• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 1986

보리밭의 잡초방제(雜草防除)를 위하여 몇 가지 겨엽처리형제초제(莖葉處理型除草劑)를 공시(供試)하여 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)를 보면 1. 공시약제중(供試藥劑中) 살초력(殺草力)은 Bromoxynil + MCPA와 Bromoxynil이 Ioxynil 보다는 효과적(效果的)이었다. 2. 이들 약제(藥劑)들의 시용량(제품)(施用量(製品))은 100g/10a 보다는 200g/10a 시용량(試用量)에서 살초효과(殺草效果)가 높았다. 3. 약제(藥劑)의 살포시기(撒布時期)는 이들 3엽제(葉劑) 모두 3월(月)보다는 4월(月) 초순(初旬)에 살포(撒布)되는 하잡초(夏雜草)도 방제(防除)할 수 있었기 때문이었다. 4. 보리 파종직후(播種直後) 토양처리제(土壤處理劑)로서 Butachlor를 처리(處理)하고 4월(月) 초(草)에 경엽처리제(莖葉處理劑)로서 Bromoxynil 이나 Bromonynil + MCPA를 처리(處理)한 구(區)에는 거의 완전방제(完全防除)가 가능(可能)하였다. 5. Bromoxynil+MCPA 약제(藥劑)로 30여(餘) 초종(草種)들의 살초력(殺草力)을 본 결과(結果) 주(主)로 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草)에 효과(效果)가 있어 답이작(畓裏作)보다는 전작맥류포(田作麥類圃)에 발생(發生)되는 잡초(雜草)를 대상(對象)으로 방제(防除)하는 것이 좋을 것으로 본다. 6. 잡초발생량(雜草發生量)(잡초건물중(雜草乾物重))과 보리 수량(收量)과의 회귀식(回歸式)은 y=593.112-0.41x(r=$-0.918^{**}$)로서 고도(高度)의 역상관(逆相關)을 보였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the positive or negative effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA) on the growth of several crops and weeds, by applying a seed soaking treatment, foliar treatment, and application timing, while comparing biological activity between ALA produced by chemical synthesis (Synthetic-ALA) and extracellularly-accumulated ALA by overexpressing the hemeA gene isolated from Bradyrhizobium japonicum(Bio-ALA). Seed soaking treatment of ALA in barley (five cultivars) and wheat (five cultivars) had not shown positive effects at lower concentrations, 0.05 to 0.5 mM as well as negative effects at higher concentrations, 1 to 30 mM. In rice, there also was no positive effect by seed soaking treatment of ALA at lower concentrations, although the rice became damaged by an application of 5 and 10 mM ALA. Growth in barley cultivars, Ganghossalbori, Naehanssalbori, Songhakbori, Saessalbori, and Daehossalbori were increased up to 14%, 19-51 %, 17-64%, 18-23%, and 22-38% by ALA foliar application at lower concentrations, 0.05 to 0.5 mM, respectively. On the other hand, the growth in barley cultivars was inhibited by ALA foliar application at higher concentrations. Barley responded more positively to ALA foliar application than wheat and rice. The growth stimulation caused by ALA seed soaking treatment was less than by ALA foliar treatment. ALA treatment at the 1.5-leaf stage increased growth of barley by 19-58%, while pretreatment to seeds, post-emergence treatment at 3 days after seeding, 3-leaf stages, and 5-leaf stages had not shown positive effects. Thus, the positive effects of ALA on barley were dependent greatly upon the timing of application and its concentration. Monocots weeds were more sensitive to ALA foliar treatment than dicotyledonous weeds. A monocot weed, Setaria viridis L. was the most susceptible plant to ALA while a dicotyledonous weed, Plantago asiatica L. was the most tolerant. No significant difference in biological activity between bio-ALA and synthetic ALA on barley, wheat, rice, and weed, Ixeris dentate tested was observed. Thus, ALA produced by microorganisms would be a potent substance to be used effectively in agricultural production.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.120-128
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• 1983

전국(全國) 맥류재배포장(麥類栽培圃場)의 전답(田畓) 및 각(各) 재배조건(載培條件)에 따른 잡초(雜草)의 발생(發生) 및 분포(分布)를 조사(調査)코자 1982 년(年) 월동전(越冬前) 12월(月)과 '83 월동후(越冬後) 3~4월(月)에 60 개군(個郡) 1,800 개(個) 지점(地點)을 대상(對象)으로 조사(調査)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 맥류재배포장(麥類栽培圃場)에 발생(發生)하는 주요(主要) 잡초(雜草)는 화본과(禾本科) 2종(種), 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草) 35종(種)이었으며, 이 중(中) 전작(田作)에 발생(發生)하는 것이 36종(種), 답리작(畓裏作)에 발생(發生)하는 것이 29종(種)이었다. 2. 생활형(生活型)으로 보면 월년생(越年生) 잡초(雜草)가 42~45%로 가장 많이 발생(發生)하였고 다음이 다년생(多年生), 일년생(一年生)의 순위(順位)였다. 3. 맥류재배포장(麥類栽培圃場)의 최우점(最優點) 잡초(雜草)는 전작(田作)에서 벌꽃과 독새풀이었고, 답리작(畓裏作)에서는 독새풀과 벼륙나물이었다. 4. 지역별(地域別) 잡초분포(雜草分布)는 어느 지역(地域)이나 월년생(越年生) 잡초(雜草)가 가장 많았는데 전작(田作)이 답리작(畓裏作)보다 또 남(南)쭉으로 갈수록 초종수(草種數) 많았다. 5. 재배(栽培) 양식별(樣式別) 잡초(雜草) 발생량(發生量)을 보면 관행파(慣行播)>광파(廣播)>휴립광산파(畦立廣散播)>협폭파(狹幅播)의 순서(順序)였고, 휴폭(畦幅)이 넓은 것이 잡초발생(雜草發生)이 많았다. 6. 무경운재배(無耕耘栽培)는 경운재배(耕耘栽培)보다 잡초발생수(雜草發生數)가 많았는데 월동전(越冬前)에는 일년생(一年生) 잡초(雜草)가 월동후(越冬後)에는 월년생(越年生) 잡초(雜草)가 많이 발생(發生)하였다. 7. 토양(土壤) 유형별(類型別)로 보면 전작(田作)에서는 사양토(砂壤土)와 양토(壤土)가, 답리작(畓裏作)에서는 보통답(普通畓)이 잡초발생량(雜草發生量)이 가장 많았다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.152-159
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• 1982

Isoproturon(N, N-dimethyl-N-4-isopropyl phenyl urea)의 효과적(効果的)인 사용방법(使用方法)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 처리시기별(處理時期別), 약량별(藥量別), 품종별(品種別), 토성차이(土性差異) 등에 따른 약해(藥害) 및 제초효과변동(除草效果變動)과 수량(收量)에 끼치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 최적처리시기(最適處理時期)는 월동후(越冬後) 경엽처리(莖葉處理)로써 독새폴은 3~4 엽기(葉期)가 보다 효과적(效果的)이며 그 후처리(後處理)는 다소(多少) 효과(効果)가 감소(減少)되었다. 그러나, 동계(冬季) 및 춘계발생(春季發生) 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草)에 대해서는 5~6 엽기(葉期)까지도 유효(有効)하였으며 갈퀴 덩쿨은 저항성초종(抵抗性草種)이었다. 2. 최적처리약량(最適處理藥量)은 240g~300g/10a 수준(水準)이었다. 3. 경엽처리(莖葉處理)에 의 한 맥류품종문(麥類品種問)의 내약성(耐藥性) 차이(差異)를 보면 공시(供試)한 11 품종(品種) 중(中) 소맥(小麥)(율밀, 조광(早光))과 호맥(胡麥)에서 보다 안전성(安全性)이 높았다. 4. 월동후(越冬後) 경엽처리시(莖葉處理時)에는 토성(土性)의 차이(差異)에 따른 약해(藥害) 및 약효변동(藥效變動)이 적고 시용약량(施用藥量)의 폭(幅)이 비교적(比較的) 넓었다. 5. 보리 수량(收量)에 있어서는 월동후(越冬後) 경엽처리시(莖葉處理時) 240~300g/10a 처리구(處理區)에서 다른 처리구(處理區)보다 더 높았다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.230-260
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• 1992

