva, urine) test kits, They are on the market. However, research on the contraception method is still in progress. For pregnancy it is still too early to use home based ovulation test kits because of deficit of reliability and simplicity more research on the technology is needed. It is suggested that NFP methods be included in nursing curriculum in order to educate NFP users how to effectively use NFP methods. Furthermore, this study has implications for the dissemination of NFP methods in terms of Korean policies of family planning and the support of community welfare agences.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate accumulation of metallothionein(MT) in rat liver and kidney by cadmium administration. After male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 60$\pm$5g were fed basal diet ad libitum for 4 weeks, two types of experiments were performed. In the first set of experiment, rats were divided into five groups. Control groups was fed basal diet without injection of cadmium. Dose groups of A, B, C and D were i.p. injected 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5mg Cd/Kg of body wt, once a day for two days. In the second set of experiment, rats were also divided into five groups. Control group was fed basal diet without injection of cadmium. Number groups of I, II, III and IV were i.p. injected 1, 2, 3, and 4 times every 24hrs, respectively and injection doses were 2.5mg Cd/Kg of body wt. in a day. In the first of experiment, hemoglobin contents in C, D groups were lower than control group. MT concentrations in liver and kidney were increased with increasing Cd injection doses to 2.5mg Cd/Kg of body wt. Liver - SH group values in C, D groups were higher than control group. Hematocrit values did not differ among groups. In the second of experiment, hemoglobin contents and hematocrit values were decreased. MT concentration in liver and kidney were progressively increased with increasing number of Cd injection. In both sets of experiments, liver MT concentrations were higher than kidney.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.196-201
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to confirm the validity of predictive equations for the calculation of basal energy expenditure (BEE). One hundred twenty female college students were participated in this study. The resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry for 30 minutes following an 12 hour overnight fasting. Among the available equations for predict BEE, Harris-Benedict, WHO/FAO/UNU and Cunningham methods were selected. Body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for the equation of predicted BEE. The mean of measured REE was 1257.2$\pm$147.9 kcal/day, while the predicted value by Harris-Benedict, WHO/FAO/UNU and Cunningham were 1373.3$\pm$45.4 kcal/day, 1290.0$\pm$61.7 kcal/day and 1187.6$\pm$49.2 kcal/day, respectively. The Cunningham equation was more closed to measured values than Harris-Benedict and WHO/FAO/UNU equation by the correlation coefficient. Comparing Pearson's correlation coefficients, fat-free mass (FFM), body surface area (BSA) and body weight were higher than others such as height, body mass index (BMI), fat and fat%. The FFM's correlation coefficient was the highest as 0.74. Thus, the conclusion of this study suggested that the main determinant of BEE was FFM, and we derived a prediction equation as follows: BEE=-569.86+48.27 (FFM).

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2011

The previous studies were prevalent a study of treatment like a environmental modification or compensative approach and intervention which used in today to paralyzed patients. These interventions were related with occupational therapy widely. The purpose of this study is to provide a basic datum for environmental modification, compensative approach, and intervention observing physiological changes which is shown in early paralyze patients. The subjects were 40 students who were 20 female and 20 male in a college. The students were devided into hemiplegic and paraplegic model. The model was designed using a experimental cloths. A instrument to measure body composition was a precision instrument. The results of the study were as follow: First, there was no different homogeneity between activity daily of living of hemiplegic and paraplegic model. Second, there was a significant different body water and basal metabolic rate between before and after activity daily of living of hemiplegic model. Third, there was a significant different body water and basal metabolic rate between before and after activity daily of living of paraplegic model. Forth, there were no significant different physiological change between after activity daily of living of hemiplegic model and paraplegic model. We observed early changes of body composition using a hemiplegic and paraplegic model. We could know it was reduced body water rate and basal metabolic rate in regardless of type of paralysis. Therefore, it is important to know these physiological changes of paralyzed patients and improve body water and basal metabolic rate of the patients.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.91-100
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to find the characteristics of Sasang Constitution, Soeumin, Soyangin and Taeumin, Using Regular Medical Inspection. Methods : Subjects of our study were 325 cases who took regular medical inspection. We collected the data of body composition analysis, 7-zone-diagnostic system, blood analysis, and analyzed by Sasang Constitution, Soeumin, Soyangin and Taeumin. Results and Conclusions : 1. In body composition analysis, Taeumin was significantly higher than Soeumin and Soyangin about soft lean mass, body fat mass, waist-hip ratio, body water index, body mass index and basal metabolic rate. In blood analysis, Taeumin was significantly highest about total protein, albumin, GPT, hemoglobin, WBC, triglyceride. In 7-zone-diagnostic system, Taeumin had the highest level at Zone 1, 2. 2. Taeumin had more significant differences than other Sasang constitutions about the parameters of regular medical inspection. 3. Body composition analysis had the most parameters that showed differences among the constitutions, followed by blood analysis and 7-zone-diagnostic system.