• Applied Microscopy
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.377-387
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• 2000

뇌실을 감싸는 뇌실막층은 대부분이 일반적인 뇌실막 세포로 이루어졌으나, 이들 세포 사이에 간혹 띠뇌실막 세포(tanycyte)가 분포하고 있다. 띠뇌실막세포는 일반적인 뇌실막세포와는 달리 뇌의 실질로 뻗은 매우 긴 기저돌기를 갖고 있다. 특히 제3뇌실의 뇌실막층에서 주로 연구된 띠뇌실막세포는 뇌실과 뇌실질의 혈관 혹은 신경세포와의 사이에 물질교환을 담당하는 것으로 추측되고 있으며, 띠뇌실막세포는 일반적인 뇌실막세포와는 달리 glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)항체에 대해 양성반응을 보이는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 면역조직화학 및 면역금표지법을 이용하여 박쥐 맨아래구역을 감싸는 뇌실막층에서 GFAP 항체에 대해 양성반응을 보이는 세포의 분포여부 및 이의 미세 구조를 확인하고자 시행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 세로 절단한 절편을 대상으로 GFAP 항체를 이용하여 면역염색한 후 광학현미경으로 확인한 결과 맨아래구역을 감싸는 뇌실막층에 GFAP 양성반응을 보이는 세포가 관찰되었으며, 특히 맨아래구역의 목부분에서 양성반응 세포가 많이 모여 있었다. GFAP양성반응을 보이는 세포들은 매우 긴 기저돌기를 갖고 있었으며, 기저돌기에서도 매우 강한 GFAP 양성반응을 보였다. 세포체에서는 주변부에서 양성반응을 보였다. 전자현미경하에서 맨아래구역 띠뇌실막세포는 주로 ependymal tanycytes였으며, 자유면에 소수의 미세융모 및 세포질돌기가 관찰되었으나, 섬모는 관찰되지 않았다. 기저부에 특징적으로 긴 기저돌기를 갖고 있었으며 이 돌기에는 중간세사 및 세로로 길게 달리는 사립체가 발달되어 있었고, 세포체와 돌기에 지방방울이 산재되어 있었다. 금입자를 표지한 GFAP항체를 사용하여 면역 염색한 후 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 세포체에서 핵을 둘러싸는 중간세사에서 금입자를 관찰할 수 있었으며, 나머지 핵을 비롯한 다른 세포소기관이나 세포질에서는 관찰되지 많았다. 또한 기저돌기에서도 중간세사에서만 금입자를 관찰할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 본 실험의 결과는 박쥐 맨아래구역 뇌실막층에도 띠뇌실막세포가 존재하고 있으며, 이 세포의 발달된 긴 기저돌기는 띠뇌실막세포가 일반적인 뇌실막세포와는 다른 기능을 동면동물인 박쥐의 맨아래구역에서도 수행하고 있음을 암시하고 있으나 이를 확인하기 위해서 더욱 자세한 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.883-885
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• 2011

Purpose: Nevus sebaceus is a congenital hamartomatous lesion, typically involving head and neck. Various benign and malignant neoplasms can develop in association with nevus sebaceus. We report a case of simultaneous occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma in nevus sebaceus. Methods: A 73-year-old man presented with erythematous to black verrucous nodules on the right subauricular area. The upper part was accompanied with inflammation and ulceration, and no specific findings suspicious for malignant degeneration were found in the lower part preoperatively. The mass was totally excised and the defect was directly closed. Lymph nodes were not involved on concomitant neck dissection. Results: Histopathologic examination confirmed the presence of squamous cell carcinoma in the upper part and basal cell carcinoma in the lower part of a nevus sebaceus. Negative margins were achieved on resection. No clinical problems were found during the 3-month follow-up period. Conclusion: We experienced a rare case of simultaneous occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma within the same nevus sebaceus. Because patients with nevus sebaceus have risk of malignant changes, surgical excision and work-up for recurrence and metastasis should be considered in suspicious cases. And even in a totally asymptomatic case, the possibility of occult secondary cancer should be informed before surgery in aged patients.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.53-57
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• 1985

Korean montmorillonite from Youngil district was characterized by Alkylammonium derivatives. This method was very sensitive to the basal plane spacing d and the charge in the layer charge. The result include the values of average layer charge, charge distribution, equivalent area. interlayer cationic exchange capacity (C, E, C) and total C. E. C.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제111권1호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2022

