• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2010

Purpose: In Korean rhinoplasty, alloplasts such as silicone rubber have been used for dorsal and tip augmentations. However, alloplasts have produced complications such as deviation, exposure, and infection. Although autogenous tissue is an ideal material, the amount of the cartilage in Korean is not sufficient. Therefore, the authors developed a method to harvest the maximum amount of the septal and conchal cartilage. The authors first performed a complete septal extension graft for short and retruded columella and then performed nasal augmentation using various autogenous tissues. Methods: These surgical techniques were performed on 11 patients. Their average age was 27 years. An open approach with a V-shaped columellar labial incision was performed. At first, the complete septal extension graft was fixed on the entire caudal margin of the septum, and the alar cartilage was suspended to the septal extension graft to make the tip projected and the columella advanced caudally. A temporal fascial ball was used for radix augmentation. For dorsal augmentation, a batten-shaped septal cartilage graft wrapped with or without the temporal fascia or a diced cartilage graft wrapped with the temporal fascia was performed. For nasal tip augmentation, a shield graft and a cap graft or a folded conchal cartilage graft was performed.Results: The mean follow-up period was 11.2 months. The overall results were natural and satisfactory. Two patients underwent slight absorption and caudal displacement. With the exception of these cases, no complications were observed. Conclusion: Korean rhinoplastic surgeons are accustomed to using the alloplasts despite of serious complications. When rhinoplasty using autogenous tissue was performed, some complications occurred such as the displacement of the diced cartilage graft wrapped with the fascia, but many of the complications of alloplastic rhinoplasty were avoided. Therefore, we propose that by this time Korean rhinoplastic surgeons need to change their preference from alloplastic rhinoplasty to autogenous rhinoplasty.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.172-182
• /
• 2002

Objectives: We did research in the cause of the Pitchers' injury and their recovery process to make a detailed injury list for the purpose of finding the cause of the Korean professional pitchers' injury and its classification. We drew the conclusion through the results as following. Methods: We posed a question to the 80 pitchers playing in the first team of the eight Korean professional baseball team and analyzed the 62 pieces of question paper except the paper having a mistake. We used SAS/PC statistical package in analyzing the data. Results: In the frequency of the pitchers' shoulder injury in the last three years, the injured of all the players were 61.3$\%$ and the injury free players were 28.7$\%$. The cause of the injury was 45.2$\%$ wrong pitching motion, which was the highest value. For the shape of a pain when injured, the reverberation ache feeling when he is hit in the weight commanded an absolute majority as 19.4$\%$. Those who had muscular pain were 17.7$\%$, which was felt mostly at the pitching motion. The most trouble name of the injured shoulder was bicepstendinitis as 16.1$\%$ while the injury of shoulder joint was the lowest as 1.6$\%$. As the most widely used treatment, 25.8 percent of all the players had taken an electronical thraphy after injury. 14.5 percent of the players who had an injury to the shoulder told that they have an operation and 85 percent of them didn't. As a sort of the operation, a repairing of labrum was 44.4 percent, which is the highest value and the 77.8 percent pitchers are performing a normal pitching through rehabilitation after the operation and 22.2 percent of them are undergoing rehabilitation training. Conclusion: The research have shown that the main cause of the injury, concerning the Korean professional pitchers throwing lots of ball in both matches and practices, is overuse syndrome, bad mechanism, muscle weakness and instability of balance. I think that the role of trainer, physical therapy, and team physician taking charge of the players' injury must learn physical test method by heart exactly to check up the state of the injury definitely at the initial phase. Moreover, when the cause of the injury part after a close examination is discovered, the scientific and good surgery is essential to the rehabilitation success and making a classification of shoulder instability is useful to make a operation plan as well as the players' rehabilitation, treatment.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.3 no.2 s.8
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 2001

Among the currently available binder specifications, Superpave Performance Grade asphalt specification is regarded as a superior specification on its theoretical background as well as pavement performance relationship. Many difficulties are expected; however, for Superpave implementation in Korea because of heavy burden of equipment cost as well as lack of trained personnel in asphalt industry, which may too much barrier to overcome in Korean situation. As an effort to improve qualify of asphalt binder, recently, people discuss about a possibility of constituting a performance-based asphalt specification using rather easy-to-measure asphalt properties. The objective of this paper is to determine the possibility of constituting a performance-based asphalt specification using an empirical asphalt properties, such as penetration ring and ball softening point rather than using fundamental properties of asphalt. Nine straight asphalts, that covers entire straight asphalt from all Korean refineries, and eighteen modified asphalts that were modified from two modifiers were included in the study. An analysis was made through a comparison between empirical properties and Superpave PG criteria. This study concluded that it may possible to constitute a pseudo-Superpave-like specification using an empirical asphalt properties as a specification criteria. Therefore, more systematic research is needed to constitute the asphalt specification.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.670-676
• /
• 2016

