Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers (대한전기학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Power Generating Characteristics of Zinc Oxide Nanorods Grown on a Flexible Substrate by a Hydrothermal Method

  • Choi, Jae-Hoon (School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • You, Xueqiu (School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Chul (Department of Micro/Nano Systems, Korea University) ;
  • Park, Jung-Il (School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Pak, James Jung-Ho (School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University)
  • Received : 2010.03.23
  • Accepted : 2010.07.21
  • Published : 2010.11.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper describes the power generating property of hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods on a flexible polyethersulfone (PES) substrate. The piezoelectric currents generated by the ZnO nanorods were measured when bending the ZnO nanorod by using I-AFM, and the measured piezoelectric currents ranged from 60 to 100 pA. When the PtIr coated tip bends a ZnO nanorod, piezoelectrical asymmetric potential is created on the nanorod surface. The Schottky barrier at the ZnO-metal interface accumulates elecntrons and then release very quickly generating the currents when the tip moves from tensile to compressed part of ZnO nanorod. These ZnO nanorods were grown almost vertically with the length of 300-500 nm and the diameter of 30-60 nm on the Ag/Ti/PES substrate at $90^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours by hydrothermal method. The metal-semiconductor interface property was evaluated by using a HP 4145B Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer and the piezoelectric effect of the ZnO nanorods were evaluated by using an I-AFM. From the measured I-V characteristics, it was observed that ZnO-Ag and ZnO-Au metal-semiconductor interfaces showed an ohmic and a Schottky contact characteristics, respectively. ANSYS finite element simulation was performed in order to understand the power generation mechanism of the ZnO nanorods under applied external stress theoretically.

Keywords

References

  1. U. Ozgur, Ya. I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M. A. Reshchikov, S. Dogan, V. Avrutin, S. -J. Cho, and H. Morkoc, “A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices”, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol.98, p.041301, Aug. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1992666
  2. Michael H. Huang, Samuel Mao, Henning Feick, Haoquan Yan, Yiying Wu, Hannes Kind, Eicke Weber, Richard Russo, and Peidong Yang, “Room-temperature ultraviolet nanowire nanolasers”, Science, Vol.292, No.8, pp.1897-1899, June 2001. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1060367
  3. Yuko Satoh, Shigeo Ohshio, and Hidetoshi Saitoh, “Photoluminescence spectroscopy of highly oriented $Y_2O_3$:Tb crystalline whiskers”, Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, Vol.6, pp.215-218, Nov. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stam.2004.11.017
  4. Lionel Vayssieres, Karin Keis, Sten-Eric Lindquist, and Anders Hagfeldt, “Purpose-built anisotropic metal oxide material: 3D highly oriented microrod array of ZnO”, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol.105, pp.3350-3352, Mar. 2001. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp010026s
  5. Xiangyang Ma, Hui Zhang, Yujie Ji, Jin Xu, and Deren Yang, “Sequential occurrence of ZnO nanopaticles, nanorods, and nanotips during hydrothermal process in a dilute aqueous solution”, Materials Letters, Vol.59, pp.3393-3397, Jul. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2005.05.076
  6. Jiangtao Hu, TeriI Wang Odom, and charles M. Lieber, “Chemistry and physics in one dimension: synthesis and properties of nanowires and nanotubes”, Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol.32, No.5, pp.435-445, Sep. 1998. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar9700365
  7. Chun Cheng, Ming Lei, Lin Feng, Tai Lun Wong, K. M. Ho, Kwok Kwong Fung, Michael M. T. Loy, Dapeng Yu, and Ning Wang, “High-quality ZnO nanowire arrays directly fabricated from photoresists”, American Chemical Society Nano, Vol.3, No.1, pp.53-58, Dec. 2009.
  8. Jinhui Song, Jun Zhou, and Zhong Lin Wang, “Piezoelectric and semiconducting coupled power generating process of a single ZnO belt/wire. A technology for harvesting electricity from the environment”, Nano Letters, Vol.6, No.8, pp.1656-1662, Jul. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl060820v
  9. Min-Yeol Choi, Dukhyun Choi, Mi-Jin Jin, Insoo Kim, Sang-Hyeob Kim, Jae-Young Choi, Sang Yoon Lee, Jong Min Kim, and Sang-Woo Kim, “Mechanically powered transparent flexible charge-generating nanodevices with piezoelectric ZnO nanorods”, Advanced Materials, Vol.21, pp.2185-2189, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200803605
  10. Jaejin Song and Sangwoo Lim, “Effect of seed layer on the growth of ZnO nanorods”, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol.111, No.2, pp.596-600, Dec. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0655017
  11. Teng Ma, Min Guo, Mei Zhang, Yanjun Zhang, and Xidong Wang, “Density-controlled hydrothermal growth of well-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays”, Nanotechnology, Vol.18, p.035605, Jan. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/18/3/035605
  12. Lori E. Greene, Matt Law, Joshua Goldberger, Franklin Kim, Justin C. Johnson, Yanfeng Zhang, Richard J. Saykally, and Peidong Yang, “Low-temperature wafer-scale production of ZnO nanowire arrays”, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 42, pp. 3031-3034, Mar. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200351461
  13. E. H. Rhoderick and R. H. Williams, Monographs in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Oxford Science, Oxford), Vol.19, p.48, 1988.
  14. C. Q. Chen, Y. Shi, Y. S. Zhang, J. Zhu, and Y. J. Yan, “Size dependence of Young’s modulus in ZnO nanowires”, Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, p.075505, Feb. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.075505
  15. Woong Lee, Min-Chang Jeong and Jae-Min Myoung, “Fabrication and application potential of ZnO nanowires grown on GaAs(002) substrates by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition”, Nanotechnology, Vol.15, No.1, pp.254-259, Feb. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/15/3/003
  16. Yifan Gao, and Zhong Lin Wang, “Equilibrium Potential of Free Charge Carriers in a Bent Piezoelectric Semiconductive Nanowire”, Nano Letters, Vol. 9, pp.1103-1110, Mar. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl803547f

Cited by

  1. Single fiber UV detector based on hydrothermally synthesized ZnO nanorods for wearable computing devices vol.428, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.09.127
  2. Electrical properties of an individual ZnO micro/nanorod vol.79, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/79/1/012030
  3. Electrical properties of cellulose-based carbon fibers investigated using atomic force microscopy vol.22, pp.9, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-014-2130-x
  4. Formation of Well Aligned ZnO Nanorods Grown on Silicon Substrate by Chemical Bath Deposition Method vol.620, pp.1662-8985, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.620.356