• 한국자기학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2004

자기 터널 접합(Magnetic Tunnel Junction, MTJ)의 플라즈마 산화시간과 열처리 온도에 따른 자기저항(Tunneling Magnetoresistance, TMR) 온도의존특성을 연구하였다. 플라즈마 산화시간을 30$_{s}$ 70$_{s}$ 까지 10$_{s}$ 간격으로 변화시켜 측정한 결과, 산화시간 50초에서 상온에서 25.3%의 가장 높은 TMR 비를 얻었다. 스핀 분극도 $P_{0}$ 스핀파 지수(spin wave parameter) $\alpha$를 구한 결과, 산화시간 50$_{s}$ 에서 40.3%의 가장 높은 스핀 분극도와 가장 낮은 온도 의존 특성인 (10$\pm$4.742)${\times}$$10^{-6}$ $K^{－1.5}$스핀파 지수(spin wave parameter) $\alpha$값을 얻었다. 그리고 온도별 열처리 결과 175$^{\circ}C$에서 TMR비가 25.3%에서 27.5%까지 증가하였으며 스핀파 지수는 (10$\pm$0.719)${\times}$$10^{-6}$ K $^{－1.5}$ 까지 감소하여 온도의존도가 감소하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.604-613
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• 2018

전 세계적으로 철도의 노후화 및 고속화 등으로 인한 열차탈선사고가 증가하고 있으며, 그로인한 인적 물적 피해가 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 특히 철도교량의 경우에는 가드레일 또는 방호벽 등을 설치하고 있으나, 이는 탈선열차차량(train body level)이 방호벽과 충돌함으로써 열차의 탈선운동을 억제하여 정지시키는데 목적이 있다. 이와 같은 차량에 의한 탈선방호는 인명피해 위험성 및 2차 피해발생 가능성이 높다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 주행레일 사이에 일탈방호시설물(DCP, Derailment Containment Provision)을 설치하여, 차륜 또는 차축(wheel/bogie level)에서 탈선열차를 방호할 수 있는 시설물을 개발하였다. 또한, 기존 철도교량의 일탈방호성능을 확보할 수 있도록 DCP의 급속시공이 가능하도록 설계하였으며, 방호벽에 작용하는 충돌하중과 급곡선부에서의 관성력을 감소시킴으로써 일탈된 열차가 교량 밖으로의 전도 낙하방지 및 반대편 선로의 침입하는 것을 최소화 하고자 하였다. 본 논문에서는 LS-Dyna을 이용하여, 설계한 DCP의 열차 충돌위치 및 콘크리트 궤도 접합조건에 따른 거동에 대하여 해석적으로 변수연구를 수행하였다. 특히 접합조건은 접합재료의 물성치에 따라 끊어짐을 모사하는 Tiebreak contact과 완전 부착되었다고 가정하는 Perfect bond contact으로 나눠 해석적으로 검토하였다. DCP의 변위, 앵커 및 콘크리트의 응력, 변형률을 확인한 결과 Tiebreak contact이 실제 충돌하중에 대한 거동을 보다 유사하게 모사하는 것으로 판단하였다. 또한, 충돌위치에 따른 변위는 접합구간에서 가장 큰 변형이 발생하였으며, DCP 블록의 중앙에 충돌이 가해질 경우, 충돌하중이 가해지는 DCP 배면에서 휨 파괴가 발생하였다. 본 연구에서 수행한 충돌해석은 실제 충돌실험의 어려움에 의해 사전적으로 해석을 수행하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 DCP 앵커 설계변경은 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.673-677
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• 2008

Calcia (CaO) stabilized cubic-$HfO_2$ is studied by density functional theory (DFT) with generalized gradient approximation (GGA). When a Ca atom is substituted for a Hf atom, an oxygen vacancy is produced to satisfy the charge neutrality. The lattice parameter of a $2{\times}2{\times}2$ cubic $HfO_2$ supercell then increases by $0.02\;{\AA}$. The oxygen atoms closest to the oxygen vacancy are attracted to the vacancy as the vacancy is positive compared to the oxygen ion. When the oxygen vacancy is located at the site closest to the Ca atom, the total energy of $HfO_2$ reaches its minimum. The energy barriers for the migration of the oxygen vacancy were calculated. The energy barriers between the first and the second nearest sites, the second and the third nearest sites, and the third and fourth nearest sites are 0.2, 0.5, and 0.24 eV, respectively. The oxygen vacancies at the third and fourth nearest sites relative to the Ca atom represent the oxygen vacancies in undoped $HfO_2$. Therefore, the energy barrier for oxygen migration in the $HfO_2$ gate dielectric is 0.24 eV, which can explain the origin of gate dielectric leakage.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 1989

n-알코올 용매에서 티오아세테이트아미드(TA)의 아미노 양성자의 nmr 화학적 이동과 선모양이 온도를 변화시켜가면서 구하였다. 아미노 양성자의 화학적 이동변화를 용매의 극성 파라미터 중에서 Reichardt의 $E_T(30)$과 연관지어 고찰하였으며, 그들 사이에는 다음의 관계가 있음이 밝혀졌다. ${\delta}_{obs}=a{\cdot}E_T(30)＋b{\cdot}(E_T(30))_2$ 여기서 a는 알코올 용액에서의 용질의 고유한 특성이며, b는 용질-용매 분자간 상호작용의 특성을 나태내고 있다. 또한 선모양 분석에서 얻은 N-C(S) 결합 주위로의 부자유 회전 장애도 아미노 양성자의 화학적 이동의 행동과 유사하게 $E_T(30)$과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 알았다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.359-368
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• 2014

The aim of our research was to apply experimental design methodology in the optimization of N, N-Dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (RNO, which is indictor of OH radical formation) degradation using gas mixing-circulation plasma process. The reaction was mathematically described as a function of four independent variables [voltage ($X_1$), gas flow rate ($X_2$), liquid flow rate ($X_3$) and time ($X_4$)] being modeled by the use of the central composite design (CCD). RNO removal efficiency was evaluated using a second-order polynomial multiple regression model. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination ($R^2$) value of 0.9111, thus ensuring a satisfactory adjustment of the second-order polynomial multiple regression model with the experimental data. The application of response surface methodology (RSM) yielded the following regression equation, which is an empirical relationship between the RNO removal efficiency and independent variables in a coded unit: RNO removal efficiency (%) = $77.71+10.04X_1+10.72X_2+1.78X_3+17.66X_4+5.91X_1X_2+3.64X_2X_3-8.72X_2X_4-7.80X{_1}^2-6.49X{_2}^2-5.67X{_4}^2$. Maximum RNO removal efficiency was predicted and experimentally validated. The optimum voltage, air flow rate, liquid flow rate and time were obtained for the highest desirability at 117.99 V, 4.88 L/min, 6.27 L/min and 24.65 min, respectively. Under optimal value of process parameters, high removal(> 97 %) was obtained for RNO.

• 셀메드
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.6.1-6.12
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• 2014

Anthrax is the deadly disease for human being caused by Bacillus anthracis. Instantaneous research work on the mode of infection of the organism revealed that different proteases are involved in different steps of pathogenesis. Present study reports the in silico characterization and the detection of pathogenic proteases involved in anthrax infection through protein-protein interaction. A total of 13 acid, 9 neutral, and 1 alkaline protease of Bacillus anthracis were selected for analysing the physicochemical parameter, the protein superfamily and family search, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree construction, protein-protein interactions and motif finding. Among the 13 acid proteases, 10 were found as extracellular enzymes that interact with immune inhibitor A (InhA) and help the organism to cross the blood brain barrier during the process of infection. Multiple sequence alignment of above acid proteases revealed the position 368, 489, and 498-contained 100% conserved amino acids which could be used to deactivate the protease. Among the groups analyzed, only acid protease were found to interact with InhA, which indicated that metalloproteases of acid protease group have the capability to develop pathogenesis during B. anthracis infection. Deactivation of conserved amino acid position of germination protease can stop the sporulation and germination of B anthracis cell. The detailed interaction study of neutral and alkaline proteases could also be helpful to design the interaction network for the better understanding of anthrax disease.

• 지질공학
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.229-245
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• 1997

대규모의 암반 공동을 이용하는 대표적 시설이 지하유류비축시설과 방사성폐기물처분시설은, 공히 암반이 갖는 천연적인 방벽기능과 안정성 확보를 위한 보장 조치로서 인공방벽시설을 설치한다느 공통점이 있다. 지하유류비축시설의 설계,건설 및 운영의 각 단계에서 모암에 분포한는 지질구조와 그들의 수리학적 특성이 시설이 안전성 및 성능에 가장 중요한 역할을 한다. 시설 설치가 가능한 규모의 암반 block 내에 분포된 단열체제는 고유의 기하학적 특성과 수리적 특성이 혼재되어 복합적인 수리체계를 형성하고 있기 때문에 이에 대한 정확하고 정량적인 조사.평가가 지하비축시설의 수리적 안정성을 좌우하게 된다. 본 논문은 지하유류비축시설의 성능평가에서 요구되는 자연방벽의 수밀성 기능을 평가하기 위하여 지하문체계의 해석과정에서 고려되어야 할 문제점들을 우선 검토하고, 시설의 안전한 운영을 위하여 다루어져야 할 수리 안정성관련 파라메테에 대한 조사 및 평가방법을 다룬다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.907-917
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• 2011

This study investigated the application of experimental design methodology to optimization of conditions of air-plasma and oxygen-plasma oxidation of N, N-Dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (RNO). The reactions of RNO degradation were described as a function of the parameters of voltage ($X_1$), gas flow rate ($X_2$) and initial RNO concentration ($X_3$) and modeled by the use of the central composite design. In pre-test, RNO degradation of the oxygen-plasma was higher than that of the air-plasma though low voltage and gas flow rate. The application of response surface methodology (RSM) yielded the following regression equation, which is an empirical relationship between the RNO removal efficiency and test variables in a coded unit: RNO removal efficiency (%) = $86.06\;+\;5.00X_1\;+\;14.19X_2\;-\;8.08X_3\;+\;3.63X_1X_2\;-\;7.66X_2^2$ (air-plasma); RNO removal efficiency (%) = $88.06\;+\;4.18X_1\;+\;2.25X_2\;-\;4.91X_3\;+\;2.35X_1X_3\;+\;2.66X_1^2\;+\;1.72X_3^2$ (oxygen-plasma). In analysis of the main effect, air flow rate and initial RNO concentration were most important factor on RNO degradation in air-plasma and oxygen-plasma, respectively. Optimized conditions under specified range were obtained for the highest desirability at voltage 152.37 V, 135.49 V voltage and 5.79 L/min, 2.82 L/min gas flow rate and 25.65 mg/L, 34.94 mg/L initial RNO concentration for air-plasma and oxygen-plasma, respectively.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.226-233
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• 1999

An experimental study has been performed on natural convection heat transfer with a rapid crust formation in the molten metal pool of a low Prandtl number fluid. Two types of steady state tests, a low and high geometric aspect ratio cases in the molten metal pool, were performed. The crust thickness by solidification was measured 88 a function of boundary surface temperatures. The experimental results on the relationship between the Nusselt number and Rayleigh number In the molten metal pool with a crust formation were compared with existing correlations. The experimental study has shown that the bottom surface temperature of the molten metal layer, in all experiments. is the major influential parameter in the crust formation, duo to the natural convection flow. The Nusselt number of the case without a crust formation in the molten metal pool is greater than that of the case with the crust formation at the same Rayleigh number. The present experimental results on the relationship between the Nusselt number and Rayleigh number In the molten metal pool match well with Globe and Dropkin's correlation. From the experimental results, a now correlation between the Nusslet number and Rayleigh number in the molten metal pool with the crust formation was developed as $Nu=0.0923(Ra)^{0.302}$ ($2{\times}10^4< Ra<2{\times}10^7$).

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.640-645
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• 2010

This paper describes the power generating property of hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods on a flexible polyethersulfone (PES) substrate. The piezoelectric currents generated by the ZnO nanorods were measured when bending the ZnO nanorod by using I-AFM, and the measured piezoelectric currents ranged from 60 to 100 pA. When the PtIr coated tip bends a ZnO nanorod, piezoelectrical asymmetric potential is created on the nanorod surface. The Schottky barrier at the ZnO-metal interface accumulates elecntrons and then release very quickly generating the currents when the tip moves from tensile to compressed part of ZnO nanorod. These ZnO nanorods were grown almost vertically with the length of 300-500 nm and the diameter of 30-60 nm on the Ag/Ti/PES substrate at $90^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours by hydrothermal method. The metal-semiconductor interface property was evaluated by using a HP 4145B Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer and the piezoelectric effect of the ZnO nanorods were evaluated by using an I-AFM. From the measured I-V characteristics, it was observed that ZnO-Ag and ZnO-Au metal-semiconductor interfaces showed an ohmic and a Schottky contact characteristics, respectively. ANSYS finite element simulation was performed in order to understand the power generation mechanism of the ZnO nanorods under applied external stress theoretically.