• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.13-16
• /
• 1998

From mulberry root bark of 13 various varieties, ${\gamma}$-Aminnobutyric acid(GABA) contents were examined on HPLC analyzer. GABA contents in mulberry root bark were affected by genotypes. Average GABA content of the 13 mulberry varieties was 2.19 mg/gDW. GABA content of the varieties ranged from 1.70 to 2.62 mg/gDW. Among the three genotypes, GABA content of the Morus Lhou was higher than the other genotype. In GABA content Hongolppong was the highest with 2.62 mg/gDW on the 13 varieties of mulberry root bark.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.99 no.5
• /
• pp.706-710
• /
• 2010

Understanding of chemical composition and energy contents in tree is important to develope strategies of renewable energy policy to cope with climate change. Residual biomass as renewable energy source was evaluated and focused on the bark-containing branches. Chemical analysis studies were conducted for different part of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), which were partitioned to inner bark, outer bark, small branches, medium branches, big branches and trunk. The variations in hydrophobic extractives, hydrophilic extractives, lignin, carbohydrate compositions, energy contents (higher heating value) and the ash content were determined. The inner and outer bark had higher ash content, hydrophobic and hydrophilic extractives content, and higher energy content than those of tree trunk. Polysaccharides content in inner and outer bark was quite lower than those of stem or branches. Based on the energy content of residual biomass, replacement of fossil fuel and greenhouse gas emission abatement were calculated.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.890-896
• /
• 2016

Paulownia tomentosa is one of fast-growing wood species in Korea. In order to evaluate the solid bioenergy properties of Paulownia tree, this study examined the heating value, moisture content (MC), pH and proximate analysis of stem, branch, root, bark and leaf. The heating values of wood parts were slightly higher than those of bark and leaf, and that of branch was the highest among all the samples. The higher moisture content of bark and leaf referred to their lower heating value. Also, the pH of stem, branch and root was similar and lower than those of bark and leaf. The ash content of bark and leaf was much higher than that of wood parts, which is the one of the reasons for effect on the lower heating value and higher pH. While, the volatile matter content (VMC) of bark and leaf was lower than those of wood parts. The bark showed the highest fixed carbon content (FCC), while the FCC of stem was the lowest among all the samples. The obtained results are encouraging that the Paulownia tree could be totally utilized as alternative fuels for bioenergy production.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.27-43
• /
• 2016

We conducted comparative analysis on the quality characteristics five different classes of the Songgi (Pine inner bark) Garaetteok with different pine inner bark 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, respectively. The experiment results show that color values of the Songgi Garaetteok pine inner bark powder, the L value highest in control group 72.91 while a value was highest in 4% group. As a result of measurements for three days, the moist content for control group and 1% group 48.89 and 51.65, respectively two hours production. On day 1, the moist content of all samples peaked. Harness peaked in control group 954.13, followed by 4% group. The DPPH radical scavenging ability of pine inner bark powder and the Songgi Garaetteok containing 4% pine inner bark highest at 11.61% and 7.14%, respectively. In evaluating antibiosis, the Songgi Garaetteok containing 4% pine inner bark the highest level of antibacterial activity. In sensory evaluation, the Songgi Garaetteok containing 2% pine inner bark received the highest score color, flavor, texture, taste and overall preference. The experiment that the Songgi Garaetteok pine inner bark powder has better antioxidative effect regular Songgi Garaetteok. Therefore, the Songgi Garaetteok 2% pine inner bark powder the most desirable of the Songgi Garaetteok containing pine inner bark.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.82 no.2
• /
• pp.122-127
• /
• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate characteristics related to lacquer yield and to evaluate possibility of indirect selection of Rhus verniciflua Stokes. Twenty-four lacquer trees were randomly selected for measuring growth, urushiol content and bark thickness. Urushiol content showed a significant positive correlation with outer bark thickness and secretory canal density at 1% level, and with inner bark thickness at 5% level. Bark thickness and secretory canal density could be used as indicators for high urushiol content within bark and thus for high lacquer yield. Mass selection for high lacquer yield was made based on urushiol content within bark. Sixteen individuals with the highest urushiol content value were selected for breeding. As expected, the selected trees had thicker bark, higher density of secretory canal, better developed secretory canals compare to the non-selected lacquer trees.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.28-33
• /
• 1994

