• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 2009

Electrowinning process recovers uranium with actinide elements from spent fuels and is a key step in the Pyroprocessing because of proliferation resistance. An analysis of heat transfer of the Electrowinning cell was conducted to develop basic tool for designing engineering-scale Electrowinner. For the calculation of the heat transfer, ANSYS CFX commercial code was adapted. As a result of the calculation, the vertical Heating Zone length had great effect upon temperature of LiCl-KCl eutectic salt. To maintain constant temperature in the salt, the Heating Zone length should be three times longer than the height of the salt. However, the argon and salt temperatures were barely affected by the Cooling Zone length. The temperature under the Cell cover was mainly influenced by the number of the cooling plates. When the cooling plates were installed more than the number of 5, temperature under the cover was maintained below $250^{\circ}C$. These temperature properties had similar tendency toward the temperature of the Cell which was measured from experiments, Simulated heat transfer information from this study could be used to design engineering-scale Electrowinner.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.170-176
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• 2018

Laboratory inspection and diagnosis is a means of investigating and assessing various hazards or the state of research equipment in a laboratory, then taking appropriate safety measures to prevent accidents and injury. In many cases, laboratory inspection and diagnosis carried out by agencies are performed in a perfunctory manner that only barely satisfies the legal requirements. The aim of the present study is to provide clearly established pricing criteria for laboratory inspection and diagnosis, so as to prevent recurrence of laboratory accidents and to establish a safe laboratory environment. In order to clarify previously unclear matters, such as the lower limit for bids submitted by laboratory inspection and diagnosis agencies, technical manpower requirements, and number of laboratories inspected and diagnosed per day, a questionnaire survey was administered to agency personnel. First, when asked what the lower limit for bids submitted by agencies should be in order to improve reliability of inspection and diagnosis results and make up for the shortcomings of the lowest-bidder-wins system, 85.5% of respondents answered that the lower limit for bids should stand at no lower than 90% of the estimated price. The level of technical expertise among the technical personnel committed to laboratory inspection and diagnosis was shown to impact the reliability of results, and questionnaire results indicated a need to vary technical expertise levels depending on the degree of hazard, substances handled, and equipment used in a given laboratory. Level of technical expertise(67.1%) and number of personnel(52.6%) were shown to have a greater impact on reliability of diagnosis than on reliability of inspection. According to the results, it is determined that three persons(specialist, advanced and intermediate) should be committed to inspections, while four persons(professional, specialist, advanced and intermediate) should be committed to diagnoses. The respondents indicated a larger number of laboratories could be inspected than diagnosed per day. This can be attributed to differences in the amount of work each task involves, and the time each task takes. Assuming a six-hour work day not counting transportation, paperwork and rest, it is thought that inspection of up to 36 laboratories will be possible if each laboratory is assigned no more than 10 minutes(34.7%), while up to 24 laboratories could be inspected and diagnosed if each laboratory is assigned 15 to 20 minutes(35.1%).

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.303-309
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the changes in the components of unfermented Gongjin-dan (GD) and fermented Gongjin-dan (FGD) and to confirm whether GD or FGD has an inhibitory effect on viral neuraminidase (NA) activity. A major component of FGD was isolated and identified as nodakenetin, which is the aglycone of nodakenin. After fermentation, the nodakenetin content in FGD was approximately 10-fold higher than that in GD. Then, we examined the viral NA-inhibitory activity of GD, FGD, nodakenin, and nodakenetin. At a concentration of 500 ㎍/ml, FGD inhibited viral NA activity by 92% compared to the DMSO-treated control, while GD barely inhibited viral NA activity. In addition, 250 ㎍/ml of nodakenetin inhibited viral NA activity by 68% compared to the control, while nodakenin inhibited viral NA activity by only 4% at the same concentration as nodakenetin. Collectively, these results suggest that FGD has a more remarkable viral NA-inhibitory activity than GD because the content of the anti-viral component nodakenetin was higher in FGD due to the hydrolysis of nodakenin by Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC 3104.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.444-451
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• 2016

Most research on membrane fouling models in the past are based on theoretical equations in lab-scale experiments. But these studies are barely suitable for applying on the full-scale spot where there is a sequential process such as filtration, backwash and drain. This study was conducted in submerged membrane system which being on operation auto sequentially and treating wastewater from G-water purification plant in Incheon. TMP had been designated as a fouling indicator in constant flux conditions. Total volume of inflow and SS concentration are independent variables as major operation parameters and time-series analysis and prediction of TMP were conducted. And similarity between simulated values and measured values was assessed. Final prediction model by using genetic algorithm was fully adaptable because simulated values expressed pulse-shape periodicity and increasing trend according to time at the same time. As results of twice validation, correlation coefficients between simulated and measured data were $r^2=0.721$, $r^2=0.928$, respectively. Although this study was conducted limited to data for summer season, the more amount of data, better reliability for prediction model can be obtained. If simulator for short range forecast can be developed and applied, TMP prediction technique will be a great help to energy efficient operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.21-52
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• 2019

This study focused on the domestic hospital libraries, the policies and support projects for them, and the current operation status of them. To this end, a list of hospital libraries was established and the operation status was investigated by conducting telephone interviews with 73 libraries collected. As a result, it was found that hospital libraries were established through support projects of other institutions (foundations, enterprises, etc.) rather than by the parent institutions, most of which were barely maintained except for certain actively operated ones. In terms of space, hospital libraries equipped with independent space were mostly operated on a small scale, and bookshelves were deployed in space for other purposes such as lounge and hallway. In terms of operation, a dedicated department or personnel for the library operation hardly existed, and more than half of them did not purchase additional books, simply maintaining the donated books at the time of the establishment. It was also shown that for services and programs, only booklending services are provided, except for a few libraries. Therefore, national policies and support will be needed to revitalize hospital libraries in the future, and the government needs to seek ways to continuously operate them through links with local representative libraries and public libraries.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.751-759
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• 2016

It is known that the poor soil fertility of newly reclaimed saline soils is due to the lack of organic matter and available mineral nutrients for crop production. The effect of green manuring with Sesbania aculeata in combination with five rates of urea-N treatments (N0. N25, N50, N75, N100) on the productivity of a subsequent whole-crop barley and the fertility of the reclaimed saline soil in Saemangeum was evaluated in the field during 2013-2014 growing season. Sesbania was grown during summer season (June to October). The amount of Sesbania incorporated was $16.2Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Sesbania contributed to $393kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ to the soils when ploughed down and incorporated before whole-crop barley cultivated. The performances of whole-crop barley following sesbania incorporation were significantly affected by a combination of Sesbania manuring and different N rates. The N fertilizer equivalence without N fertilizer following Sesbania was 42.6% ($63.9kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$), compared with N100 ($150kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$) in fallow soils. The whole-crop barley yield responded to N fertilizer rates in both sesbania-amended and fallow soil. The yield response to nitrogen rates in fallow soil was linear (Y=0.0586X+3.3011, $R^2=0.9534$), whereas that in sesbania-amended soils was quadratic (Y= -0.001X2+0.1322X+5.7143, $R^2=0.9576$). The yield of whole-crop barley in sesbania-amended with increasing N rates was increased up to SN75 (115 kgN) $10.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Apparent N recovery (ANR) of whole-crop barely showed decreased with sesbania plus increasing rates of N fertilizer. Despite higher yield with sesbania manuring plus increasing N rates, the contributions of N from Sesbania with increasing N rates to whole-crop barley were decreased, whereas those from fertilizer increment due to excessively mineralized Nitrogen. Considering yield, ANR, N contribution from Sesbania and nitrogen fertilizer, the optimum N rate was N50 rate following sesbania incorporation.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.294-305
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• 2012

Scientific literacy has long been as one of the key goals of science education, and using scientific inquiry in school science has became an important objective to be achieved. The processes of scientific inquiry consist of proposing/developing inquiry question, designing and conducting investigation, collecting, analyzing and interpreting data, and communicating the results. However, most students experience mainly collecting and transforming data in inquiry processes in science class and they are barely exposed to the opportunities of proposing/developing inquiry questions. Middle school earth science preservice teachers participated in this study (N=36) and their abilities of developing inquiry questions were surveyed. Participants' abilities of developing inquiry questions were investigated whether they were enhanced with activities using the Inquiry Questions Development Guide (IQDG). Also, this study was interested in whether there was any relationship between abilities of developing inquiry questions and designing inquiry investigation. The results of this study were as follows; first, the level and preciseness of inquiry questions and its preciseness developed by participating teachers were enhanced after experiencing IQDG. In addition, teachers' dominating inquiry question-types were two: one is a 'relationship-inquiry question' in which students could discover the relationship between results found in the given experimental situations and the other one is a 'why-how inquiry problem' in which students could explore a cause or a process that results in the outcomes. Finally, the higher level of and preciseness the of inquiry questions were identified as an important factor the determined teachers' abilities of designing more logical investigation. A process of proposing/developing inquiry question was identified as one of the most important processes contributing to a success of scientific inquiry investigation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1025-1029
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• 2008

Fresh green tea leaf extracts were prepared by different enzyme treatment conditions, such as concentration, treating time and treating temperature using complex enzyme, Rapidase TF, and then extracted for 30 min at $80^{\circ}C$ to investigate their physicochemical properties. The results showed that free sugar content in every sample tended to increase, especially glucose content was increased up to 7.25 times compared to the control. Total amino acid was barely affected by the enzyme treatment and caffeine content was increased with reaction temperature. Total polyphenol and total catechin content was increased according to the amount of enzyme added and reaction temperature. Regardless of enzyme treatment conditions, composition of catechins were epigallocatechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate by descending order of the content. Gallic acid content increased up to 0.04% and $45^{\circ}C$ with no further significant changes thereafter. From the results above, we could conclude that a simple and new method to extract green tea materials directly from fresh green tea leaves with improved extract ratio may be introduced by adding $0.08{\sim}0.1%$ of Rapidase TF to heat treated fresh green tea leaves and keeping temperature at $37{\sim}45^{\circ}C$ for $180{\sim}240\;min$ in order to skip existing complicated procedures.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2011

Genetic determinant for metallothionein (MT), a cysteine-rich protein playing essential roles in metal detoxification and homeostasis, was characterized in the Korean bitterling (Acheilognathus signifer, Cyprinidae), an endemic fish species. The full-length A. signifer MT (AsMT) cDNA (551 bp) is composed of a single open-reading frame (ORF) to encode a polypeptide of 60 amino acids containing 20 cysteine residues whose positions are conserved in most cypriniform MTs. At the genomic level, the AsMT (2,593 bp spanning the 5'-flanking region to the 3'-untranslated region) represented a conserved tripartite (three exons interrupted by two introns) structure with AT-rich introns. The upstream regulatory region (-1,914 bp from the ATG initiation codon) of AsMT displayed various sites and motifs for transcription factors involved in the metal-mediated regulation and stress/immune responses. The AsMT transcript was ubiquitously detected in various organs with variable expression levels, where the ovary and intestine showed the highest expression, while the heart and skeletal muscle represented the lowest level. During an exposure to copper (immersion in $0.5\;{\mu}M$ Cu for 48 h), the levels of AsMT transcripts were significantly elevated in the liver (more than 3.5-fold), moderately in the gill, kidney, and spleen (ranging from 1.5- to 2.5-fold), and barely in the brain and intestine. Results of this study could form a useful basis to explore the metal-related stress physiology of this endangered fish species.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.349-354
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a high protein diet containing barley on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. A total of fifty six [(Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc)] pigs (85.08 kg in average initial body weight) were used for a 6-week study. Dietary treatments included 1) Basal diet (CON) and 2) High protein diet with barley 5% (HB5). During the entire test periods, there were no significant differences in Average daily gain (ADG), Average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain/feed ratio between treatments (p>0.05). The b value of M. logissimus dorsi muscle color was significantly increased in CON fed pigs compared to pigs fed the HB5 diet (p<0.05). The water holding capacity (WHC) was higher in HB5 than CON fed pigs (p<0.05). Also, drip loss was significantly decreased in HB5 compared to CON fed pigs (p<0.05). Backfat thickness, live weight, cold carcass weight, dressing, and carcass grade were not significantly affected by either treatment (p>0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that a high protein diet with 5% barley affects meat color, WHC and drip loss in finishing pigs.