본 연구는 장기 모니터링 자료를 이용하여 우리나라 잣나무 인공림의 흉고직경, 수고, 흉고단면적, 재적, 바이오매스 생장변화를 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 또한, 인자별 입목의 상대적 크기에 따른 생장을 비교하여 향후 인공림의 경급별 생산·수확을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 흉고직경 기준 20%씩 총 5개의 등급인 I등급(1~20%, 상위 20%), II등급(21~40%), III등급(41~60%), IV등급(61~80%), V등급(81~100%, 하위 20%) 및 전체등급(0~100%)으로 구분하여 등급별 생장특성을 비교분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 39년간 9회 조사된 자료를 이용하여 총생장과 연평균생장량이 산출되었으며, 입목평균을 이용한 개체목 특성과 단위면적 ha당 산출값을 이용한 임분 특성이 분석되었다. 인자별 총생장 분석 결과, 흉고직경, 흉고단면적, 재적, 바이오매스는 시간이 경과할수록 등급 간 총생장의 차이가 증가하였으나, 수고생장의 차이는 지속적으로 증가하지 않았다. 연평균생장량 분석결과, 평균흉고직경의 I등급 최대값은 23년생 때 0.92 cm·yr^-1로 관측되었으며, 전체등급의 최대값은 17년생 때 0.69 cm·yr^-1로 파악되었다. 평균수고의 I등급 연평균생장량은 23년생 때 0.52 m·yr^-1로 최대였으며, 전체등급의 최대값은 20년생 때 0.49 m·yr^-1로 파악되었다. 개체목 및 임분 단위의 흉고단면적, 재적, 바이오매스의 경우, 본 조사기간인 46년생까지 I등급과 전체등급의 연평균생장량 최대값은 관측되지 않았다. 따라서 해당 인자들의 연평균생장량 최대값을 파악하기 위해서는 보다 장기간의 모니터링이 요구된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.83-99
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• 1994

To compare basic information and to inspect impacts situations between 1987 and 1992, this study was executed in Chongnung valley of Mt. Puk'an. And to provide basic informations through the change of plant species diversity, some methods were applied and analyzed such as the degree of environmental impacts and belt-transect method. The results were summarized as follows; 1. In order to find environmental impacts by visitor, the degree of environmental impacts class that was proposed by Kwon(1991) was implicated. In 4 sites, total area of over impact class 2 is 86,692$m^2$ and area of impacts class 4-6 that is impossible to recover naturally is 36,856$m^2$. Totally, the impacted area was profounded qualitatively and quantitatively against 1987's. 2. In the vegetation change by visitor's impacts, species diversity was rapidly decreased as nearer the campsite and trail. And in the basal area and coverage, lower layer species was sensitively changed. Trampling-resistent species is as following; Robinia pseudoacacia, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Staphylea bumalda, Clerdendron trichotomum, Stephanandra incisa, Rubus crataegifolius, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Weigela subsessilis, Rosa multiflora, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Lindera obtusiloba, Callicarpa japonica, Sorbus alnifolia, Symplocos mongolica and so on. In the results of soil hardness test, that was decreased as far away from campsite and trail. 3. In the 4 sites selected in Chongnung valley of Puk'ansan Natioal Park, management plans was largely divided 4 category, such as trail improvement, facilities setting, ecotone vegetation establishment, and vegetation rehabilitation. And a suggestion was provided to each site.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2002

Parkinson's disease(PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects the functioning of the basal ganglia, a brain area that contributes to the control of movement. The disease is caused by the death of nerve cells in the brain that produce dopamine, a chemical messenger. The cells affected usually produce a neurotransmitter(a chemical that transmits nerver impulses) called dopamine, which acts with acetylcholine, another neurotransmitter, to fine-tune muscle control. In Parkinson's disease, the level of dopamine relative to acetylcholine is reduced, adversely affecting muscle control. When the supply of dopamine is depleted, the function of the basal ganglia is disrupted and its ability to control movement-deteriorates. The result is that PD patients experience moderate rigidity, difficulty in initiating movements and slowness in executing them, and a rhythmical tremor at rest. Although the cause of Parkinson's disease is not known, genetic factors may be involved. About 3 in 10 people with the disorder have an affected family member. About 1 in 100 people over the age of 60 in the US have Parkinson's disease. And Parkinson's disease is slightly more common in men. The course of the disease is variable, but drags may be the best effective in treating the symptoms and improving quality of life. But, The doctor may arrange physical therapy to help with physical mobility problems. It is important to continue to exercise and take care of your general health. Try to take a walk each day. Stretching exercises can help you maintain your strength and mobility. So, This papers will serve about the information of PD for clinical physical therapist. Finally, The aim of review is increasing approach method and technique for PD patients by the view of physical therapy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.387-391
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• 2013

Background The most common cutaneous malignant masses are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma. The predominant site of a malignant mass is the face, which has many opportunities to be exposed to ultraviolet radiation. However the predilection sites of malignant masses have been equivocal due to the use of general regions, rather than anatomical landmarks, in surveys. A facial esthetic unit is an anatomical site classified as an area of similar facial contour characteristics that can be distinguished from other areas. The purpose of this study is to determine widely accepted anatomical landmarks using the esthetic unit. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 118 cases of malignant masses in our clinic from January 2005 to October 2012. We evaluated the patients' age, gender, and predilection site of the malignant mass by esthetic unit through pathology, medical records and patient photographs. We mapped the occurrence site of the malignant mass on schematic drawings of the esthetic units. Results Most of the malignant masses were BCC. The ratio of males to females was 1:1.41. The frequent predilection site of a malignant mass was on the nasal unit (33.1%), followed by the buccal unit (11.0%). Primary closure was the most common method of repairing a surgical defect (38.9%), followed by a local flap (35.5%). Conclusions This review described the relationship between clinical characteristics and esthetic units by proposing objective predilection sites for malignant masses, which can be used commonly as a framework in the study of malignant masses by unifying equivocal occurrence sites.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.525-531
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• 1990