The paper was reviewed the research results on weed dynamics and effective control methods in direct-seeded rice crop. Direct seeding method resulted in drastic increment of weed growth compared to transplanting method and also changed in troublesome weed flora. Two to three fold more weeds were harvested at the direct seeded rice and weed flora of dominant species shifted toward $C_4$type grass weeds. Some of the important troublesome weeds in direct seeded rice were Echinochloa crus-galle, Oryza saliva ssp spontanea, Leptochloa chinensis. Setaria viridus. Digitaria adsendens, Sesbania exaltata, Aeschynomene indica, Algae, etc. Yield loss due to weed competiton was about 40-60% for water-seeded and about 70-100% for dry-seeded rice while these for transplanted rice were about 25-35% for mechanical transplanting and about 10-20% for manual transplanting, respectively. Integrated weed management concept was neede to approach weed control effectively. Several cultural technologies were very effective to suppress the weed growth. These were tillage operation, water management, seeding date and seeding rate. Crop residues of barley, rice, wheat, oat and italian ryegrass were also effectivly suppressed the paddy weeds particularly to Potamogeton distiuctus, a perennial broadleaf weed. A pathogen of Epicoccosorus nematosporus identified from Eleocharis kuroguwai was an excellent potential bioagent to control the most troublesome perennial sedge weed of E. Kuroguwai without arising any detrimental effect. The herbicidal efficacy of this pathogen was as high as bentazon herbicide. Plant growth regulator of paclobutrazol (pp-333) was another possible alternative to reduce the herbicide use. In current, herbicide exhibited the most conspicuous results to control weeds in direct-seeded rice even though the application technologies were not fully established. Recommendations for herbicide application were suggested for in both water-and dry-seeded rice in USA, Japan and Korea, respectively. To make better and comprehensive recommendations further studies on weed ecology and herbicide development were emphasized.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.437-444
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• 2011

The object of this experiment was to investigate the food habits of sika deer fed with various roughage sources. The experimental trials were conducted at Unbong Animal Genetic Resources Station in 2008. The experimental roughages include five sources and 25 species in all; grasses and legumes: 5 species (mixed grasses, orchardgrass, tall fescue, alfalfa, white clover), native grasses and weeds: 5 species (mixed native grasses, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, barnyard grass, short awn, forage crops (hay, silages and straw): 5 species (barley + hairy vetch, Wheat + hairy vetch, rye silage, barley silage, baled rice straw), browse and fallen leaves: 5 species (mixed browse, oriental white oak, Quercus serrta Thunb., oriental cherry fallen leaves, Japanese chestnut fallen leaves), and imported hays and straws: 5 species (timothy hay, tall fescue straw, annual ryegrass straw, klinegrass hay, alfalfa hay). Five sika deer were used as experimental animals and the averaged body weight was 95+5.4kg. The chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of each roughage source and species were significantly different at the sampling area, plant species, growth stages and cutting period(p<0.05). The sika deer ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. Among all the 25 species of roughages, the favorite intake roughage sources ranking by sika deer was observed like this: browse and fallen leaves (32.2%), grass and legumes (27.0%), native grasses and weeds (22.0%), imported hays (12.9%) and forages crops (5.5%) respectively. Although, the sika deer ate more browse leaves, but ate more roughage which had low fibrous contents (NDF and ADF), but high drymatter digestibility. On the other hand, compared to each roughage source, total intake amount by sika deer was showed as browse and fallen leaves (32.2%). Based on the result, the food habit of sika deer seems to be closer to the typical browser.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.412-420
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• 2010

잡초는 농업생태계에서 경합에 의하여 막대한 피해를 입히며, 환경 및 인류의 부정적인 관심 때문에 잡초를 방제하기 위하여 사용되고 있는 합성 제초제에 대한 의존도를 줄이려는 노력이 전 세계적으로 이루어지고 있다. 이와 같은 관점에서 수수 추출물의 일종인 sorgoleone의 제초활성과 작물 선택성을 온실과 포장조건에서 검정하였다. Sorgoleone은 토양처리와 경엽처리에서 모두 높은 효과를 나타냈는데 화본과 잡초보다 광엽잡초에서 효과가 높았다. 온실조건에서 대부분 광엽잡초의 생장은 Sorgoleone $200\;{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$에서 80%이상 억제되었고, 소리쟁이와 갈퀴덩굴은 완전히 고사되었다. 포장조건에서도 sorgoleone의 제초활성은 광엽잡초에 가장 우수하였고, 방동사니, 화본과 잡초 순이었다. 포장조건에서 잡초생장 억제정도는 전반적으로 온실조건보다 다소 낮은 경향이었다. 벼, 보리, 밀, 옥수수, 콩, 들깨, 토마토와 배추에서는 sorgoleone에 의한 생장억제는 거의 없었으나 상추와 오이는 생장이 억제되었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 1981

