• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.138-143
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• 2006

Our continuing interest on Garcinia and Mesua species has led us to carry out a detail study on the chemistry of the root bark of Garcinia mangostana (Guttiferae) since this part of the plant has not been investigated before, and the strm bark of Mesua corneri (Guttiferae) an uninvestigated species. This study has yielded six xanthones, ${\alpha}-mangostin$ (1), ${\beta}-mangostin$ (2), ${\gamma}-mangostin$ (3), garcinone-D (4), mangostanol (5) and gartanin (6) from Garcinia mangostana and two xanthones rubraxanthone (7) and inophyllin B (8) from Mesua corneri. Structural elucidations were achieved using $^1H,\;^{13}C$ NMR and MS data. The crude hexane and chloroform extracts of the root bark of Garcinia mangostana and the hexane extract of the stem bark of Mesua corneri were found to be active against CEM-SS cell lines with $IC_{50}$ values less than $30\;{mu}g/ml$. Moreover, ${\gamma}-mangostin$ gave a very low $LC_{50}$ value of $4.7\;{mu}g/ml$ while rubraxanthone gave an $LC_{50}$ value of $5.0\;{mu}g/ml$ indicating these two compounds to be potential lead compounds for anti-cancer activity against the CEM-SS cell line. This paper reports the isolation and identification of these compounds as well as bioassay data for the crude extracts, ${\gamma}-mangostin$ and rubraxanthone.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권4호
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• pp.470-478
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• 2010

고로쇠 및 우산고로쇠나무의 각 부위별 UV보호능에 의한 피부미백과 피부면역활성에 대해 연구하였다. 고로쇠 및 우산고로쇠나무의 수피 부위는 다른 부위의 2.67% 그리고 2.45%보다 높은 추출 수율을 나타내었다. 섬유아세포인 CCD-986sk에 대한 세포독성 결과 1.0 mg/mL의 농도에서 21.64%보다 낮은 세포독성을 보였다. 고로쇠나무 수피 추출물은 UV를 조사한 CCD-986sk 세포에서 30%이하의 MMP-1 발현을 억제하였다. 1.0 mg/mL의 고로쇠 수피 추출물의 경우 $PGE_2$ 발현이 상당히 감소되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 일반적으로 고로쇠 및 우산고로쇠나무의 수피 추출물이 다른 부위보다 높은 활성을 보이는데 반해 흥미롭게도 우산고로쇠나무의 목부 추출물은 Clone-M3세포에서 79.25%의 높은 멜라닌 생성저해 활성을 보였다. 이러한 결과로부터 고로쇠 및 우산고로쇠 수피 추출물이 목부 추출물에 비해 높은 향장활성을 보임을 확인할 수 있었고, 이들 추출물이 피부미백과 피부면역활성을 가짐으로서 앞으로 향장소재로서의 개발 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2009

To obtain the information on antioxidant activity by harvesting parts and time in Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau, total phenolic contents, flavonoid contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) like activity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity of methanol extracts from Cudrania tricuspidata were investigated. Total phenolic contents was the highest in leaf [$30.2{\sim}38.8\;mg/g$ dry weight (DW)] and followed by root bark, stem bark, fruit, root except bark and stem except bark. Among harvesting time, total phenolic contents of leaf was the highest as $38.1{\sim}38.8\;mg/g$ DW in May and June, and then decreased to October. Root bark harvested in April and May contained $26.6{\sim}27.8\;mg/g$ DW total phenolic compounds and total phenolic content fell to a very low values at 1.8 mg/g DW in February. Flavonoid contents was very high in leaf and root bark. Especially, root bark harvested in April had the highest of flavonoid contents as 23.2 mg/g DW. As a result of simple linear regression analysis of total phenolic contents on flavonoid contents according to harvesting parts, it showed a high correlation (p < 0.001) with $0.57{\sim}0.97\;R^2$ (coefficient of determination). As $RC_{50}$ value, that was, the concentration of sample required for 50% reduction of DPPH absorbance, was $13.7{\sim}20.5\;{\mu}g/mL$ in leaf so DPPH radical scavenging activity was very high. But SOD like activity of $1,000\;{\mu}g$ extract/mL MeOH was a low value of $0.3{\sim}9.2%$ in all samples.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2005

Chestnut bark extract by methanol repressed the expression of tyrosinase gene of B16 mouse melanoma cell containing tyrosinase promoter. $10{\mu}g/ml{\ell}\;100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $1mg/m{\ell}$ of the extract repressed expression of tyrosinase gene about $38\%,\;47\%,\;and\;78\%$, respectively, compared with control. In the MTT assay, the same extract exhibited very low cytotoxicity at $1{\mu}g/m{\ell},\;10{\mu}g/m{\ell},\;100{\mu}g/m{\ell},\;and\;1mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. The fractions of Methylene chloride and ethyl acetate did not showed the repressive effect on the expression of tyrosinase gene, but the fraction of butyl alcohol repressed highly at $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}\;and\;100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$.