In this study, we analyzed the utensils, covers and mats that were used for making meju, the shape of meju, and the heating method used for making meju from the 225 ways of preparing jang mentioned in the 32 volumes of the ancient cook books from 530 AD to 1950. The heating method of traditional meju bean and starch included 57 kinds of steaming, 59 of boiling, 21 of roasting + boiling, and 2 of cooking. The shape of meju included 41 kinds of egg, 27 of ball, 22 of lump, a kind of doughnut, 8 kinds of hilt, 6 of flat, 4 of chip, and a kind of square. Among the 72 gochoojang meju, the heating method of bean included 9 kinds of boiling, and 6 kinds of steaming; whereas the heating method of starch included 19 kinds of steaming of dough, 11 of rice cooking, and 5 of boiling of dough. The utensils for molding of bean meju were 49 kinds of straw sack, 14 of round straw container, 11 of heating bed, 7 of large straw bowl or Japanese-snailseed, 5 of jar, 4 of ditch, 3 of straw bowls, 2 of pottery steamer of dough, 2 of gourd, and a kind of long round bamboo bowl and sack of straw. The cover and the mat used for molding of meju included 36 kinds of straw, 17 kinds of paper mulberry leaf, 15 of wide straw seat, 14 of mugwort, 11 of pine tree leaf, 10 of soybean leaf, 6 of cocklebur leaf, 6 of sumac leaf, 6 of barley straw, 6 of mulberry leaf, 5 of fallen leaf, 5 of cogon grass, 4 of reed seat, 3 of scrap of cloth, 2 of Indian bean tree leaf, a kind of reed. There were only 5 kinds of hanging.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 2010

Although the demand of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods such as Kimbab is growing, large quantities and wide distribution of these foods is difficult due to their short shelf-life, exposed packaging with hygienic risk, and decreased quality at refrigerator temperatures. This study was undertaken to develop preservation and storage methods to extend the shelf-life of RTE rice products using microwave and packaging methods such as vacuum and modified atmosphere packages. RTE rice ball samples inoculated with Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus or Bacillus cereus were microwave treated for 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 seconds. Populations of pathogens on the rice balls were significantly reduced with an increase in treatment time. There were more than 5 log reductions of all pathogens when the samples were microwave treated for 60 seconds. RTE rice balls inoculated with two pathogens (S. aureus and B. cereus) were packaged via air, vacuum, $N_2$ gas, and $CO_2$ gas following microwave treatment for 90 seconds. The initial S. aureus and B. cereus concentration before treatment was 7.60 and 6.59 log CFU/g, and these levels were reduced by 3.37 and 2.18 log CFU/g after microwave treatment. The levels of pathogens were significantly increased during storage time at room temperature. $CO_2$ packaging was the most effective at inhibiting microbial growth among the tested packaging methods. The levels of total mesophilic count, S. aureus and B. cereus after 5 days of storage were 7.7, 8.8 and 9.3 log CFU/g in air packaged samples and 2.4, 3.2 and 8.3 log CFU/g in $CO_2$ gas packaged samples, respectively. However, after 3 days of storage higher levels of B. cereus were observed in all samples, indicating that the samples were not safe to be consumed. Base on these results, microwave treatment and MAP packaging methods using $CO_2$ gas could be used as a potential method for extending the shelf-life of RTE foods.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.121-127
• /
• 2016

This study analyzed the structural and electrical characteristics of an iron fittings type Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST) damaged by the Primary Current Injection Test System (PCITS). CSST consists of cladding, tube, nuts, clamp ring, flare cap, socket, and ball valve. For an evaluation of the dielectric withstand voltage, the area between the live part and non-live part of the CCST shall withstand a voltage of 220 V AC for one minute. For an evaluation of the insulation performance by 500 V DC, it is required that the insulation exceed more than $1M{\Omega}$ before the temperature rise test, $0.3M{\Omega}$ after the test. Although the average resistance of the product was $11.5m{\Omega}$, that of the product damaged at a current of 130 A by the PCITS was $11.50m{\Omega}$. Furthermore, parts of the cladding were melted and black smoke appeared when a current of 130 A applied for 10 s. After 60 s, most parts were heated and turned red. At 120 s, the parts that turned red had widened. Although it did not form a normal distribution because the P value was 0.019 with a confidential interval of 95%, it revealed outstanding characteristics with an AD (Anderson-Darling) value of 0.896 and a standard deviation of 0.5573.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 1997

The effects of the various raw material composition and sintered temperature on the physical properties of Ni-Zn ferrite have been investigated. They turned out to be spinel structure by X-ray diffraction and the size of grain from microscope was from 6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to 16 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. As the sintering temperature was increased from 1030 $^{\circ}C$ to 1070 $^{\circ}C$, the initial permeability and magnetic induction has increased and the both of Q factor and coercive force has decreased. The coercive force and curie temperature were almost the same at each specimen. Their values were about 0.20 Oe and 220 $^{\circ}C$. The frequency of specimen will used in the range from 400 kHz to 20 MHz. The basic composition of $Ni_{0.14}Zn_{0.64}Cu_{0.22}Fe_2O_4$ (specimen B) sintered at 1050 $^{\circ}C$ shows the best results at magnetic induction($B_r & B_m$).

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.67-75
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of target position on the bowling motion. Four female high school athletes with more than four years of bowling experiences were recruited to this study. The major results of this study are as follows; When a subject treats the 1st pin, The spin angle of a coxa for the target position is largely kept from the downswing to the backswing peak point. When a subject treats the 7th pin, As the 7th pin exists at the left side for the right shoulder axis of the thrower, the movement of the ball center of the thrower from side to side is the lowest. In addition, the time required and horizontal speed appear the highest in the release section. The slant angle of a shoulder is largely increased as she moves from the backswing peak point to the release section. The twist angle of a shoulder also appears small as a throw motion is made toward the left side. When a subject treats the 10th pin, The spin angle of a shoulder and the twist angle of a body in motion appear the largest in the release section. So, there are the effects of target position on the bowling motion.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this project was to determine biomechanical differences between Type A(Korean brand) and Type B(world top brand) badminton shoes and to make recommendations to improve the fit and function of Type A badminton shoes. Measurements of shoe shape and dimensions, foot movement within the shoe, cushioning of ground reaction forces, in-shoe pressure and outsole traction were performed. In addition, subjective feedback of the fit and function of the shoes was quantified for 17 recreational badminton players. Type A shoe had a much higher heel and shallower heel cup, so the heel was not secured well in the shoe and the ankle joint was higher off the ground. Foot slippage was up to 40% greater in Type A shoe than Type B shoe. Impact forces and peak pressures under the foot were generally higher with Type A shoe compared to Type B shoe. The flexion axis of Type A shoe occurred in the midfoot, not at the ball of the foot like Type B shoe, where you would want the shoe flexion to occur. In summary, there are several characteristics where A Type shoe and B Type differ. Therefore, a few recommendations are provided to help improve the fit and function of A Type shoe.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.56 no.3
• /
• pp.275-280
• /
• 2018

In the present study, we identified a Spirometra species of Myanmar origin (plerocercoid) by molecular analysis using mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes, as well as by morphological observations of an adult tapeworm. Spargana specimens were collected from a paddy-field in Taik Kyi Township Tarkwa Village, Yangon, Myanmar in December 2017. A total of 5 spargana were obtained from 20 frogs Hoplobatrachus rugulosus; syn: Rana rugulosa (Wiegmann, 1834) or R. tigrina (Steindachner, 1867). The plerocercoids were used for experimental infection of a dog. After 4 weeks of infection, an adult tapeworm was recovered from the intestine of the dog. Morphologically, the distinct features of Spirometra sp. (Myanmar origin) relative to S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens include a uterine morphology comprising posterior uterine coils that larger than the terminal uterine ball and coiling of the uteri diagonally (swirling) rather than spirally. The cox1 sequences (1,566 bp) of the Myanmar-origin Spirometra species showed 97.9% similarity to a reference sequence of S. decipiens (GenBank no. KJ599679) and 90.5% similarity to a reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei (GenBank no. KJ599680). Phylogenetic tree topologies were identical and presented high confidence level of values for the 3 major branches of the 3 Spirometra species in cox1 and nad1 genes. These results indicated that Myanmar-origin Spirometra species coincided with those of S. ranarum and may be considered as a valid species.