1981년(年) 전국(全國) 1,760개소(個所)에서 작부양식별(作付樣式別), 답유형별(畓類型別)로 논 잡초분포(雜草分布)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 1. 조사(調査)된 초종(草種)은 화본과(禾本科) 2종(種), 방동산이과(科) 7종(種), 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草) 18종(種)이었다. 2. 초종분포(草種分布)와 다년생잡초(多年生雜草)의 분포비율(分布比率)은 중북부지역(中北部地域)이 남부지역(南部地域)보다 많았다. 3. 우점도(優占度)가 높은 잡초(雜草)는 물달개비 벗풀, 가래, 올미, 너도방동산이 등(等)이고 4. 1모작답(毛作畓)은 2모작답(毛作畓)보다 잡초발생량(雜草發生量)이 많고 5. 1모작답(毛作畓) 중(中)에서도 춘경답(春耕畓)에서 추경답(秋耕畓)보다 잡초발생량(雜草發生量)이 많으며 6. 2모작답(毛作畓) 중(中)에서도 맥류재배답(麥類栽培畓)에서 채소재배답(菜蔬栽培畓)보다 잡초발생량(雜草發生量)이 많았다. 염해답(鹽害畓)과 습답(濕畓)에서 보통답(普通畓)에서보다 잡초발생량(雜草發生量)이 많았고 어느 답조건(畓條件)에서나 1년생(年生)보다 다년생잡초(多年生雜草)의 발생량(發生量)이 많았다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2011

The object of this experiment was to investigate the food habits of Korean native goats fed with various roughage sources. The experimental trials were conducted at Unbong Animal Genetic Resources Station in 2008. The experimental roughages include five sources and 25 species in all; grasses and legumes: 5 species (mixed grasses, orchardgrass, tall fescue, alfalfa, white clover), native grasses and weeds: 5 species (mixed native grasses, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Barnyard grass, short awn, forage crops and straw: 5 species (barley + hairy vetch, wheat + hairy vetch, rye silage, barley silage, baled rice straw), browse and fallen leaves: 5 species (Mixed browse, Oriental white oak, Quercus serrta Thunb., Oriental cherry fallen leaves, Japanese chestnut fallen leaves), and imported hay and straw: 5 species(timothy hay, tall fescue straw, annual ryegrass straw, klinegrass hay, alfalfa hay). Ten Korean native goats were selected which had nearly the same body weight (average $24{\pm}2.8$ kg). The chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of each roughage source and species were significantly different at the sampling area, plant species, growth stages and cutting period (p<0.05). Among all the 25 species of roughages, the favorite intake species order by Korean native goat was observed like this: Quercus aliena, Querancas serrta Thunb and Mixed browse, which was a lower intake compared to other domestic herbivores. The Korean native goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. The Korean native goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. On the other hand, compared to each roughage source, total intake amount by Korean native goats was showed as browse and fallen leaves (33.1%) among trials roughage sources. Based on these results, the food habit of Korean native goats seems to be closer to the browser.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2009

본 연구에 이용될 공시시료는 2007년과 2008년에 걸쳐 채집되었으며, 기호성 조사는 2008년 6월 21일 수행하였다. 공시시료는 화본과와 두과목초(passes and legumes)류는 mixed passes, orchardgrass, tall fescue, alfalfa 및 white clover 의 5종, 야초와 잡초(native grasses 및 weeds)류는 mixed native grasses, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, barnyard grass 및 short awn의 5종, 사료작물과 볏짚(forage crops and straw)류는 barley +hairy vetch, wheat + hairy vetch, rye silage, barley silage 및 baled rice straw의 5종, 수염과 낙엽(browse and fallen leaves)류는 mixed browse, oriental white oak browse, Quercus serrta Thunb. oriental cherry fallen leaves 및 Japanese chestnut fallen leaves의 5종, 그리고 수입건초(imported hay and straw)류로 timothy, tall fescue hay, annual ryegrass, klinegrass 및 alfalfa의 5종 등 총 25종을 공시하였다. 공시축은 유산양(Saanen 우, 평균체중 $25{\pm}2.1kg$) 10두를 공시하였고, 시험은 유산양은 충남 금산군 추부면 유산양목장에서 수행하였다. CP, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin 함량및 IVDMD는 채취장소, 초종, 생육단계 및 예취시기에 따라 조사료원별로 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 유산양은 혼합목초(mixed grasses) 와 두과목초인 화이트 클로버(white clover)나알팔파(alfalfa) 등을 즐겨 채식하였으나, 콘포볏짚(baled rice straw)이나 호밀 사일리지 (rye silage) 등은 거의 채식하지 않았다. 유산양이 즐겨 채식한 조사료원은 NDF나 ADF와 같은 섬유소물질의 함량이 낮은 반면에 IVDMD는 높은 조사료를 주로 선택하여 채식하는 습성을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 유산양(Saanen)은 화본과 와 두과목초(34.6%)를 가장 즐겨 채식하였던 것으로 보아 초류채식형 (grazers)에 가까운 것을 재확인하였다.