The chemical compositions of pine bark from mechanical pulp industry were determined, and effect of Ca base acid sulfite on bark cooking was investigated under various conditions. The pine bark was composed of 39.5 % alkali extractives, 50.3 % lignin, and a small amount of carbohydrate. The contents of alkali extractives and lignin were remarkably higher than those of pine wood. The bark was composed of high content of arabinose and xylose, while the wood was composed of high content of mannose. When pine bark was cooked with 75 % free acid at 145 $^{\circ}C$, the rate of cooking and delignification was improved with the increase of total acid, but it was very difficult to delignify the bark by 50 % and over under these conditions. In the presence of 60~65 % free acid and at 155~165 $^{\circ}C$, initial cooking rate, delignification, and delignification selectivity were considerably increased, but condensation reaction of lignin was considerable at the end of cooking. Therefore, it was shown that pine bark was very difficult to delignify by the Ca-base acid sulfite cooking.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.74-82
• /
• 2011

The bast fiber of Paper mulberry has been generally used as a fibrous raw material in traditional Hanji-making. Nowadays, its uses is expanded to different special purposes such as paper mulberry yarn, laminated paper, antimicrobial paper depending on its application. Despite the wide array of the use of mulberry fibers, it is still limited due to some difficulties in the automation process of manufacturing works. This study is focused on the analysis of chemical components and morphological properties of paper mulberry bark for the automation of bark peeling process. The bast tissue of paper mulberry was separated in three plies; black outer layer, green inner layer, and white inner layer. The total lignin content, holocelluloses, extractives and ashes, and the anatomical structure of the three layers in mulberry bark tissue were investigated. The analysis showed that the black outer layer is composed of about 50% of total lignin content, whereas the white inner layer is composed of about 90% of holocellulose content.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.341-348
• /
• 2018

This study was carried out to obtain the basic informations for phenolic compounds by various sections of Acanthopanacis Caulis. The phenolic compounds of Korean Acanthopanacis bark and lignum (Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus, Acanthopanax koreanum) were measured by the HPLC analysis. The content of total phenolic components of Acanthopanax koreanum bark (1.532%) was about 9.9 times higher than that of Acanthopanax koreanum lignum (0.155%). And also, The content of total phenolic components of Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus bark (0.420%) was about 2.8 times higher than that of Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus lignum (0.149%). Eleutheroside E, a functional ingredient of Acanthopanacis Caulis, showed 3.6 times higher contents of Acanthopanax koreanum bark (0.144%) than Acanthopanax koreanum lignum (0.040%). In the case of Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus bark (0.129%), the content of the eleutheroside E was 1.7 times higher than that of the Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus lignum (0.074%).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.90-97
• /
• 1988

The rate of utilization of the oak cork (bark of Quercus variabilis Blume) ranges only 40-50%. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the chemical properties of the oak cork for increasing the utility. 1) The contents of alkali extractives, organic solvent extractives and ash in the oak cork are similar to those of other barks, but hot and cold water extractives and lignin contents are lower than those of the wood. The carbohydrate (cellulose and hemicellulose) content of the oak cork is similar to that of other barks. The suberin contents in the first and the second bark of the oak cork are 34.8 and 32.2% respectively, in the dry weight. 2) Inorganic component contents of the first bark are similar to those of the second. The pH of the first and the second bark are 3.9 and 4.2%. The caloric values of the first and second bark are 6,263 Kcal/kg, and 5,828 Kcal/kg, respectively, and these caloric values are higher than those of other barks. The sclerencymatous cell content of the first bark which is related to the quality of the oak cork is lower than that of second bark, the contents of the sclerenchymatous cell and lignin show the positive correlation. 3) In the dimension of the cross sectioned cork cell, the first bark is bigger than that of the second. The shape of the cork cell is globular shape in the early bark and discoid shape in the late bark. The cross and the radial section are the same shape, but the tangential section shows difference from the other section.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.671-681
• /
• 2017

Oil palm trunk (OPT) is a potential source of biomass for the production of biopellet. In the present research, biopellet were prepared from the meristem part of 25 years old OPT with various percentages of its bark (0, 10, and 30%). The highest biopellet durability was found for biopellet produced at $130^{\circ}C$ of pelletizing temperature with 30% bark content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of biopellet showed the weak of particle bonding due to the low pelletizing pressure. The moisture content, unit density, ash content, and caloric value of OPT-based pellets were 3.55-5.35%, $525.56-855.23kg/m^3$, 2.76-3.44%, and 17.89-19.14 MJ/kg, respectively. The combustion profiles obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) seemed to be unaffected by the bark content on. Differential thermal analysis of TGA curve indicated different pyrolysis characteristic of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin.