• 통상정보연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to estimate and analyse the relationship between efficiency of bank industry and macroeconomic variables. We employ Johansen's multivariate cointegration methodology, since the model must be stationary to avoid the spurious results. The empirical results show that our model is stationary as well as mean-reverting. This paper also applies impulse-response functions to get additional information regarding the responses of the bank spread to the shocks economic variables such as long and short term interest rates differential, banking organ liquidity, business cycle index, and foreigner's net equity investment. The results indicate that while the bank spread respond positively to liquidity and equity investment shocks and then decay very quickly.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2018

Purpose - As an important participant in the financial markets, the commercial bank will be impacted by the interest rate marketization. Owing to the special condition of China, this paper tries to explore the impact of operating mechanisms between interest rate marketization and the profitability of the commercial Bank. Research design, data and methodology - This paper applies time series data from 2005 to 2016. Due to the short period of time series, autocorrelation often occurs. Therefore, the fully modified least squares(FMOLS) will be used to conduct an empirical analysis. The reason is that it can move off the autocorrelation between variables and disturbance term. And FMOLS also can make estimated cointegrating parameters closed to normal distribution. More importantly, in order to avoid spurious regressions, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test will be used to verify the stationarity of all variables. The total return of asset is treated as the profitability of commercial bank. The net interest spread is treated as a measurement of interest rate marketization. Both are regarded as dependent variables. The non-interest income or gross revenues and impaired loans or gross loans are treated as independent variables. The sixteen representative listed commercial banks are divided into three categories (state-owned, share-holding and city-owned) to conduct an estimation. Results - Via empirical analysis, the findings show that the net interest spread has a positive effect on the profitability of the commercial bank. More specifically, 1% increase in the net interest spread will lead 0.157% increase in the profitability of state-owned commercial bank, 0.269% increase in the profitability of share-holding commercial bank and 0.263% increase in the profitability of city-owned commercial bank. If regarding the sixteen listed commercial city as a whole, 1% increase in the net interest spread will lead 0.267% increase in the profitability of the commercial bank. Conclusions - As the interest rate marketization, the importance of interest rate on the profitability of commercial bank has become more and more significant. The empirical evidences also prove that the net interest spread can bring about the change of the commercial bank's profitability. Therefore, policy-makers of commercial banks should fully understand the operating mechanism between them.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2007

The main objectives of this comparative study were 1) to compare the floristic similarity of species composition between the extant vegetation and seedlings from soil seed bank and 2) to quantify the potential contribution of soil seed bank to revegetation of forest in a constructed area, which is called "ecological impact mitigation" in conjunction with the power plant extension. Forest topsoil of seven plots was collected from the surface soil after measurements were taken on the ground vegetation in each plot. A greenhouse experiment was conducted and monitored to analyze the germination potential of soil seed bank. The forest topsoil was spread on plastic trays ($0.7m^2{\times}7$) filled with a 5cm layer of sterilized potting mix. The results of monitoring for 2 years in a greenhouse were as follows : 1) seedlings of soil seed bank per 4.9$m^2$ were 1,269 with 36 species (1st year) and 2,615 with 25 species (2nd year). 2) 38${\pm}$8% of the flora species were germinated from soil seed bank. It can be concluded that the use of soil seed bank would be effective to promote establishment of diverse species and vegetation. However, it behooves to continue monitoring on succession of vegetation and pursue revegetation with other methods for ecological restoration. Finally, adequate topsoil deposit and gathering methods should be studied properly.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제36S권6호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

멀티캐리어(MC)-CDMA는 데이터 심볼을 주파수 영역에서 확산코드를 사용하여 여러 개의 캐리어로 전송하는 방식으로 심볼 길이가 길어서 협대역 간섭에 강인하다. 그러나 사각펄스를 사용하여 데이터 변조를 하므로 서브채녈간 신호 스펙트럼은 상당한 크기의 중첩된 부엽을 가지며, 이동무선채녈 환경에서 서브채널간 직교성이 손상될 때 캐리어간 간섭이 커지게 된다. 본 논문에서는 M-밴드 코사인변조 필터뱅크(Cosine Modulated Filter Bank: CMFB)에 의하여 서브채널의 스펙트럼을 제한하는 멀티캐리어 CDMA 시스템을 제안하였다. CMFB 기반의 MC-CDMA에서는 심볼 길이보다 긴 임펄스 응답을 가진 코사인변조 필터뱅크를 사용하여 부엽의 크기를 제안하는데, 이러한 스펙트럼 제한 특성은 멀티패스 페이딩과 같은 채널의 열화에 대하여 강인함을 보이고 있다. 제안된 CMFB 기반의 MC-CDMA 시스템에 대하여 이동통신 채널에서의 비트오율 성능을 모의실험을 통하여 분석하였다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1181-1188
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• 2021

This research aims to analyze transglobal leadership which has an impact on bank sustainability with militancy and organizational culture variables as mediating variables. In addition, to evaluate militancy, cultural organizations exist to encourage bank sustainability. This is an explanatory research conducted using a quantitative approach in the form of a survey. The population of this study includes all Heads of Regional Offices and Head of Branch Offices of PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia is spread across Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Bali and Jayapura. This study uses a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability and secondary data. Quantitative data analysis was performed in the form of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis based on Partial Least Square (PLS) to answer the research hypothesis. The results show a significant and positive relationship between transglobal and militancy leadership, transglobal leadership with innovation culture, militancy with innovation culture, militancy with bank sustainability and innovation culture with bank sustainability. The novelty of this research lies in the use of militancy and innovation culture as intervening variables in the correlation between transglobal leadership and bank sustainability. The militancy variable is the new variable to be checked.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.653-660
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 대역확산 통신을 위하여 웨이브렛 패킷 영역에서 다중적응필터뱅크를 이용하여 간섭신호를 제거할 수 있는 적응간섭제거기를 제안하고 Monte-Carlo 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 AWGN과 간섭채널에서 LMS와 RLS 적응알고리즘이 적용된 간섭제거기에 따른 대역확산통신시스템의 성능을 분석하였다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2015

This study was conducted to predict the changes of potential distribution for invasive alien plant, Conyza bonariensis in Korea. C. bonariensis was found in southern Korea (Jeju, south coast, southwest coast). The habitats of C. bonariensis were roadside, bare ground, farm area, and pasture, where the interference by human was severe. Due to the seed characteristics of Compositae, C. bonariensis take long scattering distance and it will easily spread by movement of wind, vehicles and people. C. canadensis in same Conyza genus has already spread on a national scale and it is difficult to manage. We used maximum entropy modeling (MaxEnt) for analyzing the environmental influences on C. bonariensis distribution and projecting on two different RCP scenarios, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The results of our study indicated annual mean temperature, elevation and temperature seasonality had higher contribution for C. bonariensis potential distribution. Area under curve (AUC) values of the model was 0.9. Under future climate scenario, the constructed model predicted that potential distribution of C. bonariensis will be increased by 338% on RCP 4.5 and 769% on RCP 8.5 in 2100s.

• 경제분석
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.1-47
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• 2020

본 연구는 이자율 스프레드 혹은 이자율 스프레드의 각 구성요소인 기대 스프레드와 기간 프리미엄의 경기 예측력에 관한 1990년대 이후 선행연구를 서베이하고, 한국의 국고채 현물이자율 데이터를 이용하여 이자율 스프레드 및 각 구성요소의 산업생산 증가율, 소비자물가 상승률, 생산갭 등에 대한 예측력에 관한 실증분석을 수행하였다. 먼저 주로 미국 경제를 대상으로 한 선행 연구들을 서베이한 결과 이자율 스프레드는 주요 경제변수들에 대하여 유의한 예측력을 갖고 있으나 1980년대 중반 이후 인플레이션 타깃팅 강화 경향 등에 따라 이자율 스프레드의 경기 예측력이 저하되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 한국 데이터를 대상으로 산업생산 증가율, 소비자물가 상승률, 생산갭 등에 대한 이자율 스프레드 및 각 구성요소의 예측력을 분석한 결과, 특히 이자율 스프레드의 구성요소 중 기간 프리미엄이 유의한 예측력을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 이자율 스프레드를 이용하여 표본외 분석을 수행한 결과, 예측방정식이 구조적으로 불안정한 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 산업생산지수 예측에 있어서 이자율 스프레드의 분해가 유의한 기여를 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.91-105
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• 2022

인터넷 전문은행 관련 선행연구들은 법안, 규제 그리고 도입 기대효과 등의 연구들이 대부분이며, 금융 소비자의 금융 서비스 전환 의도에 관한 연구는 미비한 상태이다. 본 연구의 목적은 금융소비자들이 시중은행에서 인터넷 전문은행으로 서비스 전환 의도에 대해 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보고자 PPM(Push-Pull-Mooring)이론을 적용하였다. 실제 서비스 이용자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였고, Smart PLS 3.0을 사용하여 1차 요인분석과 2차 요인분석을 하였다. 연구 결과 풀요인, 푸시요인 그리고 무어링요인은 전환 의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 조절변수인 무어링요인은 푸시요인과 풀요인의 전환 의도에 조절효과가 나타나지 않았다. 서비스 전환 연구에 활용되던 PPM이론의 활용 범위를 핀테크 서비스로 확장 하였고, 인터넷 전문은행의 전략과 확산 등 여러 가지 실무적인 유용한 시사점을 제공 할 수 있으며, 소비자 태도를 연구하는 다양한 연구에서 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제16권
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• pp.7-34
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• 2001

This Study analyzes the fact that whether or not, the applicant, by failing to object promptly to the facial discrepancies of the presented documents and to return those documents to the issuing bank, has waived his right to sue for breach of the Application agreement based on the recent Korea-US Case law. Some commentators claim that an applicant has a duty to notify the issuing bank within a reasonable time after receiving the documents that they do not comply with the letter of credit requirements and to return those documents to the issuing bank, and also suggest that a failure to do so result in a waiver of discrepancies that operates as a matter of law. But such decisions make little sense in letter of credit transaction. Unless otherwise agreed, Applicant agreement does not require that the applicant notify the issuing bank of any facial discrepancies of the documents or return those documents. Moreover there is no support in the body of law, i.e., UCP 500 or the Revised UCC Article 5, for an automatic waiver or preclusion arising from the applicant's failure to object promptly. In addition, beyond the lack of authority to support an automatic waiver arising from the applicant's failure to object and return the documents, in a letter of credit transaction the issuing bank is the only party charged with the duty of scrutinizing documents. Therefore, if there are discrepancies, it is the bank that should have to seek an express waiver from the applicant ; the issuing bank should not avoid responsibility for failing to notice discrepancies because the applicant was slow to scrutinize the documents closely or because the applicant failed to inform the issuing bank of such discrepancies. Requiring that applicants inspect documents independently defeats the purpose of retaining the issuing bank, erodes the bank's responsibility to perform its role diligently, and may result in the bank avoiding liability despite negligent payment. If the bank wants to require an applicant to report discrepancies promptly, he may include a provision in the Application agreement limiting the time limit within which the applicant must give notice of facial discrepancies and return the documents. This approach will ensure the continued wide-spread use of documentary credit as a reliable payment mechanism.