고단백 열대두료작물인 Winged bean의 질소와 가리의 시비법 확립을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 질소기비(0, 4kg/10a), 가리기비(0, 6, 18kg/10a), 질소추비(0, 4kg/10a) 수준을 달리한 pot 시험을 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 초장, 분지수, 엽수, 엽면적은 질소의 시비ㆍ추비시, 가리시용량이 증가할수록 현저히 증가하였다. NAR, RGR, CGR은 질소의 기비ㆍ추비 시용시 유의성 있게 증가하였으며 특히 CGR은 가리수준이 증가함에 따라서 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 2. 근류의 수와 근류 건물중은 질소기비 및 추비 시용시에 감소하였으며 질소시비에 관계없이 가리수준이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 3. 록협, 괴근 및 종실수량은 질소기비ㆍ추비 시용시, 그리고 가리 시용량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 종실수량의 경우, 질소기비ㆍ추비시용 및 가리 3부 비시용시 무처리에 비해 140% 증가하였으며 질소기비$\times$질소추비간의 상호작용에도 유의성이 나타났다. 4. 수량은 주요 생육특성(총건물중, 엽면적, CGR, 초장, 분지수, 엽수) 및 수량구성 요소(협, 협실율, 협장, 협폭, 100립중)와 정의 상관관계, 그리고 근류수, 근류건물중, 엽중 P$_2$O$_{5}$함량과는 고도의 부의 상관관계가 나타났다.다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2002

An efficient low-input system (LIS) for fertiliser use in rice cultivation is necessary to reduce fossil energy use and pollution. Japanese people like Japonica rice, especially cv. Koshihikari. However, it has very low lodging resistance in Japanese weather condition. Our objective was to develop a LIS with the minimum sacrifice of grain yield in rice. Koshihikari was grown using conventional fertilization as a control (CON) with 4 g N $m^{-2}$., 8g $P_2$ $O_{5}$ $m^{-2}$ and 8 g $K_2$O $m^{-2}$ as a basal fertilizer dressing. It was compared with a low fertilizer treatment (LF) with only 4 g $P_2$ $O_{5}$ $m^{-2}$ as a basal dressing in the first year and no basal phosphorus fertilizer in the second year. Chopped rice straw was incorporated into the soil before the cropping season in both years. Fertilizer of 4 g N $m^{-2}$ was top-dressed at 15 days before heading in CON plots and 30 days before heading in LF plots in both years. Lodging was significantly less in LF than in CON plots, however, no rice straw effect was found in low fertilized condition. Grain yields in LF plots were reduced by 15-16% below those of CON plots. Lower yields in LF plots were associated with a reduced number of spikelets per unit area. However, big spikelet size was acquired in LF by 10 days earlier N top dressing than CON plots. A close relationship was found between spikelet numbers and N content of the plant at heading, and between grain yield or shoot dry weight and N content of the plant at maturity. Regardless of the fertilizer application methods, N use efficiency for the number of spikelets, final total dry matter and grain yield was essentially identical among fertilizer treatments. The reduced growth and yield in the LF plots resulted from low absorption of nitrogen. Conclusively, LIS can drastically reduce chemical fertilizer use and facilitate harvest operations by reducing lodging with some yield reduction..

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2017

Background Jeju Island is geographically and socioeconomically distinct from the mainland of South Korea. Thus, the presentation and management of non-melanocytic skin cancers (NMSC) of the head and neck may differ from those in other regions of the country. We compared the clinical characteristics and treatment modalities of NMSC on Jeju Island with the findings of similar regional studies. Methods Patient data, including age, sex, diagnosis, tumor site, treatment, and recurrence, were obtained from the medical and pathology records of patients diagnosed with NMSC between January 2010 and June 2015. Results In total, 190 patients (57 men) with a mean age of 75 years (range, 42-97) were assessed. Overall, 203 NMSCs were diagnosed, including 123 basal cell carcinomas and 80 squamous cell carcinomas. The tumor sites included the nose, cheeks, periorbital area, and lips (n=55, 54, 25, and 20, respectively). We identified 92 T1-stage and 60 T2-stage tumors, and 120 cases were treated with wide surgical resection and 17 cases were treated with radiation therapy at the medical center. Of the 120 cases treated surgically, 69 required reconstructive surgery using a local skin flap, 22 required full-thickness skin grafting, and 12 underwent primary closure. Basal and squamous cell carcinomas recurred in 2 and 1 cases, respectively. Conclusions Compared to the reports from other regions, the average patient age was 10 years higher, with a marked female preponderance. While the proportion of squamous cell carcinoma was higher than in other regions, the tumor distribution and surgical management profiles were similar.