• 생약학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 1998

Seven antioxidative compounds were isolated from chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of the stem bark of Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae). They were identified as rhamnazin (1), rhamnetin (2), naringenin (3), eriodictyol (4), quercetin (5), taxifolin (6) and dihydrokaempferol-3-rhamnoside (7) on the basis of various spectroscopic analyses. These compounds inhibited lipid peroxidation with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.08-30 ${\mu}g/ml$.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.474-479
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• 2009

Pinus koraiensis inner bark was collected and extracted with 95% ethanol. The extracts were concentrated and then sequentially fractionated using n-hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, and $H_2O$ to be freeze dried. A portion of EtOAc fraction (6.6 g) was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using aqueous methanol to isolate (+)-catechin (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), and trans-pinostilbenoside (3). Resveratrol (4) and trans-pinostilbene (5) were isolated by column chromatography using EtOH-hexane mixture after purification with aqueous methanol. The structures of these stilbenosides and flavans were characterized by spectroscopic tools using NMR and MS.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.480-485
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• 2009

Juglans mandshurica bark was collected and extracted with 70% aqueous acetone. The extracts were concentrated and then sequentially fractionated using n-hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, and $H_2O$ to be freeze dried. A portion of $H_2O$ fraction was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using aqueous methanol to isolate (S)-2,3-HHDP-D-glucopyranoside (1). Some of EtOAc fraction was also treated on a Sephadex LH-20 column using aqueous methanol and EtOH-hexane mixture to purify pedunculagin (2). The structures of these two epimeric ellagitannins were elucidated by spectroscopic tools, NMR and MS.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.81-93
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• 1996

To elucidate the structure of procyanidin in Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.), bark, the extractives were extracted with acetone-water mixture(7:3, v/v) from inner bark of Korean red pine. The extracts separated three fractions which were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction. The extracting solvents were chloroform and ethyl acetate and water. The part of ethylacetate soluble was chromatographed by liquid chromatography. The ethylacetate soluble portion yielded four natural procyanidin dimers, two known epicatechin-($4{\beta}{\rightarrow}6$)-catechin, catechin-($4{\alpha}{\rightarrow}8$)-catechin and two unknown catechin-($4{\beta}{\rightarrow}6$)-catechin and conformational isomer of epicatechin-($4{\alpha}{\rightarrow}6$)-catechin. The additional catechins was also isolated. The structures of these procyanidins were elucidated by their $^{13}C$-NMR spectra.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.93-96
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• 2008

The ethanolic extract of Ficus racemosa Lin. (Moraceae) bark and fruit were tested for its possible antinociceptive activity study on acetic acid induced writhing method in mice. Both the bark and fruit extracts at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight showed significant antinociceptive activity on the experimental animals. The fruit extract showed most potent inhibition of acetic acid induced writhing in mice (61.38%, P < 0.001) where as the bark extract showed inhibition only 42.6% (P < 0.001) and all the result were statistically significant.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1998

In order to reconstruct the traditional technology of Korean golden varnish(Hwangchil) made from the exudates of D. morbifera, this study in the second step was carried out to analyze the chemical composition and oil properties of the exudates for coatings and bark extractives made from the trees of D. morbifera more than 20 years old grown in Wando and Jejudo islands in the southwestern part of Korean peninsula according to the physiological seasons. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The exudates appeared to be a phytoalexin because it exudated after several days in tapping only in summer season. 2. Both the exudates and bark-extracts with acetone contained 50~60% unsaponifiables and 30~50% saponifiables 3. A major component of essential oil in bark-extractives was ${\beta}$-cubebene and reached to 60~80%, while that of exudates included only 34% ${\beta}$-cubebene and some other compounds such as ${\beta}$-cadinene of 12%, aromadendrene of 9%, ${\beta}$-selinene of 9%, CAS030021-74-0 of 10%, etc. in GC-MS spectrometer. 4. A mjor component of fatty oil fraction in bark-extractives was linoleic acid and reached to more than 60%, while the exudates had mostly other components such as terpenes and phenolics instead of fatty acids accordint to GC-MS spectrometer. 5. Iodine value of samples after oil refining had 214mg/g in the exudates and more than than 150mg/g in bark-extractives, so the latter belonged to a drying oil.. 6. Therefore, the exudates from D. morbifera for traditional Korean golden varnish seems to have beeen used to a good varnish because it has some specific compounds different from its bark-extractives or general varnishes.